Agricultural harvester, threshing and separating system thereof and threshing performance adjusting method
阅读说明:本技术 农业收割机、其脱粒和分离系统和脱粒性能调节方法 (Agricultural harvester, threshing and separating system thereof and threshing performance adjusting method ) 是由 F·梅佐莫 M·J·马特维 T·奥姆斯 C·E·默里 于 2020-03-19 设计创作,主要内容包括:一种用于农业收割机的脱粒和分离系统,包括:转子,其配置为围绕转子轴线旋转;转子笼,其至少部分地包围转子并包括形成在转子笼中且配置为联接到尾料返回升降机的尾料返回入口以及形成在转子笼中、相对于转子轴线与尾料返回入口至少部分地周向对准的插入件开口;至少一个凹部,其联接到转子笼并限定多个凹部穿孔;及脱粒插入件,其可拆卸地联接到转子笼并包括至少一个安装开口。脱粒插入件至少部分地覆盖插入件开口并被定位成使来自所述尾料返回入口的物料在到达凹部之前行进经过脱粒插入件。(A threshing and separating system for an agricultural harvester comprising: a rotor configured to rotate about a rotor axis; a rotor cage at least partially surrounding the rotor and including a heel return inlet formed in the rotor cage and configured to be coupled to a heel return lifter and an insert opening formed in the rotor cage at least partially circumferentially aligned with the heel return inlet relative to the rotor axis; at least one recess coupled to the rotor cage and defining a plurality of recess perforations; and a threshing insert removably coupled to the rotor cage and including at least one mounting opening. The threshing insert at least partly covers the insert opening and is positioned such that material from said tailing return inlet travels through the threshing insert before reaching the recess.)
1. A threshing and separating system for an agricultural harvester comprising:
a rotor configured to rotate about a rotor axis;
a rotor cage at least partially surrounding the rotor, the rotor cage including a heel return inlet formed in the rotor cage and configured to be coupled to a heel return lifter, and an insert opening formed in the rotor cage, the insert opening at least partially circumferentially aligned with the heel return inlet relative to the rotor axis;
at least one recess coupled to the rotor cage and defining a plurality of recess perforations; and
a threshing insert detachably coupled to the rotor cage, the threshing insert at least partially covering the insert opening and positioned such that material from the tailings return inlet travels through the threshing insert before reaching the recess.
2. The threshing and separating system of claim 1 wherein the threshing insert includes at least one threshing bar that extends through the insert opening such that material from the tailings return inlet travels through the at least one threshing bar before reaching the recess.
3. Threshing and separating system according to claim 2, wherein the at least one threshing bar extends substantially parallel to the rotor axis.
4. Threshing and separating system according to claim 2, wherein the at least one threshing bar is welded to the threshing insert.
5. The threshing and separating system of claim 2, wherein the rotor cage includes a smooth inner surface between the insert opening and the recess.
6. Threshing and separating system according to claim 1, wherein the threshing insert comprises at least one bushing filling the insert opening.
7. The threshing and separating system of claim 6, wherein the rotor cage defines an inner surface and the at least one bushing is substantially flush with the inner surface.
8. An agricultural harvester, comprising:
a chassis;
a cleaning system carried by the chassis and including a tailings return elevator having an inlet located below the at least one screen and at least one screen; and
a threshing and separating system carried by the chassis and comprising:
a rotor configured to rotate about a rotor axis;
a rotor cage at least partially surrounding the rotor, the rotor cage including a heel return inlet formed therein and an insert opening formed therein, the heel return inlet coupled to the heel return lifter, the insert opening at least partially circumferentially aligned with the heel return inlet relative to the rotor axis;
at least one recess coupled to the rotor cage and defining a plurality of recess perforations; and
a threshing insert detachably coupled to the rotor cage, the threshing insert at least partially covering the insert opening and positioned such that material from the tailings return inlet travels through the threshing insert before reaching the recess.
9. The agricultural harvester according to claim 8, wherein said threshing insert includes at least one threshing bar extending through said insert opening such that material from said tailings return inlet travels past said at least one threshing bar before reaching said recess.
10. The agricultural harvester according to claim 9, wherein said at least one threshing bar extends substantially parallel to said rotor axis.
11. The agricultural harvester according to claim 9, wherein said at least one threshing bar is detachably mounted to said threshing insert.
12. The agricultural harvester according to claim 9, wherein said rotor cage includes a smooth inner surface between said insert opening and said recess.
13. The agricultural harvester according to claim 8, wherein said threshing insert includes at least one bushing filling said insert opening.
14. The agricultural harvester according to claim 13, wherein said rotor cage defines an inner surface and said at least one bushing is substantially flush with said inner surface.
15. A method for adjusting threshing performance of a threshing and separating system of an agricultural harvester, the threshing and separating system comprising a rotor defining a rotor axis and a rotor cage at least partially enclosing the rotor and comprising a tailings return inlet and an insert opening at least partially covered by a threshing insert and at least partially circumferentially aligned with the tailings return inlet relative to the rotor axis, the method comprising:
removing the threshing insert so that the insert opening is uncovered; and
installing a replacement threshing insert to at least partially cover the insert opening, wherein the threshing performance of the threshing and separating system is changed by installing the replacement threshing insert.
16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the threshing insert comprises a bushing and the replacement threshing insert comprises a threshing bar.
17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the threshing bar extends substantially parallel to a rotor axis of a rotor of the threshing and separating system when the replacement threshing insert is installed.
18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the threshing insert comprises a threshing bar and the replacement threshing insert comprises a bushing.
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an agricultural harvester, and more particularly, to a rotor cage for an agricultural harvester.
Background
Agricultural harvesters known as "combines" have historically been so called because it would combine multiple harvesting functions, such as picking, threshing, separating and cleaning, with a single harvesting unit. A combine harvester includes a header that removes crop from a field and a feeder housing that transports crop material into a threshing rotor. The threshing rotor rotates within a perforated housing, which may be in the form of an adjustable recess, and performs a threshing operation on the crop to remove grain. Once the grain is threshed, it falls through the perforations in the recess onto the grain pan. A cleaning system is used to remove grain from the grain pan and then deliver the grain to a grain tank on the combine. A cleaning fan blows air through the screen to discharge chaff and other debris toward the rear of the combine. Non-cereal crop material (e.g., straw from a threshing section) travels through a residue handling system that can utilize a straw chopper to process the non-cereal material and direct it out the rear of the combine. When the grain tank becomes full, the combine is placed near the vehicle (e.g., semi-trailer, gravity box, monotruck, or the like) into which the grain is to be unloaded, and the unloading system on the combine is actuated to transfer the grain into the vehicle.
More specifically, the rotary threshing or separating system includes one or more rotors that may extend axially (front to back) or laterally (side to side) within the body of the combine and are partially or fully surrounded by a perforated recess. Crop material is threshed and separated within the depressions by rotation of the rotor. Coarser non-cereal crop material (e.g., straw and leaves) is passed through straw beaters to remove all remaining grain, then transported to the rear of the combine and discharged back into the field. The separated grain along with some finer non-grain crop material (e.g., chaff, dust, straw, and other crop residue) is discharged through the depressions and falls onto a grain pan where it is transported to a cleaning system. Alternatively, the cereal and finer non-cereal crop material may also fall directly onto the cleaning system itself.
The cleaning system further separates the cereal from the non-cereal crop material and typically includes a fan that directs a stream of air upwardly and rearwardly through a vertically arranged screen that oscillates in a back-and-forth manner. The air stream lifts and carries the lighter non-cereal crop material towards the rear end of the combine for discharge into the field. The heavier clean grains and larger pieces of non-cereal crop material not entrained by the air stream fall onto the surface of an upper screen (also known as a chaff screen) where some or all of the clean grains pass through to a lower screen (also known as a cleaning screen). As the material moves backwards, the cereal and non-cereal crop material remaining on the upper and lower screens is physically separated by the reciprocating action of the screens. Any cereal and/or non-cereal crop material that passes through the upper screen but not the lower screen is directed to a tailings pan. The grain falling through the lower screen lands on a bottom tray of the cleaning system where it is conveyed forward toward the clean grain auger. The clean grain auger delivers the grain to a grain elevator, which delivers the grain upward to a grain tank for temporary storage. The grain accumulates to a location where the grain tank is full and is discharged to an adjacent vehicle (e.g., a semi-trailer, gravity box, monomer truck, or the like) by an unloading system on the combine that is actuated to transfer the grain into the vehicle.
Some crops are difficult to completely thresh and separate. When harvesting such crops, the risk of non-threshed crop material reaching the grain tank increases. The ungranulated crop material in the grain tank must be further processed after delivery or more often discarded, which can increase costs and/or reduce crop yield.
There is a need in the art for a method of reducing the risk of ungranulated crop material reaching a grain tank.
Disclosure of Invention
An exemplary embodiment provided according to the present disclosure provides a threshing insert detachably coupled to a rotor cage of a threshing and separating system such that material entering the rotor cage from a tailings return inlet travels through the threshing insert before reaching a recess coupled to the rotor cage.
In some exemplary embodiments provided according to the present disclosure, a threshing and separating system for an agricultural harvester includes: a rotor configured to rotate about a rotor axis; a rotor cage at least partially surrounding the rotor, the rotor cage including a heel return inlet formed in the rotor cage and configured to be coupled to a heel return lifter, and an insert opening formed in the rotor cage, the insert opening at least partially circumferentially aligned with the heel return inlet relative to the rotor axis; at least one recess coupled to the rotor cage and defining a plurality of recess perforations; and a threshing insert detachably coupled to the rotor cage and comprising at least one mounting opening. The threshing insert at least partially covers the insert opening and is positioned such that material from the tailing return inlet travels through the threshing insert before reaching the recess
In some exemplary embodiments provided according to the present disclosure, an agricultural harvester includes: a chassis; a cleaning system carried by the chassis and including a tailings return elevator having an inlet located below the at least one screen and at least one screen; and a threshing and separating system carried by the chassis. The threshing and separating system comprises: a rotor configured to rotate about a rotor axis; a rotor cage at least partially surrounding the rotor, the rotor cage including a heel return inlet formed therein and an insert opening formed therein, the heel return inlet coupled to the heel return lifter, the insert opening at least partially circumferentially aligned with the heel return inlet relative to the rotor axis; at least one recess coupled to the rotor cage and defining a plurality of recess perforations; and a threshing insert detachably coupled to the rotor cage and comprising at least one mounting opening. The threshing insert at least partially covers the insert opening and is positioned such that material from the tailing return inlet travels through the threshing insert before reaching the recess.
In some exemplary embodiments, a method for adjusting threshing performance of a threshing and separating system of an agricultural harvester is provided. The threshing and separating system includes a rotor defining a rotor axis and a rotor cage at least partially enclosing the rotor and including a tailings return inlet and an insert opening at least partially covered by a threshing insert and at least partially circumferentially aligned with the tailings return inlet relative to the rotor axis. The method comprises the following steps: removing the threshing insert so that the insert opening is uncovered; and mounting a replacement threshing insert to at least partially cover the insert opening. The threshing performance of the threshing and separating system is changed by mounting the replacement threshing insert.
One possible advantage that may be realized by the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein is that the threshing insert may be equipped with threshing bars and positioned below the tailings return inlet where threshing and separation would not normally occur, thereby providing additional threshing for difficult crops.
Another possible advantage that may be achieved by the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein is that the threshing insert may be equipped with bushings that are flush with the inner surface of the rotor cage when no additional threshing is required.
Yet another possible advantage that may be achieved by the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein is that different threshing inserts may be used to conveniently adjust the threshing performance of the threshing and separating system.
Drawings
For the purpose of illustration, certain embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements, dimensions, and instrumentalities shown. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. In the drawings:
fig. 1 illustrates a side view of an exemplary embodiment of an agricultural vehicle including a threshing and separating system provided in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 illustrates an internal cross-sectional view of a rotor cage of the threshing and separating system of fig. 1, to which a threshing insert is mounted, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 illustrates another interior cross-sectional view of the rotor cage illustrated in FIGS. 1-2, wherein no recesses are coupled thereto;
FIG. 4 illustrates an external cross-sectional view of the rotor cage illustrated in FIGS. 1-3;
fig. 5 illustrates a front cross-section of the threshing and separating system of fig. 1;
fig. 6 illustrates the threshing and separating system of fig. 1-5, another exemplary embodiment of a threshing insert mounted to a rotor cage; and is
Fig. 7 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a method for adjusting threshing performance of a threshing and separating system provided in accordance with the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
For convenience, the terms "grain," "straw," and "tailings" are used primarily in this specification, but it should be understood that these terms are not intended to be limiting. Thus, "grain" refers to the portion of the crop material that is threshed and separated from the disposable portion of the crop material, which is referred to as non-grain crop material, MOG, or straw. Crop material that is not fully threshed is referred to as "tailings". Likewise, the terms "front", "rear", "left" and "right" when used in connection with an agricultural harvester and/or components thereof are generally determined with reference to a forward operating travel direction of the harvester, but again, they should not be construed as limiting. The terms "longitudinal" and "transverse" are determined with reference to the fore-aft direction of the agricultural harvester and, as such, should not be construed as limiting. The terms "downstream" and "upstream" are determined with reference to the intended direction of crop material flow during operation, "downstream" is analogous to "rear", and "upstream" is analogous to "front".
Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to fig. 1, there is shown an embodiment of an agricultural harvester 100 in the form of a combine harvester, generally comprising a chassis 101, ground engaging wheels 102 and 103, a header 110, a feeder housing 120, an operator cab 104, a threshing and separating system 130, a cleaning system 140, a grain tank 150, and an unloading conveyor 160. The front wheels 102 are larger floating type wheels and the rear wheels 103 are smaller steerable wheels. Power is selectively applied to the front wheels 102 by a diesel engine 105 and a power plant in the form of a transmission (not shown). Although the combine 100 is shown as including wheels, it should also be understood that the combine 100 may include tracks, such as full tracks or half tracks.
The header 110 is mounted to the front of the combine harvester 100 and includes a cutting bar 111 for cutting crop from the field during forward movement of the combine harvester 100. A rotatable spool 112 feeds crop into the header 110, and a double auger 113 feeds severed crop laterally inward from each side toward the feeder housing 120. The feeder housing 120 conveys the cut crop to a threshing and separating system 130, and the feeder housing 120 is selectively vertically movable using a suitable actuator, such as a hydraulic cylinder (not shown).
The threshing and separating system 130 is of the axial flow type and generally comprises a threshing rotor 131 at least partially surrounded by a rotor cage 210 and rotatable in a corresponding perforated recess 132. The cut crop is threshed and separated by rotating the rotor 131 within the recess 132 and larger elements (e.g., stalks, leaves, etc.) are discharged from the rear of the combine 100. Smaller elements of crop material, including grain and non-grain crop material, including particles lighter than grain, such as chaff, dust and straw, are discharged through the perforations of the recesses 132. The threshing and separating system 130 may also be a different type of system, such as a system with transverse rotors instead of axial rotors, etc.
The grains that have been separated by the threshing and separating assembly 130 fall onto the grain pan 133 and are conveyed towards the cleaning system 140. Cleaning system 140 may include an optional pre-cleaning screen 141, an upper screen 142 (also referred to as a chaffer screen or screen assembly), a lower screen 143 (also referred to as a cleaning screen), and a cleaning fan 144. The grain on the screens 141, 142 and 143 is subjected to a cleaning action by a fan 144 which provides an air flow through the screens to remove material from the grain by causing chaff and other impurities such as dust to be carried by the air for discharge from a straw hood 171 of a residue management system 170 of the combine harvester 100. Alternatively, the chaff and/or straw may be advanced through the chopper 180 to be further processed into even smaller particles prior to being discharged from the combine harvester 100 through the spreader assembly 200. It should be appreciated that reference herein to a "shredder" 180 which may include a knife may be what is commonly referred to as a "beater" which may include flails or other configurations, and that the term "shredder" as used herein refers to any configuration which may reduce the particle size of incoming crop material by various actions including shredding, flail threshing, and the like. The grain pan 133 and pre-wash screen 141 are oscillated in a back-and-forth manner to transport the grain and finer non-grain crop material to the upper surface of the upper screen 142. The upper and lower screens 142, 143 are arranged vertically relative to each other and are also oscillated in a front-to-back manner to spread the grain across the screens 142, 143 while allowing the cleaned grain to pass through the openings of the screens 142, 143 by gravity.
The clean grain falls to a clean grain auger 145 located laterally below the front of the lower screen 143 and towards the front of the lower screen 143. Clean grain auger 145 receives clean grain from each screen 142, 143 and from bottom pan 146 of cleaning system 140. Clean grain auger 145 conveys clean grain laterally to a substantially vertically arranged grain elevator 151 for transport to grain tank 150. The tailings from the cleaning system 140 fall into a tailings auger trough 147. As further described herein, the tailings are transported to the threshing and separation system 130 via a tailings auger 147 and a tailings return elevator 148 having an inlet located below screens 141, 142, and 143 for repeated cleaning actions. A pair of grain tank augers 152 at the bottom of the grain tank 150 transport the cleaned grain laterally within the grain tank 150 and to an unloader 160 for discharge from the combine 100.
Referring now to fig. 2-3, the rotor cage 210 of the threshing and separating system 130 is illustrated in further detail. As mentioned before, the rotor cage 210 at least partially surrounds the threshing rotor 131, as illustrated in fig. 1. The rotor cage 210 may have a substantially cylindrical shape, extending parallel to a rotor axis RA (illustrated in fig. 1 and 5) about which the threshing rotor 131 is configured to rotate during operation. As is well known, a plurality of
The recess 132, which may be formed of one or more recess modules, is coupled to the rotor cage 210 and includes a plurality of recess perforations 233. When the threshing rotor 131 rotates, crop material is pressed against the recesses 132. The threshed and separated crop material passes through perforations 233 and travels to cleaning system 140 for further cleaning.
The tailings that require further cleaning are returned to the threshing and separation system 130 by the tailings return elevator 148. Formed in the rotor cage 210 is a
It has been found that certain crops and crop conditions require more stringent threshing and separation conditions to completely thresh and separate the crop material. After passing through threshing and separating system 130, harder crops tend to be unsranulated and/or unseparated, even after multiple passes. This increases the risk of unclean crop material reaching the grain tank 150, which may reduce harvesting efficiency.
With further reference to fig. 2 to 4 and 5, exemplary embodiments of threshing inserts 240 provided according to the present disclosure are explained. Threshing
Threshing
The threshing
By placing the threshing
When hard threshing is not required, referring now to fig. 6, the threshing
Referring now to fig. 7, a flow chart illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a
These and other advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. Accordingly, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes or modifications may be made to the embodiments described above without departing from the broad inventive concept thereof. It is understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is intended to include all changes and modifications that are within the scope and spirit of the invention.
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