阅读说明：本技术 作业机械和用于操作作业机械的方法 (Work machine and method for operating a work machine ) 是由 A.许尔 于 2020-03-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种作业机械,包括：具有桅杆头的桅杆；支撑缆索,其沿着桅杆被引导越过桅杆头；缆索绞盘,其包括可旋转地安装的卷绕滚筒,支撑缆索被附接到卷绕滚筒以用于卷绕起来和解绕；作业元件,其被布置在支撑缆索上以用于竖直移动；以及控制单元,借助于控制单元,缆索绞盘可以在解绕模式下操作以用于从卷绕滚筒解绕支撑缆索,在所述解绕模式下,作业元件在支撑缆索上被降低直至基底表面。根据本发明,提供包括至少一个接触压力元件的缆索接触压力装置,所述元件可以由控制单元借助于致动构件被调整到接触压力位置中,以便当基底表面被撞击时抵消支撑缆索的缆索振动,在所述接触压力位置中,接触压力元件以接触压力被搁置在支撑缆索上。(The present invention relates to a working machine, comprising: a mast having a mast head; a support cable guided along the mast over the mast head; a cable winch comprising a rotatably mounted winding drum to which a support cable is attached for winding and unwinding; a working element arranged on the support cable for vertical movement; and a control unit, by means of which the cable winch is operable in an unwinding mode for unwinding the support cable from the winding drum, in which unwinding mode the work element is lowered on the support cable up to the base surface. According to the invention, a cable contact pressure device is provided comprising at least one contact pressure element, which element can be adjusted by a control unit by means of an actuating member into a contact pressure position in which the contact pressure element rests with a contact pressure on a support cable, in order to counteract cable vibrations of the support cable when a base surface is impacted.)

1. A work machine, in particular a construction machine, comprising:

-a mast having a mast head,

-a support cable guided along the mast over the mast head,

-a cable winch comprising a rotatably mounted winding drum to which the support cable is attached for winding up and unwinding,

-a working element arranged on the support cable for vertical movement, and

-a control unit by means of which the cable winch is operable in an unwinding mode for unwinding the support cable from the winding drum, in which unwinding mode the work element is lowered on the support cable up to a base surface,

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

-providing a cable contact pressure device with at least one contact pressure element which can be adjusted by the control unit by means of an actuating member into a contact pressure position in which the contact pressure element rests with a contact pressure on the support cable in order to counteract cable vibrations of the support cable when the base surface is impacted.

2. The work machine according to claim 1,

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the contact pressure element can be adjusted by the control unit from a retracted position into the contact pressure position either just before or while the working element impacts the substrate surface.

3. The work machine according to claim 1,

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the unwinding mode is a free fall mode.

4. The work machine according to claim 1,

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the cable contact pressure device is arranged between the mast head and the winding drum, in particular close to the winding drum.

5. The work machine according to claim 1,

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

a single contact pressure element presses against the support cable in the contact pressure position.

6. The work machine according to claim 1,

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the at least one contact pressure element is provided with a roller on which the support cable rests.

7. The work machine according to claim 1,

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the contact pressure element presses the support cable against the winding drum in the contact pressure position.

8. The work machine according to claim 1,

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

two contact pressure elements are provided opposite each other,

characterized in that the support cable is guided through between the two contact pressure elements, and

in that two contact pressure elements are pressed against the support cable in the contact pressure position.

9. The work machine according to claim 1,

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

providing a determination device, which is designed to determine the position of the work element on the support cable and/or the state of the support cable, in particular the tension state of the support cable,

in that the determination means are connected to the control unit, and

in that the cable contact pressure device can be actuated by the control unit depending on the determined position and/or the state of the support cable.

10. The work machine according to claim 1,

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the position of the mast, in particular its angular position with respect to the vertical, is adjustable, and

the cable contact pressure device is adjustable according to the position of the mast.

11. The work machine according to claim 1,

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the machine is designed as a crawler crane, wherein an impact device for soil compaction is suspended as the working element on the support cable.

12. Method for operating a working machine, in particular a working machine, according to claim 1,

wherein a support cable is guided along the mast over the mast head, wherein the support cable is attached to a rotatably mounted winding drum of a cable winch for winding up and unwinding, and a working element is arranged on the support cable, the working element being moved vertically by the support cable, wherein a control unit unwinds the support cable from the winding drum of the cable winch in an unwinding mode, wherein the working element is lowered up to the base surface,

wherein, when the working element impacts the substrate surface, at least one contact pressure element is pressed by the control unit onto the support cable in a contact pressure position under a contact pressure, wherein cable vibrations of the support cable are counteracted.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

an impact weight is provided as the working element and the impact weight is repeatedly lowered onto the ground in a free-fall mode in order to compact the soil.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a working machine, in particular a construction machine, according to the preamble of claim 1, comprising: a mast having a mast head; a support cable guided along the mast via the mast head; a cable winch comprising a rotatably mounted winding drum to which a support cable is attached for winding and unwinding; a working element arranged on the support cable for the purpose of vertical movement; and a control unit, by means of which the cable winch is operable in an unwinding mode for unwinding the support cable from the winding drum, in which unwinding mode the work element is lowered on the support cable up to the base surface.

The invention furthermore relates to a method for operating such a working machine according to claim 12.

Background

A working machine of the type in question is for example obtained from european patent 3144260B 1. In this case, the support cable is guided over the mast head on the mast in order to raise and lower the lifting element as quickly as possible by means of the cable winch assembly.

When lowering a working element by means of such a working machine, it is often the case that the working element is braked by means of a corresponding brake assembly on the cable drum before said element hits the ground. If the working element still strikes a base surface, in particular the ground, at a relatively high reduced speed, undesirable cable vibrations may form on the support cable, which propagate over the mast head up to the winding drum. The cable vibrations may cause the cable windings on the winding drum to be ejected from their intended positions. During further operation of the winding drum, this may result in the support cable winding up unevenly on the winding drum, with crossed cable areas.

Such an irregular winding of the cable on the winding drum can lead to damage of the winding drum and in particular to increased wear of the support cable. Thus, not only the service life of the support cable may be significantly reduced, but also the maximum load-bearing load of the support cable as a whole may be adversely affected.

It is known in principle to provide a guide device on the winding drum for the targeted guidance and introduction of the support cable on the winding drum. However, such a guide device may also be overloaded and damaged, or bypassed, due to the occurrence of cable vibrations.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a work machine and a method for operating the work machine, by means of which the negative effects of cable vibrations of the support cable can be counteracted.

According to the invention, the object is achieved by means of a working machine having the features of claim 1 and by means of a method having the features of claim 12. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

The working machine according to the invention is characterized in that a cable contact-pressure device is provided, which comprises at least one contact-pressure element, which device can be adjusted by the control unit by means of the actuating member into a contact-pressure position in which the contact-pressure element rests with a contact pressure on the support cable, in order to counteract cable vibrations of the support cable when the working element strikes the base surface.

In this case, the invention is based on the finding that in the event of an intentional or unintentional impact of the working or lifting element on the support cable against the substrate or the ground surface, cable vibrations can be counteracted, at least in certain areas, because a defined contact pressure is applied to the support cable by means of the cable contact pressure element. The position of the support cable can thus be made fixed or tensioned at least in certain areas, so that the propagation of cable vibrations can thus be counteracted. The working element may be a tool, a clamp, a hook including a load, or another load bearing load.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention reside in: the contact pressure element may be adjusted by the control unit from the retracted position into the contact pressure position either just before or while the working element impacts the substrate surface. In order to prevent unnecessary cable rubbing and thus frictional wear, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention the contact pressure element is only briefly held in a contact pressure position on the support cable. In this case, the contact on the support cable takes place within a short period of time before the intended impact of the working element on the base surface, or in the case of an impact of the working element on the base surface. In case of a lifting of the working element, the contact pressure can be released again.

The control unit may specify any winding pattern, for example a control program with a defined winding speed course. In the simplest case, the control unit can be designed such that it is designed for free manual operation by an operator.

The faster the work element is lowered and the higher the impact speed onto the base surface, the greater the effect and formation of cable vibrations. In particular, it is advantageous to use a work machine according to the invention if the winding mode is a free-fall mode. The substrate surface may be the ground, another surface, or a fluid surface.

Within the meaning of the present invention, free-fall mode can be understood as meaning a winding mode in which the winding drum is not substantially braked or operated in another non-positive manner during the lowering of the free fall. Such a free-fall mode may be advantageous, in particular, for example, for ground compaction if the falling impact weight is intended to generate an impact momentum.

According to the development of the invention, a particularly good damping of cable vibrations can be achieved, since the cable contact pressure device is arranged between the mast head and the winding drum, in particular close to the winding drum. The propagation of cable vibrations in the region of the winding drum and to the cable winding is thus reliably counteracted.

In order to achieve a particularly compact construction of the working machine according to the invention, it is preferred that the single contact-pressure element is pressed against the support cable in the contact-pressure position. In many cases, sufficient control of the cable vibrations can thus already be achieved.

In order to reduce cable wear and also friction on the contact pressure elements, it is advantageous according to an embodiment of the invention if at least one of the contact pressure elements is provided with a roller in which the support cable rests.

In principle, the contact pressure element can freely press against the support cable. A particularly advantageous variant of the invention can be considered to be that the contact-pressure element presses the support cable against the winding drum in the contact-pressure position. In this case, the contact pressure element may be rod-shaped or preferably plate-shaped, wherein the plate is adjusted to the curvature of the winding drum. In this case, the contact-pressure element can extend substantially over the axial length of the winding drum, so that the wound cable is reliably pressed against the winding drum even in the event of significant cable vibrations.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is obtained by the two contact-pressure elements being provided opposite each other, between which the support cable is guided through, and in the contact-pressure position, the two contact-pressure elements are pressed against the support cable. The two contact pressure elements may be arranged so as to be directly opposite each other in the longitudinal direction of the support cable or so as to be at an offset in the longitudinal direction of the support cable. In this case, it can be said that a double contact pressure is exerted on the support cable, so that the propagation of cable vibrations is counteracted particularly effectively.

In principle, the cable contact-pressure device can be controlled by the control unit by means of a specified program which presses the contact-pressure element against the support cable at a specific point in time. Advantageously, the control unit can be designed such that in the event of a stop or braking of the cable drum, the contact-pressure element is placed against the support cable with a specified contact pressure. Particularly advantageous variants of the working machine according to the invention consist in: a determination device is provided which is designed for determining the position of the work element on the support cable and/or the state of the support cable, in particular the tension state of the support cable, which determination device is connected to the control unit and which can be actuated by the control unit depending on the determined position and/or state of the support cable. The actuation preferably takes place when the working element hits the ground.

The determination means may, for example, determine the length of the support cable substantially independently of the number of revolutions of the winding drum. Furthermore, another state of the support cable, in particular the tension state of the support cable, can also be registered by the determination device. Thus, for example, a load cell can be provided on the deflection roller on the mast head, which can determine the tension on the support cable. For example, if the tension drops below a specified value, or if the tension drops rapidly, this may be identified by the controller as the occurrence of cable vibration. The determination means may also comprise a camera which optically records the cable vibrations.

This determination means thus makes it possible to register particularly reliably the occurrence of cable vibrations and to actuate the cable contact pressure means as required. The adjustment of the contact pressure element is effected in particular by means of an actuating member, in particular an actuating cylinder, particularly preferably a hydraulic cylinder.

In particular in the case of a cable contact pressure device arranged close to the winch, it may be advantageous if the position of the mast, in particular with respect to the angular position relative to the vertical, is adjustable, and the cable contact pressure device is adjustable depending on the position of the mast. In particular, an adjustable mounting of the cable contact pressure device is advantageous if the mast is designed as a cantilever mast that can be adjusted over a large angular range. Thus, even if the position of the support cable changes due to the offset of the position of the mast, a desired spacing between the contact pressure element and the support cable can be ensured. The readjustment means provided for this purpose may be manually operable or, preferably, may be realized by means of at least one actuating member. This may comprise an actuating cylinder, preferably a hydraulic cylinder. The actuating member may be actuated by an operator or in particular by means of a control based on the position displacement of the mast.

In principle, the work machine according to the invention can be designed as desired, in particular as a crane or a construction machine. According to an embodiment of the invention, it is particularly advantageous if the working machine is designed as a crawler crane, wherein the impact device for soil compaction is suspended as a working element on the support cable. A crawler crane is also commonly referred to as a cable shovel, wherein this is essentially a displaceable crane comprising a crawler chassis. The jib mast, which is used in particular on construction sites for lifting work, is arranged on a preferably rotatable superstructure on a crawler chassis. In this case, in particular, an impact weight is provided as a working element, which is repeatedly lifted and, preferably, lowered in a free-fall mode from a specified height onto the ground to be compacted for the purpose of soil compaction. Thus, a simple but at the same time very effective method for soil compaction can be performed.

In the method according to the invention for operating a working machine, in particular a construction machine, according to the invention, a support cable is guided along a mast over the mast head, wherein the support cable is attached to a rotatably mounted winding drum of the cable winch for winding up and unwinding, and the working element is arranged on a support cable, by means of which the working element is moved vertically, wherein the control unit unwinds the support cable from the winding drum of the cable winch in an unwinding mode in which the working element is lowered up to the substrate surface, wherein when the working element hits the base surface, at least one contact pressure element of the cable contact pressure device is pressed by the control unit onto the support cable by means of the actuating member under a contact pressure and in a contact pressure position, wherein cable vibrations of the support cable are counteracted.

The method may in particular be performed by means of a work machine as described above. The method makes it possible to achieve the advantages described above. In principle, the method may be used anywhere where a quick and in particular repeated lowering of a work element on a support cable is desired.

The preferred process variant of the invention consists in: an impact weight is provided as a working element, and the impact weight is repeatedly lowered onto the ground in a free-fall mode in order to compact the soil. Simple and effective soil compaction can thus be performed with reliable cable guidance.

Drawings

The invention will be further described hereinafter with reference to preferred embodiments shown schematically in the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a side view of a work machine designed as a crawler crane according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective detail view of the cable contact pressure device in a retracted position in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a perspective detail view of the cable contact pressure device of FIG. 2 in a contact pressure position;

FIG. 4 is a perspective detail view of a second embodiment of a cable contact pressure device according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a perspective detail view of a third embodiment of a cable contact pressure device according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a perspective detail view of a fourth embodiment of a cable contact pressure device according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a perspective detail view of a fifth embodiment of a cable contact pressure device according to the present invention; and

fig. 8 is a perspective detail view of a sixth embodiment of a cable contact pressure device according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The work machine 10 according to the invention from fig. 1 is designed as a crawler crane, which comprises a mobile carrying arrangement 12. The carrier apparatus 12 comprises a tracked chassis 14, and the superstructure 15 is rotatably mounted on the tracked chassis 14. A mast 16 (also referred to as a jib) is mounted on the superstructure 15 so as to be pivotable about a horizontal pivot axis. For pivoting the mast 16, a holding bracket 26, a support bracket 28 and a cable positioning mechanism 27 are provided on the upper structure 15 in a manner known in principle.

From the superstructure 15, at least one support cable 20 is guided over the mast head 18 of the mast 16, on which cable a working element 30 is suspended, which in the embodiment shown is designed as an impact weight 32 for soil compaction. In the embodiment described, the support cable 20 is adjustably driven in the upper structure 15 by means of a double winch arrangement, as is known in principle from the prior art. In order to prevent cable vibrations, one cable contact pressure device 40 is arranged in each case on each of a total of two parts of the support cable 20, one of which is attached to the holding bracket 26, also referred to as a-beam, and the other of which is attached to the mast 16. The ends of the support cables 20 are in each case attached to one cable winch in the superstructure 15, respectively, in order to provide a double cable winch arrangement for the rapid lifting process.

Fig. 2 and 3 show in more detail a first embodiment of the cable contact pressure device 40, which is adjustably mounted on the retaining bracket 26. In this case, the cable contact pressure device 40 comprises a first contact pressure element 42a, which first contact pressure element 42a is mounted on a base support 46 as a rotatable roller 44. Furthermore, a second contact-pressure element 42b is likewise provided, which second contact-pressure element 42b is also designed as a roller 44 and is rotatably mounted on two transverse rocker arms 48. In each case two rocker arms 48 are pivotably mounted on the base support 46 and are connected to said base support 46 by means of linear actuating members 50, which are designed as hydraulic cylinders.

Fig. 2 shows the cable contact pressure device 40 in a state in which the support cable 20 extends between the two contact pressure elements 42a, 42b without contact, or at most with slight contact, downwards towards the cable winch 22, said cable winch 22 having the winding drum 24 rotatably mounted in the superstructure. Winding up the support cable 20 onto the winding drum 24 and unwinding from the winding drum 24 allows the work element 30 to be raised or lowered on the support cable 20. In this case, the cable winch 22 comprises a winch drive which is actuated by means of a control unit (not shown) in a manner known in principle.

With the mast 16 adjusted, and thus the support carriage 26 adjusted, the position of the cable contact pressure device 40 can be adjusted relative to the holding carriage 26 by the base support 46 by means of the readjustment device 52, and the changing position of the support cable 20 can be readjusted. For this purpose, the readjusting device 52 comprises an actuating cylinder 54 which can also be operated hydraulically.

Fig. 3 shows the state of the cable contact pressure device 40 in a contact pressure position in which the two actuating members 50 are retracted such that the second contact pressure element 42b is displaced relative to the first contact pressure element 42 a. In this state, the second contact-pressure element 42b is pressed against the support cable 20. Furthermore, in the embodiment shown, the support cable 20 is pressed against the first contact-pressure element 42 a. It can therefore be said that the support cable 20 is clamped between the two contact pressure elements 42, 42b, wherein, however, the use of the rotatable roller 44 also allows a longitudinal movement of the cable 20. In this contact pressure position, however, the two contact pressure elements 42a, 42b effectively prevent a movement transverse to the cable longitudinal direction of the support cable 20.

When carrying out the method according to the invention, for example, cable vibrations may be generated on the support cable 20 if the working element 30, which is designed to impact the weight 32, is then lowered onto the ground from an upper drop position, for example in a free-fall mode, in order to exert an impact momentum on the ground for the purpose of soil compaction. The cable vibrations of the support cable 20 can propagate beyond the mast head 18 up to the winding drum 24. In this case, the correct winding of the support cable 20 on the winding drum 24 may be impaired. To prevent this, the cable contact pressure element 40 is actuated when the working element 30 hits the ground or shortly before. The time of impact may be recorded or specified. In this case, the contact- pressure elements 42a, 42b are displaced from the retracted position according to fig. 2 into the contact-pressure position according to fig. 3. In the case of this contact pressure position according to fig. 3, vibrations of the support cable 20 are determined, prevented or significantly reduced or suppressed mainly by cable movements transverse to the normal longitudinal direction of the support cable 20.

Fig. 4 shows a modified embodiment of the cable contact pressure device 40 according to the invention. In this case, the cable contact pressure device is designed in substantially the same way as the cable contact pressure device 40 according to fig. 2 and 3. However, the two contact- pressure elements 42a, 42b are not designed as rollers, but as arcuate plates. In this case, fig. 4 shows the state of the cable contact pressure device 40 according to fig. 2 with the contact pressure elements 42a, 42b in the retracted position.

A third embodiment of a cable contact pressure device 40 according to the invention is shown in fig. 5. In this embodiment, the two contact pressure elements 42a, 42b are likewise designed as rotatable rollers 44, wherein, however, the rollers are in a fixed relative position with respect to one another on a substrate support 46. In this case, fig. 5 shows a retracted position in which the support cable 20 is guided through the two contact pressure elements 42a, 42b in a substantially unhindered manner. For applying the contact pressure, an actuating member 50 is provided, which is preferably designed as a hydraulic cylinder. The actuating member 50 adjusts the substrate support 46 and the two contact pressure elements 42a, 42b relative to the holding bracket 26, in particular about a swivel joint 56. Thus, at least one of the two contact pressure elements 42a, 42b is pressed against the support cable 20, which support cable 20 deviates from its normal, unimpeded passage position. Said application of contact pressure to the support cable 20 transversely to the longitudinal direction of the support cable 20 can likewise counteract, at least to a large extent, the propagation of undesirable cable vibrations of the support cable 20 on the winding drum 24.

A further embodiment of a cable contact pressure device 40 according to the invention is shown in fig. 6, wherein the cable contact pressure device 40 is designed to a large extent in a manner corresponding to the first embodiment according to fig. 2 and 3. However, in contrast to the first embodiment, the cable contact pressure device 40 is not attached to the holding bracket 26, but is directly attached to the superstructure 15 of the work machine 10, close to the winding drum 24. In this case, fig. 6 shows the cable contact pressure device 40 in a contact pressure position.

A further embodiment of a cable contact pressure device 40 according to the invention is shown in fig. 7. In this case, the cable contact pressure device 40 comprises a single contact pressure element 42, which single contact pressure element 42 is rotatably mounted as a roller 44 on a substrate support 46. The substrate support 46 itself is rotatably mounted about a swivel joint 56, with the swivel axis of the swivel joint 56 oriented so as to be substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the winding drum 24. In order to press the contact-pressure element 42 against the support cable 20, an actuating member 50 designed as a pressure cylinder is provided. In the embodiment shown, the actuating member 50 presses the support cable 20 directly against the winding drum 24 in the contact pressure position.

A similar embodiment is shown in fig. 8, wherein in the cable contact pressure device 40 according to the invention a curved plate is provided as the contact pressure element 42. The plate is likewise mounted on a base support 46, which base support 46 is pressed directly against the winding drum 24 by means of an actuating member 50, so that the support cable is clamped firmly between the winding drum 24 and the contact-pressure element 42.