阅读说明：本技术 一种丢糟双轮发酵制备腐殖质、人工老窖泥的方法及生产系统 (Method and production system for preparing humus and artificial aged pit mud by waste vinasse double-round fermentation ) 是由 唐云 于 2020-07-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种丢糟双轮发酵制备腐殖质、人工老窖泥的方法及生产系统,包括：一轮发酵、蒸馏处理、二轮发酵、窖泥制作几个步骤,可将丢糟转化为转化为腐殖质,并使用腐殖质制备人工老窖泥。按重量份选取上述腐殖质2.5～4份,以及老窖泥10～30份,活性污泥0.5～1.5份,黏土40～60份,牛肉膏10～15份,有机物腐熟剂0.5～1.5份,复合己酸菌液10～20份,蔬菜秸秆2～5份,水果浆2～5份,窖泥添加液20～30份,经堆积发酵后可制成人工老窖泥。丢糟的二次利用主要应用于人工老窖泥配制方面,解决了传统处理方法中无法将丢糟有效利用的问题。(The invention discloses a method for preparing humus and artificial aged pit mud by double-round fermentation of waste grains and a production system, which comprise the following steps: the method comprises the steps of one-time fermentation, distillation treatment, two-time fermentation and pit mud production, can convert the waste grains into humus, and uses the humus to prepare the artificial old pit mud. 2.5-4 parts of humus, 10-30 parts of old pit mud, 0.5-1.5 parts of activated sludge, 40-60 parts of clay, 10-15 parts of beef extract, 0.5-1.5 parts of an organic matter decomposing agent, 10-20 parts of compound caproic acid bacterial liquid, 2-5 parts of vegetable straws, 2-5 parts of fruit pulp and 20-30 parts of pit mud additive liquid are selected according to the parts by weight, and the artificial old pit mud can be prepared after stacking and fermenting. The secondary utilization of the spent grains is mainly applied to the preparation of the artificial aged pit mud, and the problem that the spent grains cannot be effectively utilized in the traditional treatment method is solved.)

1. A method for preparing humus by vinasse loss double-round fermentation is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, one-round fermentation: cooling the spent grains to 25-32 ℃, then selecting 70-90 parts of spent grains, 5-15 parts of compound enzyme liquid and 10-20 parts of compound bacteria liquid according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing, and loading the mixed materials into a round of fermentation device for one-round fermentation at the temperature of 16-25 ℃, wherein the fermentation time is 60-100 days, and the fermentation temperature is 20-40 ℃;

the compound enzyme solution comprises the following components: amylase, protease, lipase and cellulase, wherein the weight ratio of each component is (3-5): (1.5-3.5): (1-2.5): (1-2); the composite bacterial liquid comprises the following components: the method comprises the following steps of (5-6) saccharomyces cerevisiae, ester-producing yeast, rhizopus nigricans and aspergillus oryzae in parts by weight: (2-4): (0.5-2): (0.5 to 2);

s2, distillation treatment: discharging yellow water from the first round of fermentation device after the first round of fermentation is finished, pouring out the fermented grains, putting the fermented grains into a distillation device, distilling for 30-50 min, and pouring the yellow water into a bottom pot for serial distillation; respectively picking out the foreshot, the unblended wine and the feints in the distillation process, stopping distillation when the alcoholic strength of the feints is lower than 8-10 vol%, and collecting bottom boiler water;

s3, two-round fermentation: and after distillation, cooling the fermented grains to 18-35 ℃, uniformly mixing 50-70 parts of the fermented grains obtained in the step S2, 20-40 parts of activated sludge and 0.2-0.5 part of EM (effective microorganisms) activation liquid according to parts by weight, putting the mixed materials into a two-wheel fermentation device, and after fermentation for 30-60 days, converting the fermented grains into humus for preparing the artificial aged pit mud.

2. The method for preparing humus by double-round fermentation of spent grains according to claim 1, wherein 10-20 parts of seed bacteria are added in step S3, wherein the seed bacteria are zoogloea obtained after the two-round fermentation.

3. The method for preparing humus by double-round fermentation of spent grains according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the complex enzyme solution and the complex bacteria solution are dissolved in water at 15-25 ℃ before being mixed with spent grains.

4. The method for preparing humus by double-round fermentation of spent grains according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the activated sludge is lotus root pond sludge or fishpond sludge.

5. A method for preparing artificial aged pit mud by vinasse lost double-round fermentation is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

2.5-4 parts of humus, 10-30 parts of old pit mud, 0.5-1.5 parts of activated sludge, 40-60 parts of clay, 10-15 parts of beef extract, 0.5-1.5 parts of an organic matter decomposing agent, 10-20 parts of compound caproic acid bacterial liquid, 2-5 parts of vegetable straws, 2-5 parts of fruit pulp and 20-30 parts of pit mud additive liquid in the claim 1 are selected;

the pit mud additive solution is prepared from the bottom pot water, the wine head, the wine base and the wine tail in claim 1, and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4-6 of bottom boiler water: 0.1-0.5% of wine head: 0.1-0.5% of raw wine: 2-5 of feints.

6. The method for preparing artificial aged pit mud by double-round bottom fermentation of spent grains according to claim 5, comprising the following steps: mixing the materials uniformly, and after stacking and fermenting for 10-20 days, stacking the fermented materials and pit mud skins according to the weight ratio of 1: and (3) mixing and fermenting again for 60-90 days to obtain the required artificial aged pit mud.

7. A production system for preparing humus by vinasse lost double-round fermentation is characterized by comprising a first round fermentation device, a distillation device and a second round fermentation device;

the first round of fermentation device comprises a support and a fermentation tank arranged on the support, wherein a tank cover is connected to the top of the fermentation tank, a horizontal partition plate is arranged at the bottom in the fermentation tank, and a filter screen is laid on the upper layer of the partition plate; a yellow water collecting bin is formed between the partition plate and the bottom of the fermentation tank, and a yellow water outlet is also formed in the bottom of the fermentation tank;

the distillation device comprises a retort pot and a retort cover, a heating chamber is arranged at the bottom of the retort pot, a hot water chamber is arranged below the heating chamber, a cold water chamber is arranged below the hot water chamber, the heating chamber and the hot water chamber are separated by a one-way valve, the hot water chamber and the cold water chamber are also separated by a one-way valve, and the flow direction of the one-way valve is from bottom to top; an electromagnetic heating coil is arranged in the heating chamber, a heat exchanger is also arranged below the steamer pot, the heat exchanger is positioned in the hot water chamber and the cold water chamber, a steam pipe is connected between an inlet of the heat exchanger and the steamer cover, and a telescopic pipe is connected onto the steam pipe; the bottom of the heat exchanger is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet;

the two-wheel fermentation device comprises a storage bin, a stirring device is arranged in the storage bin, and an air pressure detector and an air exhaust port are arranged at the top of the storage bin; the upper part of the storage bin is provided with a feed inlet, and the feed inlet is connected with a material lifting device; the lower part of the storage bin is provided with a discharge opening, and the discharge opening is connected with a solid-liquid separation discharging device.

8. The system for producing humus by vinasse lost double-round fermentation as claimed in claim 7, wherein an overflow port and a liquid level controller are further arranged at the upper part of the heating chamber, a water delivery pipe is further arranged between the heating chamber and the hot water chamber, a water pump is further arranged on the water delivery pipe, and the liquid level controller controls the water pump to be turned on and off.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of wine brewing processes, and particularly relates to a method for preparing humus and artificial aged pit mud by double-round fermentation of waste grains and a production system.

Background

The waste lees are main by-products in the wine production, the starch content in the waste lees is 10 to 12 percent, and the waste lees are rich in cellulose, protein, fat and other available organic matters. According to statistical data, the Chinese liquor brewing industry generates about 2500 ten thousand tons of waste lees every year. The distilled grain of the white spirit has high water content and high acidity, is easy to mildew and rot during stacking and storage, and can cause serious environmental pollution if being discarded or burnt randomly. The full utilization of the nutrient components in the waste lees can not only solve the environmental protection problem and save the grain, but also improve the economic benefit.

The current treatment method of the waste lees comprises the following steps:

(1) for animal farming or biofertilizers: the waste lees are directly sold as feed, so the economic benefit is low, if the waste lees cannot be treated in time, the waste lees are extremely easy to rot and mildew, and the production environment of a factory is seriously influenced;

(2) raw materials for producing the health care product are as follows: the waste lees can be used as biological culture raw materials, such as high-protein edible maggot food, etc.

(3) Used as raw material of biological feed: the white spirit waste lees is used as a main raw material and is subjected to synergistic fermentation of multiple strains such as aspergillus niger, trichoderma viride, candida tropicalis and the like, and a culture contains a large amount of beneficial active thalli, microbial enzymes and other bioactive substances, and crude fibers are degraded, so that the content of crude proteins and true proteins is improved. The waste lees fermented biological feed has good economic benefit, but needs to be cultured independently, and has higher requirements on control conditions, higher production difficulty and higher production cost.

(4) For fermenting spent grain wine: most of residual starch in the distilled grain of the white spirit is low-grade dextrin which is difficult to be saccharified by enzyme, and the distilled grain has high acidity and more reducing substances, so that the propagation and fermentation of saccharification and other microorganisms such as bacteria and saccharomycetes are hindered. At present, the high-activity saccharomyces cerevisiae is still used in a plurality of white spirit factories for producing vinasse wine. The single active dry yeast is matched with the saccharifying enzyme to ferment the waste lees, only the starch in the waste lees is utilized more, the substances such as protein, cellulose and the like cannot be effectively utilized, and meanwhile, the excessive protein and cellulose substances can block the release and decomposition of the starch in the waste lees, so that the wine is influenced, and the wine body has a thinner taste. The requirements of various waste lees of different factories on fermentation yeasts are higher and higher, and the mixed fermentation of multiple enzyme systems and multiple strains becomes the research direction.

The residual starch and flavor substances in the spent grains can be used as raw materials and flavor substances of white spirit production, the spent grains are widely used for producing the spent grain wine, the process technology is mature, but the following problems are often encountered in the specific production process:

(1) the starch is utilized more importantly, and the utilization of substances such as acid, protein, amino acid and the like in the waste lees is neglected;

(2) the type, the number and the activity of the microorganisms of the distiller's grains yeast produced by the traditional method are difficult to control accurately, and the industrialization of the production is severely restricted.

(3) Although the utilization efficiency of the spent grains is improved to a certain extent by matching auxiliary materials such as saccharifying enzyme, dry yeast, complex enzyme and the like, the auxiliary materials are various in types and complex in proportion, and the production control difficulty is increased.

With the application of modern molecular biology technology, microbial breeding technology and microbial population analysis technology in white spirit research, the development of the traditional white spirit industry is promoted, and the industrial upgrading of white spirit enterprises is accelerated. Aiming at the technical difficulties encountered in the industrial production of the waste lees of the white spirit, the new technical means helps to solve the practical production problem well.

The humus is an organic matter with a complex structure in the pit mud, is not only a main source of microbial nutrition in the pit mud, but also plays an important role in maintaining the nutrition of the pit mud, adjusting the acidity and maintaining the moisture of the pit mud, and generally occupies 50-70% of the total amount of the organic matter. The main components of humus are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, etc. Humus is not a single organic compound, but a mixture of a series of organic compounds that have both common and different compositions, structures and properties, with humic and fulvic acids being the main components. Humic acid is a humic substance which can be dissolved in an alkali solution and precipitated by an acid solution, the molecular weight of the humic acid is larger than that of fulvic acid, and the percentage content of each element in the molecular composition is as follows: c (50-60%), H (2.8-6.6%), O (31-40%) and N (2.6-6.0%). The humic acid has smaller acidity than fulvic acid, is slightly acidic, has higher absorption capacity, monovalent salts of the humic acid are dissolved in water, and divalent and trivalent salts of the humic acid are not dissolved in water, and the humic acid has important significance for maintaining soil nutrients and forming soil structures. Fulvic acid is a humic substance which is soluble in both an alkali solution and an acid solution, and has a molecular weight smaller than that of humic acid, and the percentage contents of elements in the molecular composition are as follows: c (40% -52%), H (4% -6%), O (40% -48%), N (2% -6%). The fulvic acid is strong in acidity, large in mobility and lower in absorptivity than humic acid, and its monovalent, divalent and trivalent salts are all dissolved in water, so that the fulvic acid has important action for promoting mineral decomposition and nutrient release. The humus can exist in clay in a free humic acid and humic acid salt state, and can also be in a gel state to be tightly combined with mineral clay grains to become an important colloidal substance.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for preparing humus by double-round fermentation of waste grains, and aims to convert the waste grains into the humus by fermentation so as to expand the utilization way of the waste grains and improve the resource utilization rate.

The invention also provides a method for preparing the artificial aged pit mud by the double-round fermentation of the waste lees, and aims to solve the problem that the quality of the existing artificial aged pit mud is low, so that the wine yield of a pit is low.

The invention also provides a production system for preparing humus by double-round fermentation of spent grains, and aims to solve the problems of high energy consumption and low production efficiency of the conventional production device.

Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for preparing humus by vinasse loss double-round fermentation comprises the following steps:

s1, one-round fermentation: cooling the spent grains to 25-32 ℃, then selecting 70-90 parts of spent grains, 5-15 parts of compound enzyme liquid and 10-20 parts of compound bacteria liquid according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing, and loading the mixed materials into a round of fermentation device for one-round fermentation at the temperature of 16-25 ℃, wherein the fermentation time is 60-100 days, and the fermentation temperature is 20-40 ℃;

the compound enzyme solution comprises the following components: amylase, protease, lipase and cellulase, wherein the weight ratio of each component is (3-5): (1.5-3.5): (1-2.5): (1-2); the composite bacterial liquid comprises the following components: the method comprises the following steps of (5-6) saccharomyces cerevisiae, ester-producing yeast, rhizopus nigricans and aspergillus oryzae in parts by weight: (2-4): (0.5-2): (0.5 to 2);

s2, distillation treatment: discharging yellow water from the first round of fermentation device after the first round of fermentation is finished, pouring out the fermented grains, putting the fermented grains into a distillation device, distilling for 30-50 min, and pouring the yellow water into a bottom pot for serial distillation; respectively picking out the foreshot, the unblended wine and the feints in the distillation process, stopping distillation when the alcoholic strength of the feints is lower than 8-10 vol%, and collecting bottom boiler water;

s3, two-round fermentation: and after distillation, cooling the fermented grains to 18-35 ℃, uniformly mixing 50-70 parts of the fermented grains obtained in the step S2, 20-40 parts of activated sludge and 0.2-0.5 part of EM (effective microorganisms) activation liquid according to parts by weight, putting the mixed materials into a two-wheel fermentation device, and after fermentation for 30-60 days, converting the fermented grains into humus for preparing the artificial aged pit mud.

Further, in step S3, 10-20 parts of seed bacteria are added, wherein the seed bacteria are zooglea obtained after the last two rounds of fermentation.

Further, in step S1, the complex enzyme solution and the complex bacteria solution are dissolved in water at 15-25 ℃ before being mixed with the waste lees.

Further, in step S3, the activated sludge is lotus root pond sludge or fishpond sludge.

A method for preparing artificial aged pit mud by vinasse lost double-round fermentation comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

selecting 2.5-4 parts of humus, 10-30 parts of old pit mud, 0.5-1.5 parts of activated sludge, 40-60 parts of clay, 10-15 parts of beef extract, 0.5-1.5 parts of an organic matter decomposing agent, 10-20 parts of compound caproic acid bacterial liquid, 2-5 parts of vegetable straws, 2-5 parts of fruit pulp and 20-30 parts of pit mud additive liquid;

the pit mud additive solution is prepared from the foreshot, the unblended wine, the feints and the bottom boiler water, and the weight proportions of the components are as follows: 4-6 of bottom boiler water: 0.1-0.5% of wine head: 0.1-0.5% of raw wine: 2-5 of feints.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: mixing the materials uniformly, and after stacking and fermenting for 10-20 days, stacking the fermented materials and pit mud skins according to the weight ratio of 1: 2, stirring and fermenting again for 60-90 days to obtain the required artificial aged pit mud.

A production system for preparing humus by vinasse lost double-round fermentation comprises a first round fermentation device, a distillation device and a second round fermentation device;

the first round of fermentation device comprises a support and a fermentation tank arranged on the support, wherein a tank cover is connected to the top of the fermentation tank, a horizontal partition plate is arranged at the bottom in the fermentation tank, and a filter screen is laid on the upper layer of the partition plate; a yellow water collecting bin is formed between the partition plate and the bottom of the fermentation tank, and a yellow water outlet is also formed in the bottom of the fermentation tank;

the distillation device comprises a retort pot and a retort cover, a heating chamber is arranged at the bottom of the retort pot, a hot water chamber is arranged below the heating chamber, a cold water chamber is arranged below the hot water chamber, the heating chamber and the hot water chamber are separated by a one-way valve, the hot water chamber and the cold water chamber are also separated by a one-way valve, and the flow direction of the one-way valve is from bottom to top; an electromagnetic heating coil is arranged in the heating chamber, a heat exchanger is also arranged below the steamer pot, the heat exchanger is positioned in the hot water chamber and the cold water chamber, a steam pipe is connected between an inlet of the heat exchanger and the steamer cover, and a telescopic pipe is connected onto the steam pipe; the bottom of the heat exchanger is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet;

the two-wheel fermentation device comprises a storage bin, a stirring device is arranged in the storage bin, and an air pressure detector and an air exhaust port are arranged at the top of the storage bin; the upper part of the storage bin is provided with a feed inlet, and the feed inlet is connected with a material lifting device; the lower part of the storage bin is provided with a discharge opening, and the discharge opening is connected with a solid-liquid separation discharging device.

Furthermore, an overflow port and a liquid level controller are further arranged at the upper part of the heating chamber, a water conveying pipe is further arranged between the heating chamber and the hot water chamber, a water pump is further arranged on the water conveying pipe, and the liquid level controller controls the water pump to be turned on and turned off.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the secondary utilization of the waste grains is mainly applied to the preparation of the artificial aged pit mud, and the defect that the fermented grains cannot be degraded in the traditional treatment method is overcome;

2. the spent grains are fermented for the second time, so that the high molecular substances in the spent grains can be thoroughly degraded and fully utilized in fermentation of pit mud, on one hand, the effect of inoculating a bacterial source is achieved, and on the other hand, energy is provided for fermentation of the pit mud;

3. the final fermentation product humus is directly applied to pit mud, so that the attachment of pit mud microorganisms is facilitated, the pit mud gel connectivity is improved, and energy and activity places can be provided for strains;

4. the integrated distiller makes full use of energy, saves heat energy, water and space, improves heat exchange efficiency, and is favorable for collecting fermentation byproducts (bottom boiler water, feints and the like).

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fermentation apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a distillation apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a two-round fermentation apparatus according to the present invention;

in the figure: 1-fermentation tank, 2-tank cover, 3-partition board, 4-yellow water collecting bin, 5-yellow water discharging port, 6-retort pot, 7-retort cover, 8-heating chamber, 9-hot water chamber, 10-cold water chamber, 11-heat exchanger, 12-steam pipe, 13-telescopic pipe, 14-electromagnetic heating coil, 15-one-way valve, 16-overflow port, 17-water conveying pipe, 18-storage bin, 19-stirring device, 20-air pressure detector, 21-exhaust port, 22-feeding port, 23-material lifting device, 24-discharging port and 25-solid-liquid separation discharging device.

Detailed Description

A method for preparing humus and artificial aged pit mud by double-round fermentation of waste grains comprises the following steps: