阅读说明：本技术 一种用于大余量铸件毛坯的摆线加工方法 (Cycloid machining method for large-allowance casting blank ) 是由 常有余 李福燕 谢华 魏瑾瑾 赵锋 王宝林 杜明坤 于 2021-08-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及机械零件的加工技术领域,具体是一种用于大余量铸件毛坯的摆线加工方法,所述铸件进行基准面确定,确定铸件表面的毛坯余量厚度,根据毛坯余量刀具以螺旋摆线方式进刀,其中刀具通过顺铣方式对毛坯铣削,铣刀切入工件毛坯时,由刀尖切入铸件毛坯,刀尖切入铸件毛坯时的剪切力明显小于切削刃中段切入铸件毛坯的方式,切削时的冲击负载也比较,本发明能够确定刀具路径,以圆形移动沿直线、圆或部件边缘的方向摆动,将毛坯工件中要切除部分的材料沿垂直于刀具摆动的方向分成均匀厚度的切削层,在刀具摆动的过程中逐层切除,避免了毛坯不均匀引起切削力的较大波动造成加工过程中的振动和刀具的损耗。(The invention relates to the technical field of machining of mechanical parts, in particular to a cycloid machining method for a large-allowance casting blank, determining the reference surface of the casting, determining the blank allowance thickness of the casting surface, feeding in a spiral cycloid mode according to a blank allowance cutter, wherein, the cutter mills the blank in a forward milling mode, when the milling cutter cuts into the workpiece blank, the cutter point cuts into the casting blank, the shearing force of the cutter point when cutting into the casting blank is obviously smaller than that of the mode that the middle section of the cutting edge cuts into the casting blank, the impact load during cutting is also compared, the invention can determine the path of the cutter, swinging in the direction of a straight line, a circle or a component edge in a circular movement to divide the material of the part to be cut in the blank workpiece into cutting layers with uniform thickness along the direction vertical to the swinging direction of the cutter, the cutting tool is cut off layer by layer in the swinging process of the cutting tool, so that the vibration and the loss of the cutting tool in the machining process caused by the large fluctuation of the cutting force due to the uneven blank are avoided.)

1. A cycloid machining method for a large-allowance casting blank is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the casting is subjected to datum plane determination, the blank allowance thickness of the surface of the casting is determined, the cutter is fed in a spiral cycloid mode according to the blank allowance, the cutter mills the blank in a forward milling mode, when a milling cutter is cut into the workpiece blank, the cutter point is cut into the casting blank, the shearing force of the cutter point when the cutter point is cut into the casting blank is obviously smaller than that of the cutting edge middle section when the cutter point is cut into the casting blank, and the impact load is also smaller during cutting.

2. The cycloidal machining method for a large allowance casting blank according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

step 1: determining the thickness S of the allowance of the casting blank according to the appearance of the machining reference surface of the casting;

step 2: determining the basic composition of the large-allowance uneven blank according to the casting datum plane;

and step 3: determining the number D of axial cutting layers according to the thickness S of the blank allowance;

and 4, step 4: setting tool cycloid processing data parameters including the height H of a tool, the diameter R of a tool cycloid circle, the progressive distance X of the tool cycloid and the axial cutting layer number D of the tool;

and 5: determining the height of cutter feeding, the spiral diameter of the cutter, the moving track of the cutter and the cutting depth of the cutter according to the processing data parameters in the step 4 to generate a cutter feeding track of the cutter;

step 6: determining the axial cutting times of the cutter according to the axial cutting layer number D of the cutter,

and 7: moving the cutter according to the feed tool path in the step 5, and milling the blank of the casting;

and 8: the cutter carries out deep milling on the casting blank according to the axial cutting times in the step 6;

and step 9: and (4) milling the cutter according to the steps 5, 6 and 7, adding tool retracting tool paths, and forming a complete processing tool path together with each layer of tool paths in the axial direction.

3. The cycloidal machining method for a large allowance casting blank according to claim 1, wherein: the casting datum plane is respectively defined as a plane class, a circular ring class and a groove class according to three large-allowance uneven blank states, wherein the circular ring class is not limited to be a circular cavity, and closed cavities with other shapes are also included in the casting datum plane.

4. The cycloidal machining method for a large allowance casting blank according to claim 3, wherein: in the milling process of the plane type casting, when the cutter is subjected to initial feed milling, the cutter spirally moves from inside to outside until the cutter moves to a moving track with the diameter R of the cycloid circle, the cutter performs milling along the track with the diameter R of the cycloid circle and moves along a casting reference surface according to a progress distance X at the same time of performing milling along the track with the diameter R of the cycloid circle until milling of the excess material of the blank of one layer is completed, and then milling of the excess material of the blank of the next layer is performed according to the above.

5. The cycloidal machining method for a large allowance casting blank according to claim 3, wherein: in the milling process of the circular ring type casting, when a cutter is subjected to initial feed milling, the cutter moves to a moving track with a cycloid circle diameter R, the cutter performs milling along the track with the cycloid circle diameter R, then the cutter performs annular movement along a reference surface on the inner side of the circular ring type casting according to a progressive distance X until the milling of the excess material of the blank of one layer is completed, and then the milling of the excess material of the blank of the next layer is performed according to the above.

6. The cycloidal machining method for a large allowance casting blank according to claim 3, wherein: in the milling process of the groove type casting, when a cutter is used for initial feed milling, the cutter moves to a moving track with a cycloid circle diameter R, the cutter carries out milling work on blank excess materials on the inner side of the groove type casting along the track with the cycloid circle diameter R, then the cutter carries out annular movement along a reference surface on the inner side of the groove type casting by a progressive distance X until milling of the blank excess materials on one layer is completed, and then milling work of the blank excess materials on the next layer is carried out according to the method.

7. The cycloidal machining method for a large allowance casting blank according to claim 1, wherein: the difference in the cutting position of the milling cutter into the workpiece is manifested by the difference in the cutting width of the cutter, and the relationship between the cutting width and the diameter of the cutter is 2/3 (0.67) -4/5 (0.8) (cutting width/diameter of cutter).

8. The cycloidal machining method for a large allowance casting blank according to claim 1, wherein: and the cutter feeding point is started to sequentially make the cycloidal circle tangent with the new offset curve along the clockwise direction according to the progressive distance X.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of machining of mechanical parts, in particular to a cycloid machining method for a large-allowance casting blank.

Background

Machine tools are devices for manufacturing machine parts, commonly known as metal cutting machines, and simply called machine tools. The quality of the machine tool directly influences the quality of the machine. The quality of a machine tool is measured in many aspects, but the machine tool mainly requires good manufacturability, serialization, universalization, high standardization degree, simple structure, light weight, reliable work, high productivity and the like, wherein the cycloidal machine tool realizes the cutting of a symmetrical plane on a cylindrical surface by utilizing the compound motion of the tool and a workpiece rotating in the same direction, has high production efficiency, analyzes the principle of inner cycloid forming and the principle of machine tool turning plane, deduces the compound motion track of machine tool turning from mathematics, analyzes and discusses the turning quality of a lathe machine tool at the same time, and provides certain reference for the selection of machining.

In the prior art, the following problems exist:

in the existing machining blank, the casting blank occupies a large proportion, in order to ensure the internal quality of a casting, part of a casting head is positioned at a subsequent machining part, after the casting head is processed by cutting carbon planing and other modes, the cutting residue on a machining surface is often uneven, the allowance difference is large, a large number of blank cutters are easily formed by using a conventional numerical control cutting mode, the impact between a cutter and a workpiece is obvious in the cutting process, the cutter loss is caused, and therefore, the difficulty in how to stably and efficiently process the large-allowance uneven blank becomes a difficult point in numerical control processing.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a cycloid machining method for a large-allowance casting blank, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a cycloidal processing method for a large-allowance casting blank is characterized in that a reference surface of the casting is determined, the blank allowance thickness of the surface of the casting is determined, a cutter is fed in a spiral cycloidal mode according to the blank allowance, the blank is milled by the cutter in a forward milling mode, when a milling cutter is cut into a workpiece blank, a cutter point is cut into the casting blank, the shearing force when the cutter point is cut into the casting blank is obviously smaller than that when a middle section of a cutting edge is cut into the casting blank, and the impact load during cutting is also smaller.

Preferably, the cycloid machining method for the large-allowance casting blank is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

step 1: determining the thickness S of the allowance of the casting blank according to the appearance of the machining reference surface of the casting;

step 2: determining the basic composition of the large-allowance uneven blank according to the casting datum plane;

and step 3: determining the number D of axial cutting layers according to the thickness S of the blank allowance;

and 4, step 4: setting tool cycloid processing data parameters including the height H of a tool, the diameter R of a tool cycloid circle, the progressive distance X of the tool cycloid and the axial cutting layer number D of the tool;

and 5: determining the height of cutter feeding, the spiral diameter of the cutter, the moving track of the cutter and the cutting depth of the cutter according to the processing data parameters in the step 4 to generate a cutter feeding track of the cutter;

step 6: determining the axial cutting times of the cutter according to the axial cutting layer number D of the cutter,

and 7: moving the cutter according to the feed tool path in the step 5, and milling the blank of the casting;

and 8: the cutter carries out deep milling on the casting blank according to the axial cutting times in the step 6;

and step 9: and (4) milling the cutter according to the steps 5, 6 and 7, adding tool retracting tool paths, and forming a complete processing tool path together with each layer of tool paths in the axial direction.

Preferably, the casting datum plane is respectively defined as a plane class, a circular ring class and a groove class according to three large-allowance uneven blank states, wherein the circular ring class is not limited to a circular cavity, and closed cavities with other shapes are also included in the casting datum plane.

Preferably, in the milling process of the plane type casting, when the cutter is subjected to initial feeding milling, the cutter spirally moves from inside to outside until the cutter moves to a moving track with the diameter R of the cycloid circle, the cutter performs milling along the track with the diameter R of the cycloid circle and moves along a casting reference surface according to a progressing distance X at the same time of performing milling along the track with the diameter R of the cycloid circle until milling of the excess material of the blank of one layer is completed, and then the milling of the excess material of the blank of the next layer is performed according to the above.

Preferably, in the milling process of the circular ring type casting, when the cutter starts to perform cutting and milling, the cutter moves to a moving track with a cycloid circle diameter R, the cutter performs milling along the track with the cycloid circle diameter R, then the cutter performs annular movement along a reference surface on the inner side of the circular ring type casting according to a progressive distance X until the milling of the excess material of the blank of one layer is completed, and then performs milling of the excess material of the blank of the next layer according to the above.

Preferably, in the milling process of the groove type casting, when the cutter starts to perform cutting and milling, the cutter moves to a moving track with a cycloid circle diameter R, the cutter performs milling on the blank excess material on the inner side of the groove type casting along the track with the cycloid circle diameter R, then the cutter performs annular movement along a reference surface on the inner side of the groove type casting by a progressive distance X until milling of the blank excess material on one layer is completed, and then milling of the blank excess material on the next layer is performed according to the above.

Preferably, the difference in the cutting position of the milling cutter into the workpiece is manifested by a difference in the cutting width of the tool, and the relationship between the cutting width and the tool diameter is 2/3 (0.67) -4/5 (0.8) (cutting width/tool diameter).

Preferably, the tool feeding point is started to sequentially make the cycloidal circle tangent to the new offset curve along the clockwise direction according to the progressive distance X.

The invention provides a cycloid machining method for a large-allowance casting blank through improvement, and compared with the prior art, the cycloid machining method has the following improvement and advantages:

one is as follows: the invention can determine the path of the cutter, swing along the direction of the edge of a straight line, a circle or a component by circular movement, divide the material of the part to be cut in a blank workpiece into cutting layers with uniform thickness along the direction vertical to the swing direction of the cutter, and cut layer by layer in the swing process of the cutter, thereby avoiding the vibration and the cutter loss in the processing process caused by the larger fluctuation of the cutting force caused by the uneven blank;

the second step is as follows: the invention adopts a forward milling cutting mode under the same cutting depth, cuts layer by layer parallel to the edge of the part, and reduces the cutting depth to cut layer by layer so as to reduce the processing idle stroke;

the cycloid machining cutting force of the invention is relatively stable, the chip removal is smooth, the cooling is sufficient, the cycloid machining has good cutting conditions, and by utilizing the characteristics of large cutting depth and high rotating speed of cycloid machining, when a blank with large allowance and uneven is machined, the cycloid machining tool often has higher material removal rate than the traditional cutting mode, and the tool loss is obviously reduced.

Drawings

The invention is further explained below with reference to the figures and examples:

FIG. 1 is a cutting view of the milling cutter of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a plan type casting process of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a machining view of a ring-type casting of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a machining view of a groove-type casting of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in detail below, and technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a cycloid machining method for a large-allowance casting blank through improvement, and the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

as shown in fig. 1, in a cycloid machining method for a large-allowance casting blank, a reference surface of the casting is determined, the blank allowance thickness of the surface of the casting is determined, a cutter is fed in a spiral cycloid mode according to the blank allowance, the blank is milled by the cutter in a forward milling mode, when a milling cutter is cut into a workpiece blank, a cutter point is cut into the casting blank, the shearing force when the cutter point is cut into the casting blank is obviously smaller than that when a middle section of a cutting edge is cut into the casting blank, and the impact load during cutting is also smaller.

In the method, the cutter point of the milling cutter is cut into the casting blank, and under the condition that the rake angle combination of the milling cutter is the same, the cutting width of the cutter is different when the milling cutter is cut into the casting blank, and meanwhile, the impact load of each time of cutting into the casting blank is small, so that obvious vibration is not easy to form, and meanwhile, the contact time between the cutter and the casting blank is short, thereby reducing the loss of the cutter.

The cycloid machining method for the large-allowance casting blank is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:

step 1: determining the thickness S of the allowance of the casting blank according to the appearance of the machining reference surface of the casting;

step 2: determining the basic composition of the large-allowance uneven blank according to the casting datum plane;

and step 3: determining the number D of axial cutting layers according to the thickness S of the blank allowance;

and 4, step 4: setting tool cycloid processing data parameters including the height H of a tool, the diameter R of a tool cycloid circle, the progressive distance X of the tool cycloid and the axial cutting layer number D of the tool;

and 5: determining the height of cutter feeding, the spiral diameter of the cutter, the moving track of the cutter and the cutting depth of the cutter according to the processing data parameters in the step 4 to generate a cutter feeding track of the cutter;

step 6: determining the axial cutting times of the cutter according to the axial cutting layer number D of the cutter,

and 7: moving the cutter according to the feed tool path in the step 5, and milling the blank of the casting;

and 8: the cutter carries out deep milling on the casting blank according to the axial cutting times in the step 6;

and step 9: and (4) milling the cutter according to the steps 5, 6 and 7, adding tool retracting tool paths, and forming a complete processing tool path together with each layer of tool paths in the axial direction.

The invention can determine the path of the cutter, swings in the direction of a straight line, a circle or a component edge in a circular movement, divides the material of a part to be cut in a blank workpiece into cutting layers with uniform thickness along the direction vertical to the swinging direction of the cutter, and cuts the material layer by layer in the swinging process of the cutter, thereby avoiding the vibration and the cutter loss in the processing process caused by the larger fluctuation of the cutting force caused by the uneven blank.

The casting datum plane is respectively defined as a plane class, a circular ring class and a groove class according to three large-allowance uneven blank states, wherein the circular ring class is not limited to be a circular cavity, and closed cavities with other shapes are also included in the casting datum plane.

The method classifies common large-allowance uneven casting blanks in different forms, can quickly determine the casting types, and the uneven allowance of the machined surface is mostly the cutting residue of the casting head of the casting, so that the method is convenient for subsequent analysis.

As shown in fig. 2, in the milling process of the planar casting, when the tool starts to perform cutting and milling, the tool spirally moves from inside to outside until the tool moves to a moving track with a cycloid circle diameter R, the tool performs milling along the track with the cycloid circle diameter R and moves along a casting reference surface according to a progressive distance X at the same time of performing milling along the track with the cycloid circle diameter R until milling of the blank remainder of one layer is completed, and then performs milling of the remainder of the blank of the next layer according to the above.

The planar casting is milled rapidly through the steps, the blank allowance on the casting can be milled, meanwhile, the abrasion of a cutter can be reduced according to the method, and the milling efficiency of the casting is improved.

As shown in fig. 3, in the milling process of the circular ring type casting, when the tool starts to perform cutting and milling, the tool moves to a moving track with a cycloid circle diameter R, the tool performs milling along the track with the cycloid circle diameter R, and then the tool performs annular movement along a reference surface on the inner side of the circular ring type casting according to a progressive distance X until the milling of the excess material of one layer of the blank is completed, and then performs milling of the excess material of the next layer of the blank according to the above.

Due to the limitation of the appearance of the circular casting, the blank on the inner side of the casting can be milled through the cutter path generated by the cycloid machining programming, so that a milling cutter can swing along the direction of the inner edge of the circular casting, the material of the part to be cut in the blank workpiece is divided into cutting layers with uniform thickness along the direction vertical to the swing direction of the cutter, and the cutting layers are cut layer by layer in the swing process of the cutter, so that the vibration and the cutter loss in the machining process caused by the large fluctuation of the cutting force caused by the non-uniformity of the blank are avoided.

As shown in fig. 4, in the milling process of the groove castings, when the tool starts to perform cutting and milling, the tool moves to a moving track with a cycloid diameter R, the tool performs milling on the blank excess material on the inner side of the groove castings along the track with the cycloid diameter R, then the tool performs annular movement along the reference surface on the inner side of the groove castings by a progressive distance X until the milling of the blank excess material on one layer is completed, and then performs milling of the blank excess material on the next layer according to the above.

The cutter path generated by the cycloid machining programming can mill the blank on the inner side of the casting, so that the milling cutter can swing along the direction of the inner edge of the groove casting, the material of the part to be cut in the blank workpiece is divided into cutting layers with uniform thickness along the direction vertical to the swing direction of the cutter, and the cutting layers are cut layer by layer in the swing process of the cutter, so that the vibration and the cutter loss in the machining process caused by the fact that the blank is not uniform and the cutting force is large in fluctuation are avoided.

The difference in the cutting position of the milling cutter into the workpiece is manifested by the difference in the cutting width of the cutter, and the relationship between the cutting width and the diameter of the cutter is 2/3 (0.67) -4/5 (0.8) (cutting width/diameter of cutter).

The mode that the shearing force when the tool tip cuts into the workpiece is obviously smaller than the mode that the middle section of the cutting edge cuts into the workpiece, the impact load during cutting is also smaller, meanwhile, under the condition that the rake angle combination of the milling cutter is the same, the difference of the cutting position of the milling cutter cutting into the workpiece is externally shown as the difference of the cutting width of the cutter, the relation between the cutting width and the diameter of the cutter is 2/3 (0.67) -4/5 (0.8) (cutting width/diameter of the cutter), and the condition that the wrap angle between the cutter and the workpiece is too large is not easy to occur when corners and the like are machined, so that the cutting width is reduced, and the impact load is reduced.

And the cutter feeding point is started to sequentially make the cycloidal circle tangent with the new offset curve along the clockwise direction according to the progressive distance X.

The impact load to which the cutting edge is subjected is small every time the milling cutter cuts, the impact load cannot exceed the limit borne by the cutter, and the blade is not easy to break.

The working principle is as follows: determining a cycloidal cutting method using planes, rings and grooves according to the shape of a reference surface of a casting, then determining the thickness S of the allowance of a casting blank according to the shape of a processing reference surface of the casting when in use, then determining the basic composition of the blank with large allowance and uneven allowance according to the reference surface of the casting, then determining the axial cutting layer number D according to the thickness S of the allowance of the blank, then setting tool cycloidal processing data parameters comprising the height H of a tool, the diameter R of a tool cycloidal circle, the progressive distance X of the tool cycloidal and the axial cutting layer number D of the tool, determining the processing data parameters to determine the height of the tool feeding, the spiral diameter of the tool, the moving track of the tool and the cutting depth of the tool according to the data H, R and D, generating a tool feeding tool path, determining the axial cutting times of the tool according to the axial cutting layer number D of the tool, and moving the tool according to the tool feeding path, milling the casting blank, and deeply milling the casting blank by the cutter according to the axial cutting times in the step 6; and milling the cutter according to the height of feed, the spiral diameter of the cutter, the moving track of the cutter and the cutting depth of the cutter, forming a complete processing track by the cutter and each layer of axial tool path, and finally performing tool withdrawal after milling the blank of the casting.

The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.