阅读说明：本技术 一种含有香茅的饲料添加剂及其制备方法 (Feed additive containing citronella and preparation method thereof ) 是由 周丽珠 曾永明 谷瑶 杨漓 于 2020-06-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种含有香茅的饲料添加剂及其制备方法,由发酵菌种和以下重量份数的原料混合发酵制成：香茅叶或香茅渣750～900份、八角渣150～300份、柠檬桉叶100～200份、油茶粕300～450份、肉桂渣150～300份,混匀后采用水提取后得提取液和浸提废渣,浸提废渣和香茅叶作为固态发酵基质,混合固体发酵菌,海藻糖和蔗糖作为碳源,硫酸铵作为氮源,经固态发酵,经烘干、粉碎,压制成颗粒,混合日粮喂养；提取液经减压浓缩,混合液体发酵菌(保加利亚乳杆菌、酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌)和海藻糖,液态发酵,过滤,滤液作为饲料添加剂。本发明的香茅饲料添加剂营养价值高、适口性好,不仅能提高禽兽的抗病性,禽兽的增重效果显著,还能提高肉质及去除肉腥味。(The invention discloses a feed additive containing citronella and a preparation method thereof, wherein the feed additive is prepared by mixing and fermenting a fermentation strain and the following raw materials in parts by weight: 750-900 parts of citronella leaves or citronella residues, 150-300 parts of anise residues, 100-200 parts of lemon eucalyptus leaves, 300-450 parts of oil tea meal and 150-300 parts of cinnamon residues, uniformly mixing, extracting with water to obtain an extracting solution and extraction waste residues, taking the extraction waste residues and citronella leaves as solid fermentation substrates, mixing solid fermentation bacteria, trehalose and sucrose as carbon sources, taking ammonium sulfate as a nitrogen source, performing solid fermentation, drying, crushing, pressing into granules, and feeding the granules by mixing with daily ration; concentrating the extractive solution under reduced pressure, mixing with liquid zymocyte (Lactobacillus bulgaricus, yeast, Bacillus subtilis) and trehalose, fermenting in liquid state, filtering, and making filtrate as feed additive. The citronella feed additive has high nutritive value and good palatability, can improve the disease resistance of the livestock, has obvious weight gain effect of the livestock, and can improve the meat quality and remove the meat fishy smell.)

1. A feed additive containing citronella is characterized in that: the material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 750-900 parts of citronella slag after extraction of citronella leaves or volatile oil, 150-300 parts of anise residues, 100-200 parts of eucalyptus citriodora leaves, 150-300 parts of cinnamon residues, 300-400 parts of oil-tea meal, 1.0-2.5 parts of liquid fermentation composite bacteria and 2.0-3.5 parts of solid fermentation mixed bacteria; the liquid fermentation composite bacteria comprise lactobacillus bulgaricus, saccharomycetes and bacillus subtilis, and the solid fermentation mixed bacteria comprise actinomycetes, saccharomycetes and aspergillus niger.

2. The feed additive of claim 1, wherein the feed additive comprises at least one of: the lemongrass isCymbopogon citratus(DC.) Stapf forage type lemongrass.

3. The feed additive of claim 1, wherein the feed additive comprises at least one of: the liquid fermentation composite bacteria comprise lactobacillus bulgaricus, saccharomycetes and bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 0.5:1.0: 1.5.

4. The feed additive for citronella according to claim 1, wherein: the solid fermentation composite bacteria comprise actinomycetes, northern anserine cyanobacteria and aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 0.5:1.0: 1.5.

5. The feed additive of claim 1, wherein the feed additive comprises at least one of: the citronella is sun-dried citronella leaves or citronella residue left after essential oil extraction.

6. The feed additive of claim 2, wherein the feed additive comprises at least one of: and when the citronella is harvested every time, harvesting the citronella from 10-15 cm above the stem.

7. The method for preparing a feed additive containing citronella according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing citronella, anise residues, cinnamon residues and tea seed meal, leaching with water, filtering, concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure, adding liquid fermentation complex bacteria, trehalose and sucrose as carbon sources, ammonium sulfate as nitrogen sources, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 30-40 days at 25-30 ℃ in a sealed environment and with the pH of 4-7 to obtain a citronella liquid feed additive; mixing the filter residues with citronella leaves, fermenting for 40-50 days at 25-37 ℃, drying, crushing, pressing into a granular cylinder shape, and preparing the citronella solid feed additive.

8. The use of a feed additive comprising citronella as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the feed additive is applied to feeding of chickens, ducks or geese.

9. The use of a feed additive comprising citronella according to claim 7, wherein: the feed additive is added in an amount of 5-15% and is uniformly mixed with basic ration or feed to be fed.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and particularly relates to a feed additive containing citronella and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Growth promoting health agents such as antibiotics, chemosynthetic drugs, hormones, beta-stimulants, heavy metals, sedatives and the like are widely used in animal feeding. The application history of growth promoting health agents such as antibiotics in feed is long, and the growth promoting health agents create the revolution of the breeding industry and the feed industry, so that the large-scale breeding is rapidly developed in the world, and the production quantity of animals and the feed conversion rate are greatly improved. However, the use of non-green feed additives such as antibiotics for a long time has caused the following problems: the drug residue in livestock, poultry and aquatic products is serious, and the human health is directly harmed; the quality of livestock and aquatic products is reduced, and the market competitiveness and the trust sense are lacked; the drug resistance of bacteria is enhanced, drug-resistant strains are increased, and the safety of human beings is threatened; destroying the ecological environment and the like.

Currently the department of agriculture has issued regulations relating to: all varieties of growth-promoting drug feed additives except the traditional Chinese medicines are quitted from 1/2020, veterinary drug production enterprises stop producing, imported veterinary drug agents stop importing corresponding veterinary drug products, and corresponding veterinary drug product approval documents and imported veterinary drug registration certificates are cancelled at the same time. From 7/1/2020, feed manufacturers stop producing commercial feeds containing growth-promoting drug feed additives (except traditional Chinese medicines). Therefore, the search for alternatives to antibiotics is an urgent need in today's society.

Cymbopogon citratus, also known as Paris polyphylla, is a perennial herb of the genus Imperata, Poaceae. Is distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei and other places in China. The lemongrass contains active ingredients such as tannin, protein, anthraquinone, flavonoid, phenol, volatile oil and the like, and also contains rich nutrient substances such as protein, fat, crude fiber and the like. The lemongrass emits a natural and strong lemon fragrance and has special effects of harmonizing stomach, ventilating, restoring consciousness and promoting estrus. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of the perfume market, the citronella is planted in a large scale currently, fresh grass of the citronella is mainly used for extracting 0.7-1% of volatile oil as essence, and 95-99% of leftovers are discarded.

Also currently in relation to the use of citronella residue as a feed additive, for example, CN 201611091810.8 discloses a method for preparing a feed additive from citronella residue, comprising the following processes: mixing Trichoderma koningii, Aspergillus usamii and Geotrichum candidum according to the ratio of 1-1.5: 1-1.5 to prepare a compound enzyme, and placing the compound enzyme into an incubator for expanded culture to obtain a compound fermentation strain; adding a compound fermentation strain accounting for 1% of the weight of the residue into the lemongrass residue, the aniseed residue and the cassia bark residue, adding a proper amount of water to keep the water content of the mixture at 40-50%, and uniformly stirring the mixture by using a stirrer to obtain a mixture; putting the mixture into a fermentation tank, sealing and fermenting at 26-28 ℃, wherein the fermentation time is 72 h, and discharging to obtain a fermentation material; feeding the fermented material into a drying device, and drying at 80 deg.C until the water content is less than 12%; the dried material is crushed by a crusher and then sieved by a 60-mesh sieve. The scheme makes full use of waste, is used for breeding, and has good health promotion effect on raised livestock. However, the lemongrass residues are required to be fermented, the raw material proportion is unreasonable, the fermentation effect of the adopted fermentation strain is poor and the like, so that the lemongrass is not ideal for the weight increment, meat quality improvement and disease prevention of poultry such as chickens, ducks and geese when being used as a feed additive. In addition, the lemongrass contains myrcene, so that the livestock and poultry cannot accept the stimulated taste, and the palatability of the livestock and poultry is poor. Therefore, the citronella grass is difficult to be directly raised as a pasture variety for livestock and poultry at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a feed additive containing citronella and a preparation method thereof. The feed additive provided by the invention takes forestry processing residues as raw materials, and is added with the composite strain for fermentation, so that the prepared feed additive has no unpleasant pungent smell and good palatability, can improve the disease resistance of the poultry and the livestock, has a remarkable weight increasing effect of the poultry and the livestock, and can improve the meat quality and remove the fishy smell of the meat.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a feed additive containing citronella comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 750-900 parts of citronella slag after extraction of citronella leaves or volatile oil, 150-300 parts of anise residues, 100-200 parts of eucalyptus citriodora leaves, 150-300 parts of cinnamon residues, 300-400 parts of oil-tea meal, 1.0-2.5 parts of liquid fermentation composite bacteria and 2.0-3.5 parts of solid fermentation mixed bacteria; the liquid fermentation composite bacteria comprise lactobacillus bulgaricus, saccharomycetes and bacillus subtilis, and the solid fermentation mixed bacteria comprise actinomycetes, saccharomycetes and aspergillus niger.

Further, the lemongrass isCymbopogon citratus(DC.) Stapf forage type lemongrass.

Further, the liquid fermentation composite bacteria comprise lactobacillus bulgaricus, saccharomycetes and bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 0.5:1.0: 1.5.

Further, the solid fermentation composite bacteria comprise actinomycetes, saccharophila georgi and aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 0.5:1.0: 1.5.

Further, the citronella is sun-dried citronella leaves or citronella residue left after essential oil extraction.

Furthermore, when the citronella is harvested every time, harvesting is started from 10-15 cm above the stem.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the feed additive containing the citronella, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing citronella, anise residues, cinnamon residues and tea seed meal, leaching with water, filtering, concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure, adding liquid fermentation complex bacteria, trehalose and sucrose as carbon sources, ammonium sulfate as nitrogen sources, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 30-40 days at 25-30 ℃ in a sealed environment and with the pH of 4-7 to obtain a citronella liquid feed additive; mixing the filter residues with citronella leaves, fermenting for 40-50 days at 25-37 ℃, drying, crushing, pressing into a granular cylinder (d1.0cm, h2.0cm) to prepare the citronella solid feed additive.

Further, the feed additive is applied to the feeding of chickens, ducks or geese.

Furthermore, the feed additive is added in an amount of 5-15% and is uniformly mixed with basic ration or feed to be fed.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:

1. the feed additive provided by the invention takes the forestry processing residues such as citronella, aniseed residues, cinnamon residues, oil tea meal and the like as raw materials, is soaked and extracted by water, and then is added with solid fermentation mixed bacteria and liquid fermentation strains for fermentation, so that the prepared feed additive has no unpleasant pungent smell and good palatability; can improve the disease resistance of the livestock, has more obvious weight gain effect of the livestock, and can also improve the meat quality and remove the fishy smell of the meat.

2. According to the invention, the camellia oleifera seed cake is added into the feed additive, the main components of the camellia oleifera seed cake are crude protein, fat, saccharides, fibers, tea saponin and other effective components, the weight increment of livestock and poultry can be promoted, the propagation of zymophyte is facilitated, the tea saponin can improve the disease resistance of chickens, ducks and geese, the camellia oleifera seed cake has the fragrance of tea oil, and the palatability of animals can be improved.

3. The variety of the lemongrass is hundreds of, but the biological yield, the volatile oil content and the main component content of each variety are greatly different, and long-term test results of the inventor find that the invention adopts forage grass type lemongrass (citronella)Cymbopogon citratus(DC.) Stapf), compared with other lemongrass, the myrcene content in the main component of the lemongrass is obviously reduced (less than 15 percent), and the palatability of livestock and poultry to the feed can be obviously improved; the citronella grass of the variety can grow in low-temperature winter, and the problems that the citronella grass cannot live through the winter at present and the feed additive for livestock and poultry is in short supply are solved; the citronella biomass of the variety is large, the acre yield can be increased by 1-2 times compared with the common citronella acre yield, and the life cycle can be prolonged by 2-3 years compared with other varieties; the variety of the citronella can overcome the defects of poor palatability, low yield, low economic benefit and the like when the existing citronella is used as a feed additive.

4. The harvesting part starts to harvest from 10-15 cm above the leaves during the harvesting of the citronella, the harvested citronella can grow rapidly by the harvesting part, the citronella can be harvested once in 2 months, the harvesting period is shortened obviously, and the economic benefit is improved obviously.

The invention takes lactobacillus bulgaricus, saccharomycetes and bacillus subtilis as liquid fermentation strains, and takes actinomycetes, northern anserine cyanobacteria and aspergillus niger as solid fermentation mixed bacteria. The feed additive obtained after fermentation is beneficial to degradation of pectin, cellulose and lignin, and effective compounds such as protein, neral, geranial, cinnamaldehyde and total flavone are obviously increased, so that the palatability of the feed is improved, the feed additive is beneficial to absorption of animals on the feed, and the feeding effect is improved; and the eurotium cristatum is not only beneficial to conditioning intestines and stomach of animals, but also can give out fragrance, and the palatability of the feed is improved.

5. The feed additive provided by the invention can be added into feed in an amount of 5-15%, so that the feed cost can be obviously reduced, the neck of the goose of the raised chicken and duck is smooth, no fishy smell exists, the amino acid content in the goose is increased, the meat quality of the feed additive is obviously superior to that of the feed chicken and duck on the market, the selling price of the feed additive is higher than that of the feed chicken and duck on the market, and the income of farmers is obviously increased. The feed additive has good social benefit and economic benefit, has good market promotion prospect, and is expected to become a substitute of antibiotics.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention or its application.

The lemongrass species have obvious difference in appearance and physical and chemical properties, and most families have different contents of biological yield, volatile oil and main components. The applicant has found through long-term research that the following differences exist in the main components and biological yields of common lemon (oil type) citronella varieties and forage type citronella varieties used in the present application. Specifically, as shown in Table 1, 1-3 are common oil lemon lemongrass varieties; 4-6 are forage grass type lemongrass varieties.

Table 1: biological yield, volatile oil and main component content of different lemon lemongrass

Therefore, the invention adopts forage grass type lemongrass (a)Cymbopogon citratus(DC.) Stapf is used as a raw material, compared with other lemongrass, the myrcene content in the main components of the lemongrass is obviously reduced (less than 15 percent), and the palatability of livestock and poultry to the feed can be obviously improved; the citronella grass of the variety can grow in low-temperature winter, and the problems that the citronella grass cannot live through the winter at present and the feed additive for livestock and poultry is in short supply are solved; the citronella biomass of the variety is large, and the acre yield can be increased by 1-2 times compared with the acre yield of the common citronella.

Secondly, the inventor also finds that the citronella is harvested from 10-15 cm above the stem after each harvest, so that the harvested citronella can grow rapidly, the citronella can be harvested once in 2 months, and compared with the common flat land harvest, the harvest period is shortened by 15-30 days.