阅读说明：本技术 加速蓄电池电极表面气体脱附、扩散的方法及蓄电池 (Method for accelerating desorption and diffusion of gas on surface of storage battery electrode and storage battery ) 是由 刘小锋 邓超龙 张仁银 孟刚 徐建刚 夏诗忠 刘长来 于 2019-09-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种加速蓄电池电极表面气体脱附、扩散的方法及制备的蓄电池,进行阀控蓄电池极板涂填时在极板的铅膏表面涂覆一层玻璃纤维薄膜；在配置阀控蓄电池硫酸电解液时添加占电解液量的10ppm-200ppm的AT-470有机硅消泡剂,并添加硫酸钠、硫酸钾中的一种或两种；阀控铅酸蓄电池的安全阀开阀压力为20kpa-50kpa。与现有技术相比,本发明减少气体在活性物质内部及电极表面的吸附,避免析出的气体在电极表面富集形成较大的气泡,减少气泡从电解液中溢出,提高了阀控铅酸蓄电池的大电流放电性能(低温大电流放电10s电压提升0.15-0.20V),并降低电池失水(60℃水损耗测试失水量降低约50%)。(A method for accelerating the desorption and diffusion of gas on the surface of a storage battery electrode and a prepared storage battery are disclosed, wherein a layer of glass fiber film is coated on the surface of lead paste of a polar plate when the polar plate of a valve-controlled storage battery is coated and filled; adding an AT-470 organic silicon defoaming agent accounting for 10-200 ppm of the electrolyte amount and one or two of sodium sulfate and potassium sulfate when preparing a sulfuric acid electrolyte of a valve-regulated storage battery; the valve opening pressure of a safety valve of the valve-regulated lead-acid storage battery is 20-50 kpa. Compared with the prior art, the adsorption of gas in the active substance and on the surface of the electrode is reduced, the separated gas is prevented from being enriched on the surface of the electrode to form larger bubbles, the bubbles are prevented from overflowing from the electrolyte, the high-current discharge performance of the valve-controlled lead-acid storage battery is improved (the voltage is increased by 0.15-0.20V by 10s of low-temperature high-current discharge), and the water loss of the battery is reduced (the water loss is reduced by about 50% in a 60 ℃ water loss test).)

1. A method for accelerating the desorption and diffusion of gas on the surface of a storage battery electrode is characterized by comprising the following steps: coating a layer of glass fiber film on the surface of lead paste of the plate when the valve-controlled storage battery plate is coated and filled; when preparing a sulfuric acid electrolyte of a valve-controlled storage battery, adding an organic silicon defoaming agent accounting for 10-200 ppm of the electrolyte, and adding one or two of sodium sulfate and potassium sulfate; the valve opening pressure of a safety valve of the valve-regulated lead-acid storage battery is 20-50 kpa.

2. The method for accelerating the desorption and diffusion of gas on the surface of the electrode of the storage battery according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: after the lead plaster is prepared, when the pole plate is coated and filled, coating a layer of 0.1-0.5 mm glass fiber film on the lead plaster surface of the positive and negative pole plates respectively, curing and drying the positive and negative pole plates respectively, and assembling the positive and negative pole plates and the AGM separator into a dry-charged battery; adding an organic silicon defoaming agent accounting for 10-200 ppm of the electrolyte into a sulfuric acid electrolyte; sodium sulfate accounting for 0.20-1.0% of the electrolyte amount or/and potassium sulfate accounting for 0.25-1.00%, wherein the total addition amount of the sodium sulfate and the potassium sulfate is not lower than 0.70% and not higher than 1.3%, an organic silicon defoamer, the potassium sulfate and the sodium sulfate are added into the electrolyte and then are uniformly mixed, the electrolyte is added into a dry-charged battery for formation, and the density of the formed electrolyte is 1.30-1.32 g/ml; after formation, a safety valve with the valve opening pressure of 20-50kpa and the valve closing pressure of 15-45kpa is arranged on the acid injection hole, and the valve-controlled lead-acid storage battery is prepared.

3. The method for accelerating the desorption and diffusion of the gas on the surface of the electrode of the storage battery according to claim 1 or 2, which comprises the following steps: the thickness of the glass fiber film under 10kpa is 0.1mm-0.5mm, and the apparent porosity of the glass fiber film is not less than 93%.

4. The method for accelerating the desorption and diffusion of the gas on the surface of the electrode of the storage battery according to claim 1 or 2, which comprises the following steps: the valve closing pressure of the safety valve is 5-10kpa lower than the valve opening pressure, and the minimum value of the valve closing pressure is not lower than 15 kpa.

5. The method for accelerating the desorption and diffusion of the gas on the surface of the electrode of the storage battery according to claim 1 or 2, which comprises the following steps: the organic silicon defoaming agent is AT-470 organic silicon defoaming agent.

6. A valve-regulated lead-acid battery prepared by the method for accelerating the desorption and diffusion of gas on the surface of the electrode of the battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of lead-acid storage batteries, and particularly relates to a method for accelerating gas desorption and diffusion on the surface of an electrode of a valve-regulated lead-acid storage battery, and the valve-regulated lead-acid storage battery prepared by the method.

Background

In the process of charging or floating charging of the battery, the positive active material and the negative active material of the lead-acid storage battery release gas, the positive active material separates out oxygen, and the negative active material separates out hydrogen. These precipitated gases are accumulated in the active material and on the electrode surface to some extent, and are separated from the electrode surface by the buoyancy of the bubbles themselves and overflow from the electrolyte. When the polar plate of the existing lead-acid storage battery is produced and manufactured, wood pulp coated paper is adhered to the surface of the polar plate coated and filled with lead paste, a large amount of micro bubbles adsorbed inside active materials or on the surface of an electrode are adsorbed in the charging or float charging process, and due to the existence of the electrode surface coated paper, precipitated gas cannot be effectively desorbed and diffused, particularly, the precipitated oxygen cannot be effectively diffused to a negative electrode to be reduced, bubble aggregation is increased, and the bubble overflow from the liquid level causes the dehydration of the battery to be increased. When the storage battery is discharged at a large current, the bubbles occupy the surface area of the active substance, the effective area of the active substance directly participating in electrochemical reaction is reduced, and meanwhile, the diffusion of the electrolyte is retarded by the existence of a large number of micro bubbles, so that the large-current discharge performance of the storage battery is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for accelerating gas desorption and diffusion on the surface of an electrode of a valve-regulated lead-acid storage battery, which can effectively improve the large-current discharge performance and the water loss performance of the valve-regulated lead-acid storage battery.

The invention also aims to provide the valve-regulated lead-acid storage battery prepared by the method.

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: coating a layer of glass fiber film on the surface of lead paste of the plate when the valve-controlled storage battery plate is coated and filled; when preparing a sulfuric acid electrolyte of a valve-controlled storage battery, adding an organic silicon defoaming agent accounting for 10-200 ppm of the electrolyte, and adding one or two of sodium sulfate and potassium sulfate; the valve opening pressure of a safety valve of the valve-regulated lead-acid storage battery is 20-50 kpa.

After the lead plaster is prepared, when the pole plate is coated and filled, a layer of 0.1-0.5 mm glass fiber film is coated on the surfaces of the lead plaster of the positive and negative pole plates respectively, and after the positive and negative pole plates are cured and dried respectively, the positive and negative pole plates and the AGM separator are assembled into a dry-charged battery; adding an organic silicon defoaming agent accounting for 10-200 ppm of the electrolyte into a sulfuric acid electrolyte; sodium sulfate accounting for 0.20-1.0% of the electrolyte amount or/and potassium sulfate accounting for 0.25-1.00%, wherein the total addition amount of the sodium sulfate and the potassium sulfate is not lower than 0.70% and not higher than 1.3%, an organic silicon defoamer, the potassium sulfate and the sodium sulfate are added into the electrolyte and then are uniformly mixed, the electrolyte is added into a dry-charged battery for formation, and the density of the formed electrolyte is 1.30-1.32 g/ml; after formation, a safety valve with the valve opening pressure of 20-50kpa and the valve closing pressure of 15-45kpa is arranged on the acid injection hole, and the valve-controlled lead-acid storage battery is prepared.

The thickness of the glass fiber film is 0.1-0.5 mm under 10kpa, and the apparent porosity of the glass fiber film is not lower than 93%.

The valve closing pressure of the safety valve is 5-10kpa lower than the valve opening pressure, and the minimum value of the valve closing pressure is not lower than 15 kpa.

The organic silicon defoaming agent is AT-470 organic silicon defoaming agent (a product produced by south China sea field chemical Co., Ltd., Fushan City).

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1) the invention uses the glass fiber film to replace wood pulp coated paper to coat the surface of the polar plate, so that gas precipitated in the active substance or on the surface of the electrode is easier to diffuse into the electrolyte and the separator along the gap between the glass fiber and the glass fiber, and the adsorption of the gas in the active substance and on the surface of the electrode is reduced.

2) According to the invention, the acid-resistant surfactant is added into the electrolyte, so that the separated gas is prevented from being enriched on the surface of the electrode to form larger bubbles, and the bubbles are reduced from overflowing from the electrolyte.

3) The invention ensures the pressure in the storage battery by controlling the pressure of the on-off valve, slows down the overflow of gas from the electrolyte, promotes the oxygen separated out from the anode to reach the cathode more effectively for compounding, further enables the cathode electrode to shift positively, and reduces the hydrogen separation from the cathode while reducing the overflow of the anode oxygen from the electrolyte level.

Through the effective measures, the high-current discharge performance of the valve-controlled lead-acid storage battery is improved (the voltage is increased by 0.15-0.20V after the low-temperature high-current discharge is carried out for 10 s), and the water loss of the battery is reduced (the water loss is reduced by about 50% in a water loss test at 60 ℃).

Detailed Description

Where not described in embodiments of the present invention are of known prior art.