阅读说明：本技术 一种先发酵干燥后分类的湿垃圾处理方法 (Wet garbage treatment method for firstly fermenting, drying and then classifying ) 是由 宋礼毓 王宁 于 2019-07-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种先发酵干燥后分类的湿垃圾处理方法,涉及环保领域,其主要解决了垃圾处理现行工艺上必须先进行分类后进行处理的问题,此方法主要包括的步骤为发酵、干燥、初级筛选、二级筛选、三级筛选、四级筛选,先把有机垃圾进行发酵干燥处理后,剩下无机不可分解的干燥垃圾通过过筛、风捡、磁力、重力等方法分拣后根据实际成分回收利用。本发明的有益效果是,整个处理过程中由于先发酵干燥去掉了臭味,分拣时无异味采用设备分类大大降低了人工成本和时间成本。(The invention discloses a wet garbage treatment method for firstly fermenting, drying and then classifying, which relates to the field of environmental protection and mainly solves the problem that the garbage treatment needs to be carried out after classifying in the existing process. The invention has the advantages that in the whole treatment process, the odor is removed by fermentation and drying, and the labor cost and the time cost are greatly reduced by adopting equipment classification without odor during sorting.)

1. A wet garbage treatment method for fermentation drying and classification is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, fermentation: placing the packaged garbage on a conveyor belt, putting the garbage into a low-temperature vacuum dryer through the conveyor belt, putting fermentation strains into the low-temperature vacuum dryer for microbial inoculation, setting the temperature and humidity, fermenting,

step two, drying: starting the low-temperature vacuum drier, raising the temperature, reducing the atmospheric pressure, drying the garbage,

step three, primary screening: taking out the garbage in the low-temperature vacuum drier, placing the garbage in a rolling sieve, placing a collecting box below the rolling sieve, starting the rolling sieve to rotate, screening out glycolysis organic products with smaller particle size, and collecting the products in the collecting box,

step four, secondary screening: a fan is arranged at the tail end of the rolling screen, when the rolling screen rotates, the fan is started to blow away lighter plastic products in the rolling screen, a collection box is arranged at the inlet end of the rolling screen to recycle the plastic products,

step five, third-level screening: the garbage in the rolling sieve is taken out and placed on a conveyor belt, powerful magnets are arranged on the inner sides of two ends of the conveyor belt, the conveyor belt is started to run, the garbage runs on the conveyor belt, a collecting box is placed below the conveyor belt, when the garbage passes through, metal capable of being attracted by the powerful magnets rotates to the lower side around the conveyor belt, other garbage falls off, when the metal capable of being attracted by the powerful magnets is driven by the conveyor belt to leave the powerful magnets, the metal falls into the collecting box under the action of gravity,

step six, four-stage screening: when other garbage is separated from the conveyor belt, the garbage with different weight moves forwards at different speed and at different falling positions, and the garbage is collected into the sorting mechanism according to the weight.

2. The method for treating wet garbage through fermentation, drying and sorting according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in the low-temperature vacuum dryer is set at 80 ℃ in the first step, the humidity is kept at 75%, and the fermentation time is about 1 hour.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature is raised to 120 ℃ and the vacuum degree is maintained at-0.08 atm in the second step.

4. The method for wet garbage disposal according to claim 1, wherein the size of the rolling screen in step three is 1-2 mm.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conveyor belt in the fifth step is an inclined conveyor belt.

6. The wet garbage disposal method according to claim 1, wherein the sorting mechanism in the sixth step comprises a sorting bin (1), the upper surface of the sorting bin (1) is an inclined surface, a plurality of material guide plates (2) are mounted on the upper surface of the sorting bin (1), baffle plates (3) are mounted on two sides of the upper surface of the material guide plates (2), the material guide plates (2) which go backwards are sequentially lowered, the frontmost material guide plate (2) extends to the lower part of the conveyor belt, gaps exist between the material guide plates (2), a plurality of partition plates (4) are mounted in the sorting bin (1), and the partition plates (4) are fixedly connected with the higher end of the lower surface of the material guide plates (2).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection, in particular to a wet garbage treatment method for classifying after fermentation and drying.

Background

The garbage classification refers to a general term of a series of activities for classifying, storing, putting in and carrying garbage according to a certain regulation or standard so as to be converted into public resources, the classification aims to improve the resource value and economic value of the garbage, the improvement of the quality of life is accompanied by increasing amount of domestic garbage, great pressure is applied to the environment, the phenomenon of garbage enclosing city appears in some cities, and even though various attempts and efforts are made in the field of garbage classification in China, such as propagations of garbage classification knowledge and significance through media, direct calls of departments walking into communities, government making a series of related laws and regulations and the like, the effect is very little. The main reasons are as follows:

(1) residents lack the sense of garbage classification: according to the investigation, the nearly eighty-percent residents show that the consciousness and the idea of classified throwing are not existed when throwing garbage everyday, the attention of the residents to the classified identification of the garbage can is low, the garbage thrown into the classified garbage can is rarely paid and is not paid, the convenience is only sought, even some people think that the garbage is placed into the garbage can to be environment-friendly, so that almost all the garbage in the classified garbage can is mixed, meanwhile, the concepts of the residents to the recyclable and non-recyclable garbage are fuzzy, the residents only think that the recyclable garbage is available, the recyclable garbage is sold for money, the significance of garbage classification is unknown, the classified garbage can be visited by sanitation workers or wasters for many times, most of the garbage which can be recycled by locomotives is picked up, finally, the sanitation departments still pour all the garbage into the garbage and pull together when collecting the garbage, and the residents think that the effect of garbage classification at the source is not uniform, gradually loses the power of garbage classification;

(2) garbage classification lacks mandatory constraints: the garbage classification work in China has no restriction mechanism and no encouragement mechanism on a legislative level, and is a big problem, the garbage classification work cannot be fundamentally promoted only by adopting propaganda means at the present stage by related national institutions such as governments, and in Japan, if residents do not classify garbage, sanitation workers cannot collect the garbage, and can be sent back to the door opening even if the residents throw the garbage into a garbage can;

(3) the shortage of basic equipment and capital investment for garbage treatment is caused by limited manpower and material resources: the sanitation department adopts a single garbage truck, and related organization personnel indicate that if real classification is realized, different vehicles are dispatched to transport different garbage after the classified garbage can is thrown in, and after rough measurement and calculation, at least thousands of trolleys are added for classified transportation, so that the pressure on traffic is huge, and the garbage is treated in a treatment link, and China almost has no special treatment equipment for various types of recyclable garbage, so that the garbage classification faces great difficulty.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a wet garbage treatment method which comprises the steps of fermenting, drying and classifying, has the advantage that garbage can be firstly fermented and dried and then classified by various methods, and solves the defects that the methods of burying, burning and the like of the garbage pollute the environment and are inconvenient to recycle the garbage.

The invention aims to solve the problems and designs a wet garbage treatment method which comprises the steps of fermentation, drying and classification.

The technical scheme of the invention is that the wet garbage treatment method comprises the following steps:

step one, fermentation: placing the packaged garbage on a conveyor belt, putting the garbage into a low-temperature vacuum dryer through the conveyor belt, putting fermentation strains into the low-temperature vacuum dryer for microbial inoculation, setting the temperature and humidity, fermenting,

step two, drying: starting the low-temperature vacuum drier, raising the temperature, reducing the atmospheric pressure, drying the garbage,

step three, primary screening: taking out the garbage in the low-temperature vacuum drier, placing the garbage in a rolling sieve, placing a collecting box below the rolling sieve, starting the rolling sieve to rotate, screening out glycolysis organic products with smaller particle size, and collecting the products in the collecting box,

step four, secondary screening: a fan is arranged at the tail end of the rolling screen, when the rolling screen rotates, the fan is started to blow away lighter plastic products in the rolling screen, a collection box is arranged at the inlet end of the rolling screen to recycle the plastic products,

step five, third-level screening: the garbage in the rolling sieve is taken out and placed on a conveyor belt, powerful magnets are arranged on the inner sides of two ends of the conveyor belt, the conveyor belt is started to run, the garbage runs on the conveyor belt, a collecting box is placed below the conveyor belt, when the garbage passes through, metal capable of being attracted by the powerful magnets rotates to the lower side around the conveyor belt, other garbage falls off, when the metal capable of being attracted by the powerful magnets is driven by the conveyor belt to leave the powerful magnets, the metal falls into the collecting box under the action of gravity,

step six, four-stage screening: when other garbage is separated from the conveyor belt, the garbage with different weight moves forwards at different speed and at different falling positions, and the garbage is collected into the sorting mechanism according to the weight.

In the first step, the temperature in the low-temperature vacuum dryer is set at 80 ℃, the humidity is kept at 75%, and the fermentation time is about 1 hour.

In the second step, the temperature is raised to 120 ℃, and the vacuum degree is maintained at-0.08 atmospheric pressure.

And the size of the screen of the rolling screen in the third step is 1-2 mm.

The conveyor belt in the step five is an obliquely placed conveyor belt.

The sorting mechanism in the sixth step comprises a sorting box, the upper surface of the sorting box is an inclined plane, a plurality of material guide plates are arranged on the upper surface of the sorting box, baffle plates are arranged on two sides of the upper surface of the material guide plates, the material guide plates which go backwards are sequentially lowered, the material guide plate at the forefront extends to the lower side of the conveyor belt, gaps exist among the material guide plates, a plurality of partition plates are arranged in the sorting box, and the partition plates are fixedly connected with the higher end of the lower surface of the material guide plate.

The wet garbage treatment method which is manufactured by the technical scheme of the invention and comprises the steps of fermentation, drying and classification can degrade and recover organic wastes such as kitchen garbage and the like on the premise of inaccurate classification of the garbage, high-quality feed or fertilizer is formed by fermentation treatment, chemical synthetic materials such as plastic and the like which cannot be degraded can be accurately classified and recovered, the energy consumption is low, and the garbage is changed into valuable.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a wet waste treatment process of the present invention involving fermentation drying followed by classification;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the sorting mechanism of the present invention;

the device comprises a sorting box 1, a sorting box 2, a material guide plate 3, a baffle plate 4 and a partition plate.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings, as shown in fig. 1-2.

In this embodiment, a method for treating wet garbage by fermentation, drying and classification comprises the following steps: step one, fermentation: putting the packaged garbage on a conveyor belt, putting the garbage into a low-temperature vacuum dryer through the conveyor belt, putting fermentation strains into the low-temperature vacuum dryer for microbial inoculation, setting the temperature and humidity, fermenting, and drying: starting a low-temperature vacuum dryer, raising the temperature, reducing the atmospheric pressure, drying the garbage, and performing primary screening: taking out the rubbish in the low-temperature vacuum drying machine, placing in the roll screen, placing the collecting box below the roll screen, starting the roll screen to rotate, screening out the glycolysis organic product with smaller particle size, and falling into the collecting box to be collected, step four, the screening of second grade: put the fan at the roll screen end, when the roll screen rotated, start the fan, blow away the plastics product that lighter in the roll screen to place the collecting box at the entrance point of roll screen, retrieve the plastics product, step five, tertiary screening: take out the rubbish in the roll screen and place on the conveyer belt, conveyer belt both ends inboard is equipped with powerful magnet, start the conveyer belt operation, with rubbish operation on the conveyer belt, place the collecting box in the conveyer belt below, when rubbish passes through, the metal that can be attracted by powerful magnet rotates the below around the conveyer belt, other rubbish then drops, when the metal that can be attracted by powerful magnet is driven by the conveyer belt and is left powerful magnet, under the effect of gravity, fall into in the collecting box, step six, the level four screening: when other garbage is separated from the conveyor belt, the forward moving speed of the garbage with different weights is different, the falling positions of the garbage are different, and the garbage is collected into the sorting mechanism according to the weight; setting the temperature in a low-temperature vacuum dryer at 80 ℃, keeping the humidity at 75% and fermenting for about 1 hour; in the second step, the temperature is raised to 120 ℃, and the vacuum degree is maintained at-0.08 atmospheric pressure; the size of the screen of the rolling screen in the third step is 1-2 mm; the conveyor belt in the fifth step is an obliquely arranged conveyor belt; the sorting mechanism in the sixth step comprises a sorting box 1, the upper surface of the sorting box 1 is an inclined plane, a plurality of material guide plates 2 are arranged on the upper surface of the sorting box 1, baffle plates 3 are arranged on two sides of the upper surface of the material guide plates 2, the material guide plates 2 which go backwards are sequentially lowered, the material guide plates 2 at the forefront extend to the lower side of a conveyor belt, gaps exist among the material guide plates 2, a plurality of partition plates 4 are arranged in the sorting box 1, and the partition plates 4 are fixedly connected with the higher ends of the lower surfaces of the material guide plates 2.

The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: through putting into rubbish in the low temperature vacuum drying machine to make keep suitable temperature and humidity in the low temperature drying machine, to wherein add fermentation bacterial, decompose the organic matter, later dry it, sieve out less rubbish through the roll screen, use the fan to blow away lighter plastic product and retrieve, use magnet to retrieve ironwork, sort remaining rubbish according to the weight difference at last, thereby classify rubbish.

The working steps of the embodiment, fermentation and drying: adding appropriate amount of garbage into a low-temperature vacuum drier through a conveyor belt, adding fermentation strain, setting the heating temperature of the low-temperature vacuum drier at 80 ℃, keeping the humidity at 75%, keeping the low-temperature vacuum drier in an environment suitable for microbial propagation, fermenting for about 1 hour, starting the vacuum low-temperature drier after the fermentation is finished, raising the heating temperature to 120 ℃, maintaining the vacuum degree at-0.08 atmospheric pressure, and keeping the boiling point of water at about 60 ℃, so that the moisture in the garbage can be quickly dried, and organic components in the garbage are prevented from being damaged,

screening: taking out the garbage in the low-temperature vacuum dryer, placing the garbage in a rolling sieve, starting the rolling sieve to rotate, sieving smaller organic matters into a collecting box below the rolling sieve through a screen, starting a fan at the front side of the rolling sieve after a period of time, blowing out lighter plastic products in the rolling sieve from one end of the rolling sieve, dropping the plastic products into the collecting box, closing the rolling sieve, placing the rest garbage on a conveying belt which is obliquely placed, driving the garbage to move on the conveying belt, placing the collecting box below the conveying belt, rotating metal which can be attracted by a strong magnet to the lower part around the conveying belt when the garbage passes through, dropping other garbage, dropping the metal which can be attracted by the strong magnet into the collecting box under the action of gravity when the metal which can be attracted by the strong magnet is driven by the conveying belt to leave the strong magnet, dropping the garbage separated from the conveying belt on a guide plate 2 at the top, and slide downwards on the guide plate 2, because the weight of rubbish is different, it is different with the frictional force between the guide plate 2, the translation rate is different, when rubbish breaks away from the guide plate 2, a part of rubbish falls into the classification case 1 from the clearance between the guide plate 2, another part of speed is fast to fall on a guide plate 2 down through the clearance between the guide plate 2, baffle 3 can prevent rubbish from spilling from both sides, thereby separate rubbish and hold respectively according to weight, can separate the rubbish of separating out through baffle 4, classify rubbish.

The technical solutions described above only represent the preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and some possible modifications to some parts of the technical solutions by those skilled in the art all represent the principles of the present invention, and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.