阅读说明：本技术 基于颗粒形态识别的道砟智能筛分装置 (Railway ballast intelligent screening device based on particle morphology recognition ) 是由 肖军华 张德 郭佳奇 薛立华 于 2020-04-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于颗粒形态识别的道砟智能筛分装置,包括骨料仓、传送机构、图像采集与处理系统、骨料分拣机构和骨料收集机构,利用图像采集与处理系统获取道砟颗粒形态特征参数,由骨料分拣机构将满足要求的颗粒分拣至对应粒径范围的骨料收集机构,混合后得到特定质量、级配、形状要求的道砟样本。本发明通过仪器自动检测道砟颗粒的形状尺寸,能够根据形态参数遴选满足特定要求的道砟颗粒；应用于实验室或铁路现场的道砟筛分,能够实现特定质量、级配要求的道砟样本的自动筛取,并且道砟形态可控,自动化程度与筛分效率均较高。(The invention discloses an intelligent ballast screening device based on particle morphology recognition, which comprises an aggregate bin, a conveying mechanism, an image acquisition and processing system, an aggregate sorting mechanism and an aggregate collecting mechanism, wherein the image acquisition and processing system is used for acquiring characteristic parameters of the particle morphology of ballast, the aggregate sorting mechanism sorts particles meeting requirements to the aggregate collecting mechanism with a corresponding particle size range, and after mixing, ballast samples with specific quality, gradation and shape requirements are obtained. According to the invention, the shape and size of the ballast particles are automatically detected by an instrument, and the ballast particles meeting specific requirements can be selected according to morphological parameters; the method is applied to screening of the railway ballast in a laboratory or a railway site, can realize automatic screening of the railway ballast samples with specific quality and grading requirements, is controllable in railway ballast form, and is high in automation degree and screening efficiency.)

1. The utility model provides a railway ballast intelligence screening plant based on granule form discernment which characterized in that includes:

an aggregate bin;

the conveying mechanism comprises an imaging conveying belt and a sorting conveying belt, the starting end of the imaging conveying belt is arranged below the outlet of the aggregate bin, ballast particles fall onto the imaging conveying belt one by one from the outlet of the aggregate bin through vibrating the aggregate bin, the sorting conveying belt is arranged below the imaging conveying belt, and the starting end of the sorting conveying belt is aligned with the tail end of the imaging conveying belt;

the image acquisition and processing system is used for acquiring morphological characteristics of the last ballast particles positioned on the imaging conveyor belt and analyzing and processing the morphological characteristics;

the aggregate collecting mechanism comprises collecting barrels and aggregate recycling barrels corresponding to different particle size ranges, and the aggregate recycling barrels are arranged at the tail ends of the sorting conveyor belts and used for recycling the unscrambled ballast particles;

and the aggregate sorting mechanism is connected with the image acquisition and processing system and is used for sorting the aggregate to the collecting barrel corresponding to the specific particle size range according to the morphological characteristics of the ballast particles.

2. The ballast intelligent screening device based on particle morphology recognition is characterized in that the image acquisition and processing system comprises a camera and a computer processing system, wherein the camera is arranged at the tail end of the imaging conveyor belt and is used for acquiring contour images of ballast particles one by one; the computer processing system is used for receiving the setting of the target parameters of the ballast samples and is used as an information processing center.

3. The ballast intelligent screening device based on particle morphology recognition is characterized in that the camera comprises a top view imaging camera, a front view imaging camera and a side view imaging camera.

4. The ballast intelligent screening device based on particle morphology recognition of claim 2, wherein the input end of the computer processing system is connected with the camera to receive the collected images, obtain particle morphology characteristic parameters through image analysis, and calculate the quality of ballast particles; the output end of the computer processing system is in communication connection with the aggregate sorting mechanism for sending sorting signals.

5. The ballast intelligent screening device based on particle morphology recognition according to claim 4,the method is characterized in that the computer processing system analyzes and processes the image to obtain the long axis phi of the ballast particles₁Middle axle phi₂Minor axis phi₃Through phi₁、Φ₂、Φ₃The mutual proportional relation between the two indexes obtains the acicular coefficient phi aiming at the ballast particles₁/Φ₂And coefficient of flakiness phi₃/Φ₂；

Wherein the major axis phi₁Defined as the longest axis, the minor axis Φ in the acquired image₃Defined as the shortest axis, the central axis, phi, of the acquired image₂Defined as the longest axis perpendicular to the long axis in the image in which the long axis lies.

6. The ballast intelligent screening device based on particle morphology recognition of claim 5, wherein the aggregate sorting mechanism sorts the aggregates according to the central axis Φ₂Pushing the ballast particles into particle collecting barrels with corresponding particle diameters according to the size, and when the needle-like coefficient phi of the ballast in one collecting barrel₁/Φ₂>Particle and flake factor of 1.8₃/Φ₂<The mass ratio of the particles of 0.6 exceeds the set value, and the aggregate sorting mechanism does not make the needle-like coefficient phi of the railway ballast any more₁/Φ₂>Particle and flake factor of 1.8₃/Φ₂<0.6 particles were sorted into the collection bucket.

7. The ballast intelligent screening device based on particle morphology recognition of claim 1, wherein the aggregate sorting mechanism is a sorter.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of railway engineering, and relates to an intelligent railway ballast screening device based on particle morphology recognition.

Background

The ballast track is in a traditional track structure form of the railway in China, and the ballast bed is used as a discrete material layer consisting of ballast particles with different shapes and sizes, and mutual dislocation and rearrangement among the ballast bed particles and crushing and pulverization of the ballast particles can be generated under the action of repeated load of a train, so that the mechanical property of the ballast track is gradually degraded.

The shape, size and the like of the ballast particles have important influences on the mechanical behavior of the particles and the deformation and deterioration of the track bed. At present, the conventional mechanical screening method is generally adopted for the acquisition of railway ballast aggregate and the evaluation of geometric characteristics, and a grading curve is drawn according to the mass surplus rate of coarse particles in metal sieves with different apertures so as to evaluate the distribution condition of particle sizes. The grading curve quantization method is only a macroscopic quantitative description, geometric morphological characteristics such as the form, the size and the like of the ballast cannot be accurately reflected, and the characteristics can influence the mechanical behavior and the degradation mechanism of the granular ballast bed.

At present, the method is limited by a measuring means of a gauge, the overall morphology characteristics of the railway ballast aggregate are locally sampled and quantified by adopting a traditional mechanical screening method, the measuring precision and the measuring efficiency are low, and the overall morphology of railway ballast particles cannot be accurately described.

Based on the blank of the design field, the invention provides the intelligent railway ballast screening device based on the particle shape recognition, which starts from the shape and size recognition and selection of railway ballast particles.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an intelligent screening device for railway ballasts based on particle morphology identification, which is used for realizing intelligent screening of railway ballast samples with any quality and meeting the requirements of specific gradation, needle index and flake index based on identification and selection of railway ballast particle morphology and size.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

in one embodiment, a ballast intelligent screening device based on particle morphology recognition comprises: the system comprises an aggregate bin, a conveying mechanism, an aggregate collecting mechanism, an image collecting and processing system and an aggregate sorting mechanism connected with the image collecting and processing system, wherein the conveying mechanism comprises an imaging conveying belt and a sorting conveying belt, the starting end of the imaging conveying belt is arranged below the outlet of the aggregate bin, ballast particles fall onto the imaging conveying belt one by one from the outlet of the aggregate bin by vibrating the aggregate bin, the sorting conveying belt is arranged below the imaging conveying belt, and the starting end of the sorting conveying belt is aligned with the tail end of the imaging conveying belt; the image acquisition and processing system is used for acquiring morphological characteristics of the last ballast particles positioned on the imaging conveyor belt and analyzing and processing the morphological characteristics; the aggregate collecting mechanism comprises collecting barrels and aggregate recycling barrels corresponding to different particle size ranges, and the aggregate recycling barrels are arranged at the tail ends of the sorting conveyor belts and used for recycling the unscrambled ballast particles; and the aggregate sorting mechanism is connected with the image acquisition and processing system and is used for sorting the aggregate to the collecting barrel corresponding to the specific particle size range according to the morphological characteristics of the ballast particles.

In one embodiment, the image acquisition and processing system comprises a camera and a computer processing system, wherein the camera is arranged at the tail end of the imaging conveyor belt and is used for acquiring the contour images of ballast particles one by one; the computer processing system is used for receiving the setting of the target parameters of the ballast samples and is used as an information processing center.

In one embodiment, the camera includes a top view imaging camera, a front view imaging camera, and a side view imaging camera.

In one embodiment, the input end of the computer processing system is connected with the camera to receive the collected image, obtain the particle morphological characteristic parameters through image analysis, and calculate the quality of the ballast particles; the output end of the computer processing system is in communication connection with the aggregate sorting mechanism for sending sorting signals.

In one embodiment, the computer processing system analyzes and processes the image to obtain the major axis phi of the ballast particles₁Middle axle phi₂Minor axis phi₃Through phi₁、Φ₂、Φ₃The mutual proportional relation between the two indexes obtains the acicular coefficient phi aiming at the ballast particles₁/Φ₂And coefficient of flakiness phi₃/Φ₂；

Wherein the major axis phi₁Defined as the longest axis, the minor axis Φ in the acquired image₃Defined as the shortest axis, the central axis, phi, of the acquired image₂Defined as the longest axis perpendicular to the long axis in the image in which the long axis lies.

In one embodiment, the aggregate sorting mechanism is based on the central axis Φ₂Pushing the ballast particles into particle collecting barrels with corresponding particle diameters according to the size, and when the needle-like coefficient phi of the ballast in one collecting barrel₁/Φ₂>Particle and flake factor of 1.8₃/Φ₂<The mass ratio of the particles of 0.6 exceeds a target set value, and the aggregate sorting mechanism does not make the needle-like coefficient phi of the railway ballast any more₁/Φ₂>Particle and flake factor of 1.8₃/Φ₂<0.6 particles were sorted into the collection bucket. When the quality of the railway ballast in the collecting barrel corresponding to each particle size range reaches a set value, the aggregate sorting mechanism stops adding railway ballast particles into the collecting barrel, and the railway ballast particles fall into the aggregate recovery barrel positioned at the tail end of the conveyor belt.

In one embodiment, the aggregate sorting mechanism is a sorter.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the shape and the size of the ballast particles are automatically detected by an instrument, and the ballast particles meeting specific requirements can be selected according to morphological parameters;

(2) the device can automatically screen ballast samples with specific quality and grading requirements, and the ballast form is controllable, so that the automation degree is high;

(3) the device is based on the computer image processing technology, realizes the intelligent screening of the railway ballast, reduces the labor intensity of workers, and improves the screening efficiency of the railway ballast in a laboratory or a railway site under the condition of ensuring the requirement of particle form.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a side view of an intelligent ballast screening device based on particle morphology recognition according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the intelligent ballast screening device based on particle morphology recognition according to the invention;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of intelligent screening of ballast based on particle morphology recognition according to the present invention;

fig. 4 is a grading curve of a screened ballast target according to the present invention.

The reference numbers illustrate:

1-an aggregate bin, wherein the aggregate bin is provided with a plurality of aggregate bins,

2-a conveying mechanism for conveying the materials,

21-the image-forming conveyor belt or belts,

22-a sorting conveyor belt, which is,

3-a shooting device for shooting the images,

31-a top-view imaging camera,

32-a front view imaging camera, the camera,

33-a side view imaging camera,

34-a computer processing system-the computer processing system,

4-an aggregate sorting mechanism, wherein the aggregate sorting mechanism comprises a machine frame,

a particle sorter with the particle diameter of 41-0-16 mm,

a particle sorter with the particle diameter of 42-16-25 mm,

a particle sorter with the particle diameter of 43-25-35.5 mm,

a particle sorter with the particle diameter of 44-35.5-45 mm,

a particle sorter with the particle diameter of 45-56 mm,

a particle sorter with the particle diameter of 46-56-63 mm,

5-an aggregate collecting mechanism, wherein the aggregate collecting mechanism,

a particle collecting barrel with the particle diameter of 51-0-16 mm,

a particle collecting barrel with the particle diameter of 52-16-25 mm,

a particle collecting barrel with the particle diameter of 53-25-35.5 mm,

a particle collecting barrel with the particle diameter of 54-35.5-45 mm,

a particle collecting barrel with the particle diameter of 55-45-56 mm,

a particle collecting barrel with the particle diameter of 56-63 mm,

57-an aggregate recovery barrel, wherein,

6-ballast particles.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings 1 to 4 and examples.

Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, in an embodiment, an intelligent ballast screening device based on particle morphology recognition includes: aggregate storehouse, transport mechanism, aggregate collection mechanism and image acquisition and processing system, and with the aggregate letter sorting mechanism that image acquisition and processing system are connected, transport mechanism includes formation of image conveyer belt and letter sorting conveyer belt, the initiating terminal setting of formation of image conveyer belt is in the export below of aggregate storehouse, through the vibration the aggregate storehouse makes the railway ballast granule follow the export of aggregate storehouse falls one by one on the formation of image conveyer belt, the letter sorting conveyer belt sets up formation of image conveyer belt below, just the initiating terminal of letter sorting conveyer belt with formation of image conveyer belt end aligns.

The image acquisition and processing system is used for acquiring morphological characteristics of the last ballast particles positioned on the imaging conveyor belt and analyzing and processing the morphological characteristics; the aggregate collecting mechanism comprises collecting barrels and aggregate recycling barrels corresponding to different particle size ranges, and the aggregate recycling barrels are arranged at the tail ends of the sorting conveyor belts and used for recycling the unscrambled ballast particles; and the aggregate sorting mechanism is connected with the image acquisition and processing system and is used for sorting the aggregate to the collecting barrel corresponding to the specific particle size range according to the morphological characteristics of the ballast particles.

In one embodiment, the image acquisition and processing system comprises a camera and a computer processing system, wherein the camera is arranged at the tail end of the imaging conveyor belt and is used for acquiring the contour images of ballast particles one by one; the computer processing system is used for receiving the setting of the ballast sample parameters and is used as an information processing center. For example, the camera is a three-dimensional entity scanner, and when the ballast particles fall from the imaging conveyor belt onto the sorting conveyor belt, the three-dimensional entity scanner captures a three-dimensional structure of the ballast particles, so as to obtain morphological parameters of the ballast particles.

In another embodiment, the camera includes a top view imaging camera, a front view imaging camera, and a side view imaging camera. The top view imaging camera is arranged above the imaging conveyor belt, the front view imaging camera is arranged behind the tail end of the imaging conveyor belt, the side view imaging camera is arranged on the left side or the right side of the imaging conveyor belt, three views (a front view, a side view and a top view) of the ballast particles are obtained through different shooting positions, and therefore morphological parameters of the ballast particles are obtained.

In one embodiment, the computer processing system analyzes and processes the image to obtain the major axis phi of the ballast particles₁Middle axle phi₂Minor axis phi₃Through phi₁、Φ₂、Φ₃The mutual proportional relation between the two indexes obtains the acicular coefficient phi aiming at the ballast particles₁/Φ₂And coefficient of flakiness phi₃/Φ₂(ii) a Wherein the major axis phi₁Defined as the longest axis, the minor axis, Φ, of the three two-dimensional views₃Defined as the shortest axis, the central axis phi, of the three two-dimensional views₂Defined as the longest axis perpendicular to the long axis in the view in which the long axis lies.

In one embodiment, the aggregate sorting mechanism is based on the central axis Φ₂Pushing the ballast particles into particle collecting barrels with corresponding particle diameters according to the size, and when the needle-like coefficient phi of the ballast in one collecting barrel₁/Φ₂>Particle and flake factor of 1.8₃/Φ₂<The mass ratio of the particles of 0.6 exceeds a target set value, and the aggregate sorting mechanism does not make the needle-like coefficient phi of the railway ballast any more₁/Φ₂>Particle and flake factor of 1.8₃/Φ₂<0.6 particles were sorted into the collection bucket. When the quality of the railway ballast in the collecting barrel corresponding to each particle size range reaches a set value, the aggregate sorting mechanism stops adding the railway ballast particles into the collecting barrel continuously, and the non-sorted railway ballast particles fall into the aggregate recovery barrel positioned at the tail end of the conveyor belt.

In one embodiment, the input end of the computer processing system is connected with the camera to receive the collected image, obtain the particle morphological characteristic parameters through image analysis, and calculate the quality of the ballast particles; the output end of the computer processing system is in communication connection with the aggregate sorting mechanism for sending sorting signals. For example, the computer processing system calculates the needle-like coefficient and the flake coefficient of the ballast particles according to the morphological characteristics of the ballast particles, and respectively calculates the needle-like coefficient phi of the ballast in each particle size range according to the preset screening condition₁/Φ₂>1.8 ballast particles and flake coefficient phi₃/Φ₂<And the mass of the ballast particles of 0.6 is taken as a sorting judgment condition.

In one embodiment, 6 ballast collecting barrels are arranged according to the existing ballast grading regulations in the railway ballast crushing, and are respectively used for collecting ballast particles with the particle sizes of 0-16 mm, 16-25 mm, 25-35.5 mm, 35.5-45 mm, 45-56 mm and 56-63 mm. The aggregate sorting mechanism is a sorter, and the sorter pushes the ballast particles into the particle collecting barrel with corresponding particle sizes. When the railway ballast particles are conveyed to the sorting conveyor belt, the aggregate sorting mechanism conveys the railway ballast particles to the collecting barrel corresponding to the railway ballast particle size information according to the railway ballast particle morphological characteristic information. When the quality of the railway ballast in the collecting barrel corresponding to each particle size range reaches a set value, the aggregate sorting mechanism stops adding particles into the collecting barrel continuously, and the unsorted railway ballast particles fall into an aggregate recovery barrel at the tail end of the sorting conveyor belt.

Further, the grading particle size or the grading shape do not meet the requirements, or the ballast particles with the quality exceeding the upper limit value in the collecting barrel corresponding to the particle size range are not sorted and collected by the sorting system, and the ballast particles fall to the aggregate recycling barrel at the tail end of the sorting conveyor belt in a rolling manner. And when the particle mass in the collecting barrels corresponding to all the particle size ranges reaches the set mass, stopping the whole system. And mixing the railway ballasts in the collecting barrels to obtain the railway ballast samples with specific quality, gradation and shape requirements.

It should be noted that the device is based on the parameters set under the current morphological screening rules. Subsequent screening rules based on particle shape can be implemented with this set of apparatus.

The following is a description of an application process of the intelligent ballast screening device based on particle morphology recognition:

referring to fig. 3, a method for using an intelligent ballast screening device based on particle morphology recognition includes the following steps:

step 1: setting target ballast sample parameters:

setting the quality M of the ballast to be screened, the grading of the ballast and the needle index value a₁And a plate index value a₂；

Specifically, the quality M of the ballast to be screened and the grading of the ballast are set in a computer processing system, and the upper limit value a of the needle index is set₁And a flake index upper limit value a₂. The gradation, the needle index and the flake index meet the regulations of railway ballast (TBT 2140-2008). Inputting the relevant parameters into a computer processing system as a sorting and distinguishing condition of the ballast particles, wherein the needle-shaped index value a₁And a plate index value a₂Are not more than 20 percent.

Step 2: calculating the particle mass of the needle-shaped coefficient and the flake coefficient of the ballast in each particle size range;

determining the mass M corresponding to each particle size range according to the set ballast mass M and the grading curve₁,M₂,···,M_nBased on the needle index value a₁And a plate index value a₂Obtaining the needle-like coefficient phi of the railway ballast in each particle size range₁/Φ₂>1.8 the mass of the particles is M₁a₁,M₂a₁,···,M_na₁Coefficient of lamellage phi₃/Φ₂<The mass of the particles of 0.6 is M₁a₂,M₂a₂,···,M_na₂；

And step 3: and collecting and processing the shape and contour of the ballast particles.

Acquiring images of the railway ballast particle morphological outlines one by one, transmitting the images serving as input data to a computer processing system, analyzing by the computer processing system to obtain railway ballast particle morphological characteristic parameters, and calculating the railway ballast particle quality;

and 4, step 4: aggregate sorting and collection

The ballast particles are sorted to a specific particle size range according to morphological characteristic parameters and are sorted according to the central axis phi₂Determining the size of the collecting barrel corresponding to the specific particle size range; when the middle axis phi₂The particle sizes exceeding all particle size ranges are removed.

When the needle-like coefficient phi of the ballast in the collecting barrel in each particle size range₁/Φ₂>1.8 ballast particles and flake coefficientsΦ₃/Φ₂<When the quality of the ballast particles of 0.6 respectively reaches the set values, the needle-shaped coefficient phi is not sorted any more subsequently₁/Φ₂>1.8 ballast particles and flake coefficient phi₃/Φ₂<0.6 of ballast particles;

when the mass of the particles in all the particle size ranges reaches the mass M corresponding to each particle size range₁,M₂,···,M_nAnd when the sorting system mechanism stops adding the particles into the collecting barrel, the unscrambled ballast particles fall into an aggregate recycling barrel at the tail end of the conveyor belt. And mixing the ballast with the particle size ranges to obtain the ballast sample with specific mass M, gradation and shape requirements.