阅读说明：本技术 一种酶解组合物、豆粕酶解的方法及有机微量元素饲料添加剂的制备方法 (Enzymolysis composition, soybean meal enzymolysis method and preparation method of organic trace element feed additive ) 是由 张国建 于 2020-06-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种豆粕酶解组合物,包括10~20重量份的氧化钙、3重量份的米曲霉、5重量份的辅助酶、0.5重量份的核黄素、66重量份的复合蛋白酶。其中,5重量份的辅助酶由1重量份的植酸酶(5000IU/g)、2重量份的木聚糖酶(100000IU/g)、0.5重量份的甘露聚糖(10000IU/g)、0.5重量份的纤维酶(10000IU/g)、1重量份的淀粉酶(10000IU/g)、1重量份的半乳糖苷酶(10000IU/g)构成。其中66重量份的复合蛋白酶由40重量份的碱性蛋白酶(100000IU/g)、2重量份的角蛋白酶(500000IU/g)、20重量份的中性蛋白酶(50000IU/g)、3重量份的酸性蛋白酶(50000IU/g)、1重量份的肽酶构成。(The invention discloses a soybean meal enzymolysis composition which comprises 10-20 parts by weight of calcium oxide, 3 parts by weight of aspergillus oryzae, 5 parts by weight of auxiliary enzyme, 0.5 part by weight of riboflavin and 66 parts by weight of compound protease. Wherein, 5 weight parts of auxiliary enzyme comprises 1 weight part of phytase (5000 IU/g), 2 weight parts of xylanase (100000 IU/g), 0.5 weight part of mannan (10000 IU/g), 0.5 weight part of cellulase (10000 IU/g), 1 weight part of amylase (10000 IU/g) and 1 weight part of galactosidase (10000 IU/g). Wherein 66 weight parts of compound protease comprises 40 weight parts of alkaline protease (100000 IU/g), 2 weight parts of keratinase (500000 IU/g), 20 weight parts of neutral protease (50000 IU/g), 3 weight parts of acidic protease (50000 IU/g) and 1 weight part of peptidase.)

1. A soybean meal enzymolysis composition is characterized by comprising calcium oxide, Aspergillus oryzae, auxiliary enzyme, riboflavin and compound protease;

wherein the auxiliary enzyme is composed of phytase, xylanase, mannan, cellulase, amylase and galactosidase;

wherein the compound protease comprises alkaline protease, keratinase, neutral protease, acid protease, and peptidase.

2. The soybean meal enzymolysis composition according to claim 1, which comprises 10-20 parts by weight of calcium oxide, 3 parts by weight of aspergillus oryzae, 5 parts by weight of auxiliary enzyme, 0.5 part by weight of riboflavin and 66 parts by weight of compound protease;

wherein, the auxiliary enzyme of 5 weight portions is composed of phytase of 1 weight portion, xylanase of 2 weight portions, mannan of 0.5 weight portion, cellulase of 0.5 weight portion, amylase of 1 weight portion, galactosidase of 1 weight portion;

wherein 66 parts by weight of the compound protease comprises 40 parts by weight of alkaline protease, 2 parts by weight of keratinase, 20 parts by weight of neutral protease, 3 parts by weight of acid protease and 1 part by weight of peptidase.

3. The soybean meal enzymolysis composition of claim 2, wherein during enzymolysis of soybean meal, the soybean meal enzymolysis composition is mixed with 1000 parts by weight of soybean meal and 5000 parts by weight of drinking water, and then the soybean meal is subjected to enzymolysis.

4. The soybean meal enzymolysis method is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, adding Aspergillus oryzae bacteria powder and xylanase into 200 parts by weight of drinking water according to the proportion of claim 3, activating for 5-10 minutes under the condition that the water temperature requires 28 ℃, then uniformly mixing with 1000 parts by weight of soybean meal with the grinding fineness of 80 meshes in a mixer, then loading into an enzymolysis tank, keeping the temperature at 28 ℃, and fermenting for 4 hours; after the fermentation is finished; and then injecting the residual 4800 parts by weight of drinking water and fermented products into an enzymolysis tank to raise the temperature to 50 ℃, pouring 5 kilograms of auxiliary enzyme described in claim 3 into the enzymolysis tank for stirring, keeping the enzymolysis tank at a constant temperature of 50 ℃ for decomposition for 1 hour, then pouring calcium oxide into the enzymolysis tank according to the proportion described in claim 3 for stirring for 10 minutes to fully and evenly stir the calcium oxide, and pouring riboflavin and compound protease into the enzymolysis tank according to the proportion described in claim 3 for stirring evenly after 10 minutes. And (4) continuously keeping the temperature at 50 ℃ for decomposing for 6-8, thus completing enzymolysis.

5. A preparation method of an organic trace element feed additive is characterized by comprising the following steps: inactivating enzyme of the liquid after enzymolysis of the soybean meal at high temperature, and filtering; inactivating enzyme, mixing the filtered liquid with inorganic trace elements, dissolving, adjusting pH, reacting at certain temperature for about 60min, and spray drying to obtain the organic trace element feed additive.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of animal feed processing, in particular to an enzymolysis composition, a soybean meal enzymolysis method and a preparation method of an organic trace element feed additive.

Background

The soybean meal has the characteristics of rich nutritional value, about 90 percent of water-soluble protein, rich amino acid content, high digestion energy, good palatability and the like, and is one of the most important vegetable protein sources of livestock. The bean pulp contains various beneficial nutrient substances such as phospholipid, soybean isoflavone, peptide, amino acid and the like.

Amino acids: the amino acid is mainly absorbed by small intestine, and is absorbed by one amino acid, various amino acids are mainly absorbed by an active transfer mode requiring sodium ion energy consumption, and the intestinal mucosa transfers the amino acid and sodium ions into cells to enter systemic circulation by utilizing the sodium ion concentration gradient inside and outside the cells.

Small peptides: can completely pass through intestinal mucosa cells to enter systemic circulation, the absorption of small peptides has the advantages of high transport speed, low energy consumption, difficult saturation of carriers and the like, and the transport of various peptides has no competitiveness and inhibition. Meanwhile, the small peptide also has the unique functions of resisting bacteria and bacteria, resisting oxidation, repairing intestinal injury and the like.

Trace elements: is one of the essential nutrients for animals to maintain life and grow, and the nutrients directly or indirectly participate in almost all physiological and biochemical processes of the body to meet the requirements of normal life activities of the body.

The inorganic trace elements are easy to form insoluble chelate with phytic acid, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, cellulose and other components in the feed, so that the bioavailability of the inorganic trace elements in animals is low, and the environment pollution is easily caused.

The small peptide and amino acid chelate salt not only has good chemical stability, but also has high bioavailability. Has the advantages of anti-interference, low toxicity, high absorption rate, environmental pollution reduction, obvious weight gain and the like, and is an ideal novel high-efficiency trace element feed additive

Generally, the soybean meal needs to be hydrolyzed and then used for feed addition, because the soybean meal contains antigen substances mainly including:

the heat-sensitive class: trypsin inhibitors, hemagglutinin, urease, thyrotrophoblasts (thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, oxazolidinethione), lipoxygenase, and the like.

Heat insensitive class: non-starch polysaccharide, soybean antigen protein (mainly: glycinin and beta-conglycinin), saponin, oligosaccharide, phytic acid, etc.

Wherein the oligosaccharide accounts for 10% of the soybean meal, and the main components are stachyose and raffinose, which are indigestible in small intestine and enter large intestine to be fully utilized by microorganism, and are liable to cause flatulence, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Glycinin 13.47% accounts for 29.6% of the protein content in 46% of the soybean meal, and beta-conglycinin 13.96% accounts for 30.3% of the protein content in 46% of the soybean meal. Glycinin and beta-conglycinin have antigenicity and allergenicity and can cause damage to intestinal mucosa and anaphylactic reaction, wherein the anaphylactic reaction is mainly manifested by atrophy of intestinal villi, reduction of the quantity and activity of mucopolysaccharide and catabolic enzyme, which leads to the damage to small intestine structure, shortened chyme retention time, disordered nutrient absorption, and causes dyspepsia, diarrhea and growth obstruction of animals.

Therefore, the amount of soybean meal used in young animals is limited due to the presence of the antigenic substance. In the prior art, heat-sensitive antigen substances can be treated by a heating mode, and heat-insensitive antigen substances are treated by a microbial fermentation technology and an enzymolysis technology.

Disclosure of Invention

The first purpose of the invention is to provide an enzymolysis composition for bean pulp enzymolysis, which has higher hydrolysis capacity on glycinin contained in the bean pulp.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a novel method for enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean meal, by adopting the soybean meal enzymatic hydrolysis composition and changing the process, the total amount of the enzymatic hydrolyzed soybean meal is not changed, the consumption is not saved, and the acid and sweet taste of the enzymatic hydrolyzed soybean meal is not bitter and astringent.

The third purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the organic trace element feed additive, which adopts the filtrate obtained after the enzymolysis of the soybean meal as the raw material, and the chelation rate can reach more than 90%.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a soybean meal enzymolysis composition comprises 10-20 parts by weight of calcium oxide, 3 parts by weight of Aspergillus oryzae, 5 parts by weight of auxiliary enzyme, 0.5 part by weight of riboflavin and 66 parts by weight of compound protease.

Wherein, 5 weight parts of auxiliary enzyme comprises 1 weight part of phytase (5000 IU/g), 2 weight parts of xylanase (100000 IU/g), 0.5 weight part of mannan (10000 IU/g), 0.5 weight part of cellulase (10000 IU/g), 1 weight part of amylase (10000 IU/g) and 1 weight part of galactosidase (10000 IU/g).

Wherein 66 weight parts of compound protease comprises 40 weight parts of alkaline protease (100000 IU/g), 2 weight parts of keratinase (500000 IU/g), 20 weight parts of neutral protease (50000 IU/g), 3 weight parts of acidic protease (50000 IU/g) and 1 weight part of peptidase (10000 IU/g).

Specifically, during bean pulp enzymolysis, the bean pulp enzymolysis composition is mixed with 1000 parts by weight of bean pulp and 5000 parts by weight of drinking water, and then the bean pulp is subjected to enzymolysis.

A soybean meal enzymolysis method comprises the following processes: firstly, adding Aspergillus oryzae bacteria powder and xylanase into 200 parts by weight of drinking water (the water temperature is required to be 28 ℃) to activate for 5-10 minutes, then uniformly mixing the Aspergillus oryzae bacteria powder and xylanase with 1000 parts by weight of soybean meal with the grinding fineness of 80 meshes in a mixer, then loading the mixture into an enzymolysis tank, keeping the temperature at 28 ℃, and fermenting for 4 hours; after fermentation, injecting the residual 4800 parts by weight of drinking water and fermented products into an enzymolysis tank to raise the temperature to 50 ℃, pouring 5 kilograms of auxiliary enzyme into the enzymolysis tank for stirring, carrying out decomposition at the constant temperature of 50 ℃ for 1 hour, pouring calcium oxide into the enzymolysis tank for stirring for 10 minutes to fully and uniformly stir the calcium oxide, and pouring riboflavin and compound protease into the enzymolysis tank for stirring uniformly after 10 minutes. And (4) continuously keeping the temperature at 50 ℃ for decomposing for 6-8, thus completing enzymolysis.

A preparation method of an organic trace element feed additive comprises the following steps: inactivating enzyme of the liquid after enzymolysis of the soybean meal at high temperature, and filtering; inactivating enzyme, mixing the filtered liquid with inorganic trace elements (determined by molecular weight of various trace elements and small peptide content of enzymolysis liquid according to mol ratio), dissolving, adjusting pH, reacting at 40-60 deg.C for about 60min, and spray drying to obtain the organic trace element feed additive.

It is worth saying that the high-quality protein source can be obtained by drying the filtered soybean meal residues.

The action principle of the soybean meal enzymolysis composition and the soybean meal enzymolysis method is as follows:

the calcium oxide can adjust the pH value, improve the activity of the protease, activate the activity of the protease by calcium ions, and chelate amino acids and small peptides separated in the enzymolysis process with calcium to form organic calcium which is beneficial to animals.

The auxiliary enzyme has the effects of releasing protein from substances wrapped by phytic acid, xylo-oligosaccharide and the like in the soybean meal, fully decomposing non-starch polysaccharide, reducing viscosity, improving animal palatability, reducing antigen, enhancing protease decomposition capability and shortening decomposition time. For example, xylanase acts on the xylan cell wall to break and hydrolyze a cell wall part, and the tissue structure of the cell wall is damaged, so that carbohydrates and proteins are released, and then the enzymolysis effect of the proteins is improved under the further action of protease. Phytic acid is an anti-nutritional factor commonly found in vegetable feeds. Phytic acid can combine with mineral elements, proteins and the like to form stable complexes, thereby reducing the utilization rate of the substances. Phytic acid can also inhibit the activity of various enzymes, and can recover the activity of amylase, xylanase and protease after adding phytase, and improve decomposition capability. The basic effects of other accessory enzymes are as described above and are not described in detail. Riboflavin increases the activity of proteases.

Since globulin is composed of 6 subunits each composed of 1 basic peptide chain and 1 acidic peptide chain linked by a disulfide bond, a general protease does not have the ability to decompose a disulfide bond, whereas a keratinase structure contains a disulfide bond reductase which allows the disulfide bond structure to be decomposed, and a protein can be decomposed by a protease, dissolved in water, and then hydrolyzed into an oligopeptide or a free amino acid by a peptidase.

The overall effect of the compound protease is as follows: the keratinase is used for opening a disulfide bond in the globulin, so that hydrophobic amino acid and hydrophilic amino acid wrapped in the globulin are released; alkaline proteases act on hydrophobic amino acids and hydrophobic peptides; however, the alkaline protease is subjected to enzymolysis to obtain hydrophobic amino acid and hydrophobic peptide, the bitterness is strong, the acidic protease belongs to exonuclease, the residue of alkaline amino at the tail end of the bitter peptide is cut to reduce the bitterness, the bitterness decomposed by the alkaline protease is covered, the mouthfeel is improved, and the neutral protease plays a role in all amino acid and peptide; the neutral protease and the alkaline protease are enzymes which cut proteins into polypeptides and small peptides, and then peptidase cuts the polypeptides or the small peptides into the small peptides or free amino acids, so that the small peptides and the free amino acids subjected to enzymolysis on the bean pulp are high.

Aspergillus oryzae is fungus, the metabolite produced by propagation is a large amount of protease, the addition of Aspergillus oryzae can reduce the dosage of exogenous protease, accelerate decomposition capability,

aspergillus oryzae is a fungus, unlike microorganisms, which requires low levels of water for propagation; the water content required by enzymolysis is high, a small amount of water is firstly used for breeding aspergillus oryzae in the enzymolysis process to generate a large amount of protease, and a substrate is added after the breeding is finished. Energy substances are required for the growth of aspergillus oryzae, and the xylanase can decompose non-starch polysaccharide in bean pulp into glucose, and the glucose can provide energy for the aspergillus oryzae to reproduce.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

by adopting the soybean meal hydrolysis method, the hydrolysis rate of protein can reach about 90%, and the small peptide content can reach about 80%; the total amount of the enzymolyzed soybean meal is unchanged, the consumption is not saved, the enzymolyzed soybean meal has no bitter and astringent tastes, and can completely replace fish meal and fermented soybean meal with a good taste, and the enzymolyzed soybean meal has no bitter and astringent tastes, and can completely replace fish meal and fermented soybean meal with a good taste.

Detailed Description

The present invention is intended to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a method for enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean meal, which is further described in detail with reference to the following examples.