阅读说明：本技术 一种真空脉动与微波联合干燥巴戟天的方法 (Method for drying morinda officinalis through combination of vacuum pulsation and microwaves ) 是由 曹崇江 乐龙 于 2020-05-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种真空脉动与微波联合干燥巴戟天的方法,属于中药材加工技术领域。该加工方法包括如下操作步骤：清洗切片、灭酶杀菌处理、真空脉动干燥和微波干燥。该方法具有有效成分保留率高、干燥时间短、品质好、干净卫生等优点。(The invention relates to a method for drying morinda officinalis by combining vacuum pulsation and microwave, belonging to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine processing. The processing method comprises the following operation steps: cleaning and slicing, inactivating enzyme and sterilizing, vacuum pulse drying and microwave drying. The method has the advantages of high retention rate of effective components, short drying time, good quality, cleanness, sanitation, etc.)

1. A method for drying Morinda citrifolia by combining vacuum pulsation and microwave comprises the following steps: (1) cleaning morinda officinalis with clear water, and cutting into 6-9 mm thin slices by using a slicing machine; (2) carrying out enzyme inactivation and sterilization treatment on the cleaned morinda officinalis by using high-humidity superheated steam: the blanching temperature of the superheated steam is 100-120 ℃, the relative humidity is 30-60%, the gas flow rate is 12-24 m/s, and the blanching time is 60-90 s; (3) drying the morinda officinalis subjected to enzyme deactivation and sterilization treatment in a vacuum pulsation manner: drying in a drying chamber at 50-80 ℃, pulsing at a vacuum degree of 0MPa to 0.05-0.095 MPa in a pulsation ratio of 10-15 min: 2-6 min, and stopping drying when the water content of morinda officinalis is reduced to 15-30%; (4) carrying out vacuum microwave drying on the morinda officinalis subjected to vacuum pulse drying: the microwave power density is: 0.6-3W/g, relative pressure of 0-0.08Mpa, microwave action time of 20-50 minutes, and drying when the water content of morinda officinalis is less than 10%.

2. The method of vacuum pulsing and microwave drying Morinda citrifolia product according to claim 1, wherein said drying step comprises: in the step (1), the morinda officinalis is cleaned by clear water and cut into slices with the thickness of 8mm by a slicing machine.

3. The method of vacuum pulsing and microwave drying Morinda citrifolia product according to claim 1, wherein said drying step comprises: the blanching temperature of the superheated steam in the step (2) is 110 ℃, the relative humidity is 45%, the gas flow rate is 20m/s, and the blanching time is 80 s.

4. The method of vacuum pulsing and microwave drying Morinda citrifolia product according to claim 1, wherein said drying step comprises: in the step (3), the drying temperature in the drying chamber is 50 ℃, the vacuum degree is between 0MPa and 0.08MPa, the pulsation ratio of 12min to 6min is performed, and the drying is stopped when the water content of morinda officinalis is reduced to 28%.

5. The method of vacuum pulsing and microwave drying Morinda citrifolia product according to claim 1, wherein said drying step comprises: in the step (4), the microwave power is 2W/g, the relative pressure is 0.08Mpa, the microwave action time is 30 minutes, and the drying is stopped when the water content of the morinda officinalis is 10%.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for drying morinda officinalis by combining vacuum pulsation and microwave, belonging to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine processing.

Background

The drying of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials can prolong the shelf life of the traditional Chinese medicinal material products, improve the product quality and further help to maintain the effective components of the medicines to the maximum extent. The traditional drying method is greatly influenced by regions, climate and weather, the drying condition is not easy to control, the time consumption is long, and the product quality is not uniform. Therefore, the primary processing and drying of the Chinese medicinal material in the producing area should be combined with the characteristics of medicinal plants, and the modern drying technology is applied to carry out high-quality and high-efficiency drying on the basis of retaining the effective medicinal components to the maximum extent.

Modern drying technologies mainly comprise far infrared drying, vacuum freeze drying, heat pump drying, microwave drying and the like. Far infrared ray drying is that far infrared rays emitted from an infrared ray emitting element are absorbed by molecules to change the vibration and movement of the molecules, and the molecules generate a heating effect by heat generated by friction and movement. The heating device has the advantages of high heating speed, energy conservation, simple structure, convenience in installation, convenience in operation and maintenance and the like; and the pollution is little, and the security is high, easily control the temperature, improve product quality. However, infrared drying has low drying efficiency when processing thick materials, and in the drying process, after moisture on the surface of the materials is evaporated, a thin air film is formed around the materials, and the relative humidity of the air film is high, so that the subsequent moisture is prevented from being discharged, and the drying is not facilitated.

Vacuum freeze drying completes drying at a lower temperature, avoids damage to heat-sensitive components of the materials in a heating process, can maintain original appearance characteristics and nutritional components of the materials to the maximum degree in a freeze-drying time period, is considered to be the best drying method for producing high-quality food at present, but has the disadvantages of high energy consumption, high equipment requirement and high drying cost.

The heat pump drying technology is to utilize the convection of heated hot air and the dried material to exchange heat and utilize drying medium to condense the moisture in the hot air, so as to dewater and achieve the aim of drying. The heat pump drying is operated at normal pressure and low temperature, is environment-friendly and pollution-free, and can save 20-50% of time compared with the traditional drying technology. But the drying time is long, and microorganisms are easy to grow in the drying process.

The microwave drying is a drying method for converting kinetic energy into heat energy through friction and collision among molecules in a substance. The method is suitable for drying the photosensitive material with large loss of effective components in the traditional drying process, can effectively improve the drying efficiency, and shortens the drying time. However, although microwave drying has many advantages, local overheating, surface hardening, improper color, uneven heating and the like often occur; furthermore, the low energy efficiency is also a disadvantage.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for drying morinda officinalis through vacuum pulsation combined with microwave, the prepared morinda officinalis is uniform in texture and high in retention rate of effective components, and the method has the advantages of short drying time, good quality, cleanness, sanitation and the like.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a method for drying Morinda citrifolia by combining vacuum pulsation and microwave comprises the following steps:

(1) cleaning morinda officinalis with clear water, and cutting into 6-9 mm thin slices by using a slicing machine;

(2) blanching, inactivating enzyme and sterilizing the cleaned morinda officinalis by using high-humidity superheated steam: the blanching temperature of the superheated steam is 100-120 ℃, the relative humidity is 30-60%, the gas flow rate is 12-24 m/s, and the blanching time is 60-90 s;

(3) carrying out vacuum pulse drying on the blanched, enzyme-deactivated and sterilized morinda officinalis: drying in a drying chamber at 50-80 ℃, pulsing at a vacuum degree of 0MPa to 0.05-0.095 MPa in a pulsation ratio of 10-15 min: 2-6 min, and stopping drying when the water content of morinda officinalis is reduced to 15-30%;

(4) carrying out vacuum microwave drying on morinda officinalis subjected to vacuum pulse drying: the microwave power density is: 0.6-3W/g, relative pressure of 0-0.08Mpa, microwave action time of 20-50 minutes, and drying when the water content of morinda officinalis is less than 10%.

In the step (1), the morinda officinalis is cleaned by clear water and cut into slices with the thickness of 8mm by a slicing machine.

The blanching temperature of the superheated steam in the step (2) is 110 ℃, the relative humidity is 45%, the gas flow rate is 20m/s, and the blanching time is 80 s.

In the step (3), the drying temperature in the drying chamber is 50 ℃, the vacuum degree is between 0MPa and 0.08MPa, the pulsation ratio of 12min to 6min is performed, and the drying is stopped when the water content of morinda officinalis is reduced to 28%.

In the step (4), the microwave power is 2W/g, the relative pressure is 0.08Mpa, the microwave action time is 30 minutes, and the drying is stopped when the water content of the morinda officinalis is 10%.

The method for drying morinda officinalis disclosed by the invention is high in drying speed and efficiency, the prepared dried morinda officinalis is high in effective component content, long in quality guarantee period, full in shape and good in quality during storage, and at least the following beneficial effects are achieved: (1) the method adopts the high-temperature and high-humidity gas blanching technology as the pretreatment method of the morinda officinalis, so that the drying speed of the morinda officinalis is increased, and the production period is obviously shortened; meanwhile, blanching inhibits the activity of enzymes and microorganisms, and reduces the decay of fresh morinda officinalis and loss in the drying process;

(2) the invention organically combines vacuum pulse drying and microwave drying. The morinda officinalis is subjected to vacuum pulse drying in an alternate pulse circulation state of vacuum and normal pressure, and microscopic pore canals of the medicinal materials are continuously extruded and expanded to form channels among micropores, so that the migration speed of internal moisture and heat to the surface is accelerated, the drying uniformity is improved, the drying temperature is reduced, and the loss of active ingredients of the morinda officinalis is reduced;

(3) the invention adopts a vacuum microwave drying mode, has the advantages of high drying speed, no pollution and the like, has the advantages of microwave drying and vacuum drying, overcomes the defect of independent microwave drying carbonization, solves the problem of difficult heat transfer of a medium under a vacuum condition, reduces the cost and shortens the drying time.

Detailed Description

A method for drying radix Morindae officinalis by combination of vacuum pulsation and microwave comprises the following steps:

(1) cleaning morinda officinalis with clear water, and cutting into 6-9 mm thin slices by using a slicing machine;

(2) blanching, inactivating enzyme and sterilizing the cleaned morinda officinalis by using high-humidity superheated steam: the blanching temperature of the superheated steam is 100-120 ℃, the relative humidity is 30-60%, the gas flow rate is 12-24 m/s, and the blanching time is 60-90 s;

(3) carrying out vacuum pulse drying on the blanched, enzyme-deactivated and sterilized morinda officinalis: drying in a drying chamber at 50-80 ℃, pulsing at a vacuum degree of 0MPa to 0.05-0.095 MPa in a pulsation ratio of 10-15 min: 2-6 min, and stopping drying when the water content of morinda officinalis is reduced to 15-30%;

(4) carrying out vacuum microwave drying on morinda officinalis subjected to vacuum pulse drying: the microwave power density is: 0.6-3W/g, relative pressure of 0-0.08Mpa, microwave action time of 20-50 min, and drying when water content of radix Morindae officinalis is less than 10%.

The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples, which are provided only for describing in detail the present invention, but not for limiting the present invention, a method for drying morinda officinalis how using vacuum pulsation in combination with vacuum microwave.