阅读说明：本技术 一种厚型防开裂保温秸秆墙板及其制备方法 (Thick anti-cracking heat-insulation straw wallboard and preparation method thereof ) 是由 季杰 李宇泽 蒋蕾 杨菁菁 于 2020-04-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种厚型防开裂保温秸秆墙板及其制备方法。该方法先将秸秆焚烧,得到草木灰,再与水混合形成草木灰溶液,将麦秸秆浸泡于草木灰溶液,然后分离；再将麦秸秆晾干-浸泡水玻璃-晾干-编绳；将草木灰溶液烘干,得到粉体A；将麦秸秆按横向纵向交叉编织得到秸秆网,将多个秸秆网堆叠放置于热压机的模具中；将谷类秸秆用粉碎机粉碎,将其与粉体A和阻燃胶黏剂混匀后倒入模具中,热压成型；将秸秆板外涂满生漆,包裹上玻璃纤维网格布,再涂上阻燃胶黏剂,制成厚型防开裂保温秸秆墙板。本发明的生产原料是农作物废弃料,生产节能环保,还能防止秸秆霉变虫蛀,有效避免秸秆墙板开裂、断层、滑移,生产过程易于控制,生成成本低。(The invention discloses a thick anti-cracking heat-insulation straw wallboard and a preparation method thereof. Firstly, burning straws to obtain plant ash, mixing the plant ash with water to form a plant ash solution, soaking the wheat straws in the plant ash solution, and then separating; then airing the wheat straws, soaking the wheat straws in water glass, airing and weaving ropes; drying the plant ash solution to obtain powder A; weaving wheat straws transversely and longitudinally in a crossed manner to obtain a straw net, and stacking a plurality of straw nets in a mould of a hot press; crushing the cereal straws by using a crusher, uniformly mixing the crushed cereal straws with the powder A and the flame-retardant adhesive, pouring the mixture into a mold, and performing hot press molding; and (3) coating raw lacquer outside the straw board, wrapping the raw lacquer with glass fiber gridding cloth, and coating a flame-retardant adhesive to prepare the thick anti-cracking heat-insulation straw wallboard. The production raw materials of the invention are crop wastes, the production is energy-saving and environment-friendly, the straw can be prevented from being mildewed and damaged by worms, the cracking, the fault and the slippage of the straw wallboard are effectively avoided, the production process is easy to control, and the production cost is low.)

1. A preparation method of a thick anti-cracking heat-insulation straw wallboard is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) firstly, mixing wheat straw and cereal straw according to the ratio of 3-5: 7-10 to obtain plant ash, mixing the plant ash with water to form a plant ash solution, soaking another wheat straw in the plant ash solution for a period of time, and then separating the wheat straw from the plant ash solution;

(2) airing the separated wheat straws, soaking the wheat straws in water glass, taking out the wheat straws after 2 hours, airing the wheat straws, and weaving straw ropes with the diameter of 2-6 cm;

(3) heating the plant ash solution obtained in the step 1 to evaporate water to obtain powder A;

(4) weaving straw ropes transversely and longitudinally in a crossed mode and fastening the straw ropes through outer ropes to obtain latticed wheat straw nets, wherein the single lattice size of each wheat straw net is 30-100mm, 2-5 wheat straw nets are stacked together and laid in a mold of a hot press, a layer of plastic net is clamped between every two wheat straw nets, and the mesh size of each plastic net is not smaller than 20 mm;

(5) crushing cereal crop straws to the length of less than 5cm by using a crusher, and mixing the crushed cereal crop straws with the powder A and the flame-retardant adhesive according to the mass ratio of 10: 0.2-0.5: 4-6, pouring the mixture into a mold of a steam injection press, and performing hot press molding;

(6) and (3) coating raw lacquer on the outer surface of the wheat straw board, wrapping a layer of glass fiber mesh cloth, and finally coating the periphery of the wheat straw board with a flame-retardant adhesive to prepare the thick anti-cracking heat-insulation straw wallboard.

2. The preparation method of the thick anti-cracking heat-insulating straw wallboard according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the cereal crop straw is one or a mixture of wheat straw, rice straw, corn straw and sorghum straw.

3. The preparation method of the thick anti-cracking heat-insulating straw wallboard according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the concentration of the plant ash solution is 20-40 g/L, and the wheat straws are soaked for 10-60 minutes.

4. The preparation method of the thick anti-cracking heat-insulating straw wallboard according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the length of the cereal crop straw is 0.5-5 cm.

5. The preparation method of the thick anti-cracking heat-insulating straw wallboard according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the plant ash solution is adopted for impregnation at the temperature of 45-85 ℃.

6. The preparation method of the thick anti-cracking thermal insulation straw wallboard as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cereal crop straw is subjected to pretreatment after being crushed, the crushed cereal crop straw is placed in a reaction container, and then the pressure is 15 × 10 through adding⁵To 20 × 10⁵Pascal and temperature 160-220 deg.C saturated steam, then after a period of cooking, depressurizing the reaction vessel to return the pressure to atmospheric pressure and withdrawing the cereal crop straw.

7. The preparation method of the thick anti-cracking heat-insulating straw wallboard according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the flame-retardant adhesive is prepared by the following method: adding 40-60 parts of acrylic emulsion, 40-66 parts of water, 15-20 parts of magnesium oxide, 3-7 parts of ethyl orthosilicate, 6-10 parts of citric acid, 2-4 parts of acetanilide, 4-10 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 2004-10 parts of polyethylene glycol, 3-6 parts of polydimethylsiloxane, 6-10 parts of urea and 5-9 parts of polyamide polyamine epoxy chloropropane into a container according to parts by weight, and uniformly stirring to prepare the flame-retardant adhesive.

8. The preparation method of the thick anti-cracking heat-insulating straw wallboard according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the modulus of the water glass is 3.0-3.3, and the solid content is more than or equal to 30%.

9. The thick anti-cracking heat-insulation straw wallboard prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-8 is characterized in that: the thickness of the thick anti-cracking heat-insulation straw wall plate is 5-15 cm.

Technical Field

The invention particularly relates to a thick anti-cracking heat-insulation straw wallboard and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Crop straws are a by-product of agricultural production with the largest quantity in the world, and are an important biological resource capable of being comprehensively utilized. With the development of agricultural production and rural energy cause, a large amount of residual straw is generated, and the problem of processing the residual straw is increasingly prominent. The straw has excellent building performance, plant fibers such as straw and the like are used as building materials in the history of human construction, and the straw has excellent performances of light weight, heat preservation, heat insulation, sound absorption, toughness and energy conservation. The prior research shows that the heat insulation performance of the straw brick wall is the best, the heat conductivity coefficient of the straw is only 3% of that of concrete, the heat insulation coefficient of the wallboard with the thickness of 200 mm is 4 times higher than that of the clay brick wall with the thickness of 370 mm, and the heating heat consumption and the cost are reduced by 4 times. The mass of the straw brick or straw wallboard is about 20-25% of that of the clay brick wall, and the manufacturing cost is only 70% of that of the clay brick wall. Therefore, the reasonable treatment and resource utilization of the wastes such as the straws and the like are very important for clean and efficient production and sustainable development.

However, due to the restriction of various factors, the development of straw building materials is limited by bottlenecks and does not have good performance in the market. At present, most of research directions on straw boards focus on how to improve the bonding performance of straws and adhesives. However, the straw contains substances such as pectin and ash, and if cellulose is not extracted, the adhesive is difficult to enter straw pores, so that the performance of the straw product is poor, and a good market is not provided. At present, cellulose in the waste water is decomposed, phenol and sodium hydroxide are generally adopted for treatment, and the waste water is prepared in a large scale, so that the problem of treating a large amount of sewage is solved, the cost is greatly increased, and the problem also exists in the existing treatment technology. Meanwhile, the dangerous phenomenon of expansion and cracking of the straw building materials can be generated in the middle and later periods of the humid environment, and the phenomenon of mildew of the straws in the humid environment in the south during production and use is not considered. The method is a commercial development scheme which needs to deeply research straws and explore a method which can not involve a large amount of sewage treatment, improve the mechanical property of the straw board and has low cost.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a thick anti-cracking heat-insulation straw wallboard and a preparation method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a thick anti-cracking heat-insulation straw wallboard comprises the following steps:

(1) firstly, mixing wheat straw and cereal straw according to the ratio of 3-5: 7-10 to obtain plant ash, mixing the plant ash with water to form a plant ash solution, soaking another wheat straw in the plant ash solution for a period of time, and then separating the wheat straw from the plant ash solution;

(2) airing the separated wheat straws, soaking the wheat straws in water glass, taking out the wheat straws after 2 hours, airing the wheat straws, and weaving straw ropes with the diameter of 2-6 cm;

(3) heating the plant ash solution obtained in the step 1 to evaporate water to obtain powder A;

(4) weaving straw ropes transversely and longitudinally in a crossed mode and fastening the straw ropes through outer ropes to obtain latticed wheat straw nets, wherein the single lattice size of each wheat straw net is 30-100mm, 2-5 wheat straw nets are stacked together and laid in a mold of a hot press, a layer of plastic net is clamped between every two wheat straw nets, and the mesh size of each plastic net is not smaller than 20 mm;

(5) crushing cereal crop straws to the length of less than 3cm by using a crusher, and then mixing the crushed cereal crop straws with the powder A and the flame-retardant adhesive according to the mass ratio of 10: 0.2-0.5: 4-6, pouring the mixture into a mold of a steam injection press, and performing hot press molding;

(6) and (3) coating raw lacquer on the outer surface of the wheat straw board, wrapping a layer of glass fiber mesh cloth, and finally coating the periphery of the wheat straw board with a flame-retardant adhesive to prepare the thick anti-cracking heat-insulation straw wallboard.

The cereal crop straw is one or a mixture of wheat straw, rice straw, corn straw and sorghum straw.

The concentration of the plant ash solution is 20-40 g/L, and the wheat straws are soaked for 10-60 minutes.

The length of the cereal crop straw is 0.5-5 cm.

The plant ash solution is adopted for impregnation at the temperature of 45-85 ℃.

The modulus of the water glass is 3.0-3.3, and the solid content is more than or equal to 35%.

The cereal crop straw is pretreated after being crushed by placing the crushed cereal crop straw in a reaction vessel and then adding the crushed cereal crop straw under the pressure of 15 × 10⁵To 20 × 10⁵Pascal and temperature 160-220 deg.C saturated steam, then after a period of cooking, depressurizing the reaction vessel to return the pressure to atmospheric pressure and withdrawing the cereal crop straw.

The flame-retardant adhesive is prepared by the following method: adding 40-60 parts of acrylic emulsion, 40-66 parts of water, 15-20 parts of magnesium oxide, 3-7 parts of ethyl orthosilicate, 6-10 parts of citric acid, 2-4 parts of acetanilide, 4-10 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 2004-10 parts of polyethylene glycol, 3-6 parts of polydimethylsiloxane, 6-10 parts of urea and 5-9 parts of polyamide polyamine epoxy chloropropane into a container according to parts by weight, and uniformly stirring to prepare the flame-retardant adhesive.

The thickness of the thick anti-cracking heat-insulation straw wallboard prepared by the preparation method is 5-15 cm.

Has the advantages that:

(1) the raw material crop waste is produced, the surface pectin layer is removed by adopting plant ash treatment, the surface roughness is obviously increased, the relative content of the hemicellulose in the straws is reduced, the bonding capability of the straw waste is enhanced, compared with the traditional alkali treatment method, the method has the same effect, does not pollute the environment, saves the cost, is energy-saving and environment-friendly, the plant ash is recycled and used in the straw wallboard, pathogenic bacteria and viruses can be effectively killed, and simultaneously, the insect and mildew prevention effects of the outermost layer of glass fiber mesh cloth and raw lacquer are matched, so that the straw mildew and worm-eating prevention are effectively realized.

(2) After the cereal crop straws are crushed and pretreated, the cereal crop straws can be softened or dissolved to a certain degree, the cereal crop straws are fully contacted with the flame-retardant adhesive when the straw plate is formed, and the flame-retardant adhesive permeates into the cereal crop straw fibers. When the plate is formed, the cereal crop straws permeated with the flame-retardant adhesive are interwoven with the wheat straws, so that the interface combination of the wheat straw fibers and the cereal crop straws is enhanced, the mechanical property and the waterproof property of the product are improved, and the plate has good impact resistance and can be widely applied to the building industry.

(3) The wheat straw net structure is matched with the characteristics of light weight and high strength of the glass fiber gridding cloth, so that the whole surface tension shrinkage of the straw smearing plate and the cracking caused by external force are effectively avoided, and the impact resistance and the folding resistance of the straw plate are also improved. Meanwhile, the glass fiber mesh cloth and the raw lacquer which are wrapped on the outermost layer enable the straw board to form a protective layer with high hardness and toughness, and the original straw board made of flexible materials is changed into a material which is flexible and rigid. Meanwhile, a protective layer formed by the plastic net, the glass fiber mesh cloth and the raw lacquer among the wheat straw nets can effectively prevent the wall body from being too thick to cause faults and slippage.

(4) Can be prepared according to market demands, and has a thickness of 5-18 cm and a density of 0.6 g/m³-1g/m³The light heat-insulation straw wallboard with heat insulation, freezing resistance, water resistance, insect prevention, corrosion prevention and cracking prevention has the advantages of easy control of the production process and low production cost.

(5) The problem of firm combination of the straw and the traditional internal and external wall body enclosure and the veneer is solved, and the service performance and the efficiency of the straw plate are improved. The flame-retardant adhesive coating is arranged on the surface of the straw, so that the rigidity strength of the straw plate body can be properly enhanced, the flatness of the straw plate is ensured, and the bonding capacity of the whole wallboard and traditional plastering mortar such as cement is improved.

Detailed Description