阅读说明：本技术 一种根皮苷的合成方法 (Synthetic method of phlorizin ) 是由 郭文华 肖金霞 赵景辉 于 2019-12-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种根皮苷的合成方法,更加安全、简单、无毒化。本发明以柚皮苷为起始原料,将其置于碱液中开环催化加氢、纯化后制得柚皮苷二氢查耳酮精品,再由鼠李糖酶水解柚皮苷二氢查耳酮精品,水解制得根皮苷。(The invention provides a synthesis method of phlorizin, which is safer, simpler and nontoxic. The invention takes naringin as an initial raw material, the naringin is placed in alkali liquor for ring opening, catalytic hydrogenation and purification to prepare a refined naringin dihydrochalcone product, and the refined naringin dihydrochalcone product is hydrolyzed by rhamnosidase to prepare phlorizin.)

1. A synthetic method of phlorizin is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) preparation of crude and wet naringin dihydrochalcone

1.1) dissolving a raw material naringin in a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 5%, adding a catalytic amount of Raney nickel catalyst, placing at room temperature, carrying out hydrogenation reaction under the hydrogen pressure of 0.5Mp, and stopping the reaction when the liquid-phase monitoring reaction reaches the naringin dihydrochalcone content of 97-98% to obtain a reaction solution;

1.2) filtering the reaction liquid obtained in the step 1.1), removing the catalyst, cooling to 0-5 ℃, and adjusting the pH of the reaction liquid to 4-5; heating to 5-10 deg.C, maintaining the temperature, and press-filtering to obtain crude and wet naringin dihydrochalcone;

2) preparation of refined naringin dihydrochalcone

2.1) adding 95% ethanol into the crude and wet naringin dihydrochalcone product obtained in the step 1), heating to dissolve, decoloring, filtering, and concentrating to dryness to obtain crystals;

2.2) adding hot water into the crystal obtained in the step 2.1) for dissolving, recrystallizing, centrifuging and drying to obtain a refined naringin dihydrochalcone product;

3) preparation of crude phlorizin

3.1) adding purified water and rhamnosidase which is 0.5-0.6 times of the refined naringin dihydrochalcone obtained in the step 2) into the refined naringin dihydrochalcone, stirring, and carrying out enzymatic hydrolysis reaction;

3.2) after the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction is finished, cooling the hydrolysate to room temperature, and filtering to obtain a crude phlorizin product.

2. The method for synthesizing phlorizin according to claim 1, further comprising, after the step 3):

step 4) preparing refined phlorizin

Pulping the crude phlorizin obtained in the step 3) by using purified water in an amount which is 3 times that of the crude phlorizin to obtain a refined phlorizin product.

3. The method for synthesizing phlorizin according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the step 1.1), the mass ratio of the raw material naringin to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1: 10.

4. The method for synthesizing phlorizin according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step 1.1), the addition amount of the Raney nickel catalyst is 7% of the mass of the raw material naringin.

5. The method for synthesizing phlorizin according to claim 4, characterized in that: in step 1.1), the hydrogenation reaction was carried out for 1.5 h.

6. The method for synthesizing phlorizin according to claim 5, characterized in that the specific steps of step 1.2) are as follows: filtering the reaction liquid obtained in the step 1.1), removing the catalyst, cooling to 0-5 ℃, and adding concentrated hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH of the reaction liquid to 4-5; and then heating to 5-10 ℃, preserving the heat for 4 hours, and then performing plate-and-frame filter pressing to obtain the crude and wet naringin dihydrochalcone.

7. The method for synthesizing phlorizin according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the specific steps of step 2.1) are: adding 2 times of 95% ethanol in mass concentration into the crude and wet naringin dihydrochalcone product obtained in the step 1), and heating for dissolving; and adding active carbon with 1% mass of crude and wet naringin dihydrochalcone, decolorizing at 60 deg.C for 60min, filtering, concentrating to dry, and making into crystal.

8. The method for synthesizing phlorizin according to claim 7, characterized in that the specific steps of step 2.2) are as follows: adding water 2 times the amount of the crude and wet naringin dihydrochalcone product obtained in the step 2.1) to the crystal, dissolving at 90-100 ℃, cooling to 5-10 ℃, recrystallizing, centrifuging and drying to obtain the refined naringin dihydrochalcone product.

9. The method for synthesizing phlorizin according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the specific steps of step 3.1) are: adding 10 times of purified water and 0.6 times of rhamnosidase into the refined naringin dihydrochalcone obtained in the step 2), and stirring at 35-38 ℃ for carrying out enzymatic hydrolysis reaction for 5 h.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of food additives, and particularly relates to a synthetic method of phlorizin.

Background

Phlorizin is a glycoside formed by combining phloretin and glycoside into glucoside, belongs to dihydrochalcone substances in flavonoids, is hydrolyzed to form glucose, and is considered as a storage form of carbohydrate by many scholars due to high content of glucose. The phlorizin is extracted from apples, apple barks, apple leaves and the like, is phenolic substances in apple trees, and researches show that the phlorizin accounts for 95 percent of the total content of the phenolic substances in the apple trees, so that the existence state of the phlorizin can influence the existence state of classified substances, and the degradation product phloroglucin has the effect of effectively inhibiting microbial activities.

Phlorizin has numerous advantages:

1. various flavones can eliminate superoxide anion to a certain extentSeed O₂The function of the free radical, such as-, the antioxidant ability comes from the hydrogen-donating or electron-donating ability of the phenolic hydroxyl group; the phlorizin, as a brass substance, also has certain oxidation resistance and oxidation resistance characteristics. Although phlorizin weakens the oxidation resistance on the molecular structure due to glycosylation of 2' -hydroxyl, the comprehensive oxidation resistance of phlorizin is still higher than that of VC and VE, and the phlorizin has a unique oxidation resistance mechanism. In addition, phlorizin can be hydrolyzed in vivo to remove glycosyl to generate phloretin, and has better oxidation resistance.

2. Phlorizin has antitumor activity and therapeutic effect on skin cancer, and can inhibit melanin formation and reduce the color of dark brown, gray spots and freckles when used in facial products.

3. Recent clinical studies at home and abroad show that phlorizin has good curative effect on the aspect of treating diabetes. Many scientists use phlorizin in research on the pathogenesis of diabetes and in exploring methods for treating diabetes, so that research on treating diabetes can be rapidly and smoothly carried out.

The tender leaves of the apples and the lithocarpus polystachyus rehd are rich in phlorizin (Phloridzin), and researches in recent years find that the phlorizin has some unique functions and has good prevention and treatment effects on diabetes and complications thereof. A review is made on the research progress in the field at home and abroad so as to provide some help for the development and utilization of phlorizin.

Phlorizin competitively inhibits transport of glucose molecules exclusively by SGLT1 and SGLT 2. Phlorizin has been shown to promote glucose secretion, reduce fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels, without hypoglycemic side effects in several animal models. Treatment of diabetic rats with phlorizin restores their insulin sensitivity to normal, eliminating or reducing insulin resistance caused by glucotoxicity.

4. Recent research by media reports in foreign countries has shown that women eating 1 or more apples per day have a higher quality of sexual life than women eating less than 1 apple, because apples contain a compound called "phlorizin" which is very similar in function to "estradiol", an estrogen which plays an important role in sexual arousal, which is why regular consumption of apples increases female sexual function.

5. Brain activity consumes a large amount of energy supplied by glucose, and many evidences demonstrate that circulating blood glucose levels control the process of learning and memory, and that the effects of many memory-improving drugs are related to the ability to release liver glycogen, increase brain blood glucose levels and utilization. Phlorizin inhibits the entry of blood glucose into the brain, and therefore the mechanism of phlorizin enhancing brain memory is apparently independent of blood glucose levels or the brain's ability to absorb sugars.

The phlorizin can be used as an antioxidant added into food, although the antioxidant property of the phlorizin is inferior to that of quercetin glycoside, proanthocyanidin, chlorogenic acid and other ingredients in apple polyphenol, because the phlorizin has the function of reducing hyperglycemia, the purpose of reducing hyperglycemia can be achieved and the problem of food oxidation is solved if the phlorizin is used for functional food.

At present, methods for extracting phlorizin include a resin adsorption method, a polyamide chromatographic column separation method and an extraction method. The resin adsorption method has the advantages of large adsorption capacity, good selectivity, easy desorption, high mechanical strength, simple regeneration treatment, high adsorption speed and no environmental pollution, but the toxicity problem of the pore-making agent used in the preparation process of the macroporous resin is always the focus of the technical controversial, and the toxicity problem becomes an obstacle for separating phlorizin by utilizing the macroporous resin adsorption technology. The polyamide chromatographic column separation method has the disadvantages of simple operation, good separation effect, high load and less non-specific adsorption, and the method has the disadvantages that methanol with moderate toxic action on human bodies is adopted as an eluent in the elution process, the methanol has great influence on the nervous system and the blood system of the human bodies, and the methanol can generate toxic reaction when being taken into the human bodies through the alimentary canal, the respiratory tract or the skin. The extraction method uses ethanol and ethyl acetate which have less toxicity to human bodies in the process of extracting phlorizin, but uses the ethanol as an extracting agent in the purification process, and the ethanol has a paralysis effect on human nerves, so that the phlorizin is difficult to apply to medicines and foods in consideration of the safety problem. Therefore, new processes need to be researched for extracting phlorizin. At present, no safer and nontoxic phlorizin synthesis process is found.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a safer, simpler and nontoxic method for synthesizing the hesperidin.

The mechanism of the invention is as follows:

naringin is used as a starting material, the naringin is placed in alkali liquor for ring opening, catalytic hydrogenation and purification are carried out to prepare a refined naringin dihydrochalcone product, and the refined naringin dihydrochalcone product is hydrolyzed by rhamnosidase to prepare phlorizin. Wherein naringin can be purchased directly from the market.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical solution provided by the invention is as follows:

a synthetic method of phlorizin is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) preparation of crude and wet naringin dihydrochalcone

1.1) dissolving a raw material naringin in a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 5%, adding a catalytic amount of Raney nickel catalyst, placing at room temperature, carrying out hydrogenation reaction under the hydrogen pressure of 0.5Mp, and stopping the reaction when the liquid-phase monitoring reaction reaches the naringin dihydrochalcone content of 97-98% to obtain a reaction solution;

1.2) filtering the reaction liquid obtained in the step 1), removing the catalyst, cooling to 0-5 ℃, and adjusting the pH of the reaction liquid to 4-5; heating to 5-10 deg.C, maintaining the temperature, and press-filtering to obtain crude and wet naringin dihydrochalcone;

2) preparation of refined naringin dihydrochalcone

2.1) adding 95% ethanol into the crude and wet naringin dihydrochalcone product obtained in the step 1), heating to dissolve, decoloring, filtering, and concentrating to dryness to obtain crystals;

2.2) adding hot water into the crystal obtained in the step 2.1) for dissolving, recrystallizing, centrifuging and drying to obtain a refined naringin dihydrochalcone product;

3) preparation of crude phlorizin

3.1) adding purified water and rhamnosidase which is 0.5-0.6 times of the refined naringin dihydrochalcone obtained in the step 2) into the refined naringin dihydrochalcone, stirring, and carrying out enzymatic hydrolysis reaction;

3.2) after the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction is finished, cooling the hydrolysate to room temperature, and filtering to obtain a crude phlorizin product.

Further, step 3) is followed by:

step 4) preparing refined phlorizin

Pulping the crude phlorizin obtained in the step 3) by using purified water in an amount which is 3 times that of the crude phlorizin to obtain a refined phlorizin product.

Further, in the step 1.1), the mass ratio of the raw material naringin to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1: 10.

Furthermore, the addition amount of the Raney nickel catalyst is 7 percent of the mass of the raw material naringin.

Further, the hydrogenation reaction was carried out for 1.5 h.

Further, the specific steps of step 1.2) are: filtering the reaction liquid obtained in the step 1.1), removing the catalyst, cooling to 0-5 ℃, and adding concentrated hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH of the reaction liquid to 4-5; and then heating to 5-10 ℃, preserving the heat for 4 hours, and then performing plate-and-frame filter pressing to obtain the crude and wet naringin dihydrochalcone.

Further, the specific steps of step 2.1) are: adding 2 times of 95% ethanol in mass concentration into the crude and wet naringin dihydrochalcone product obtained in the step 1), and heating for dissolving; and adding active carbon with 1% mass of crude and wet naringin dihydrochalcone, decolorizing at 60 deg.C for 60min, filtering, concentrating to dry, and making into crystal.

Further, the specific steps of step 2.2) are: adding water 2 times the amount of the crude and wet naringin dihydrochalcone product obtained in the step 2.1) to the crystal, dissolving at 90-100 ℃, cooling to 5-10 ℃, recrystallizing, centrifuging and drying to obtain the refined naringin dihydrochalcone product.

Further, the specific step of the step 3.1) is to add 10 times of purified water and 0.6 times of rhamnosidase into the refined naringin dihydrochalcone obtained in the step 2), and stir at 35-38 ℃ for enzymatic hydrolysis reaction for 5 h.

The invention has the advantages that:

the invention takes naringin as raw material, and the naringin is subjected to ring opening in alkaline environment, hydrogenation reduction reaction and purification to prepare refined naringin dihydrochalcone, and then rhamnosidase is utilized to carry out hydrolysis reaction to prepare phlorizin, and purified water is adopted for purifying the phlorizin. The raw materials used in the method are rich in sources and easy to obtain, and the solvents used in the preparation process are environment-friendly and nontoxic, so that the method is more suitable for production and processing of food additives.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples: