阅读说明：本技术 以生化黄腐酸为主产品对棉花生产副产物的综合利用方法 (Comprehensive utilization method of cotton production by-products by using biochemical fulvic acid as main product ) 是由 沈楠 任从容 沈田 祝康祥 沈井然 于 2019-11-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种对棉花生产副产物的综合利用方法,对棉籽粕、棉籽壳、棉秸秆这些棉花种植、生产的副产物进行综合利用。分为初始三大处理步骤：包括棉籽糖的提取,棉籽粕发酵制蛋白饲料,棉籽壳发酵制优质饲料；将三大处理后的残存物,包括棉籽糖的提取后的残液和渣,棉籽粕发酵后的残液和渣,棉籽壳发酵过程的残液和渣,加上整理后作为主原料的棉秸秆一道作为生物发酵原料,来制取生化黄腐酸。针对目前在我国新疆大面积种植棉花,而副产物棉籽粕、棉秸秆等利用率低,造成巨大浪费的尴尬局面所提出的综合利用的新思路与方法。(The invention discloses a method for comprehensively utilizing byproducts of cotton production, which comprehensively utilizes the byproducts of cotton planting and production, such as cottonseed meal, cottonseed hulls and cotton straws. The method comprises the following three initial processing steps: comprises the steps of extracting raffinose, fermenting cottonseed meal to prepare protein feed, and fermenting cottonseed hulls to prepare high-quality feed; the three residues after treatment, including the raffinate and the dregs after the extraction of raffinose, the raffinate and the dregs after the fermentation of cottonseed meal, the raffinate and the dregs during the fermentation of cottonseed hulls, and cotton straws which are used as main raw materials after finishing are used as biological fermentation raw materials to prepare the biochemical fulvic acid. Aiming at the embarrassing situation that the utilization rate of by-products, namely cottonseed meal, cotton straws and the like is low and huge waste is caused when cotton is planted in large area in Xinjiang in China at present, the method and the device are provided.)

1. A method for comprehensively utilizing byproducts of cotton production is characterized in that the byproducts of cottonseed meal, cottonseed hulls and cotton straws are comprehensively utilized and comprises three initial treatment steps of extracting raffinose, fermenting the cottonseed meal to prepare protein feed and fermenting the cottonseed hulls to prepare high-quality feed; the residue after three treatments, including raffinate and residue after raffinose extraction, raffinate and residue after cottonseed meal fermentation, raffinate and residue in the cottonseed hull fermentation process, and cotton straw which is used as a main raw material after finishing are used as a biological fermentation raw material to prepare the biochemical fulvic acid.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of extracting raffinose comprises: screening, finishing and cleaning cottonseed meal to remove impurities and dust; metering the cottonseed meal with excessive water removed, feeding the cottonseed meal into an ultrasonic-assisted extraction tank, extracting the cottonseed meal for two to four times by using concentrated ethanol (50-90 percent) at the temperature of 50-70 ℃ to extract raffinose components; the extracting solution is processed by deproteinization, filtering and decoloring, concentration and crystallization units to obtain the raffinose.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the soaked cottonseed meal is biochemically fermented to produce a high protein feed; the process waste liquid and residue produced in the process are used as raw materials for biochemical fermentation to prepare biochemical fulvic acid.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the sugar extracted cottonseed meal is washed twice with water and centrifuged to recover residual ethanol.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein deproteinization is carried out using a protein coagulant.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biochemical fulvic acid is prepared from the process waste liquid and residue generated in the process of preparing high-quality feed by treating and biochemical fermentation of cottonseed hulls.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cotton straw is treated and crushed, then the process waste liquid and the residue are mixed according to a certain proportion, the self-made composite strain and self-prepared nutrient water are added, aerobic fermentation is carried out at a certain temperature to obtain clinker rich in biochemical fulvic acid, and then a series of treatments are carried out to obtain the finished product biochemical fulvic acid.

Technical Field

The invention discloses a novel idea and a method for comprehensive utilization, which are provided aiming at the awkward situation that the utilization rate of by-product cottonseed meal and cotton straw is low and huge waste is caused when cotton is planted in large area in Xinjiang in China at present.

Background

Cotton, a seed fiber of Malvaceae (Malvaceae) cotton (Gossypium) plants, is native to subtropics. The plant is shrubbery and can grow to 6 meters in height, generally 1 to 2 meters, when cultivated in tropical regions. Flowers are milky white and turn deep red shortly after flowering and then wither, leaving a small green capsule called boll. The cotton bolls are filled with cotton seeds, fuzz on the cotton seeds grows out of the cotton seed skins and fills the cotton bolls, and the cotton bolls crack when mature to expose soft fibers.

The origins of cotton are India and Arabia. Before the cotton is introduced into China, China only has kapok for filling cotton with pillowslip and has no cotton capable of being woven. In the former dynasty, China only has the cotton with silk and does not have the cotton with wood. The word "cotton" appeared only from "Song dynasty book". It is seen that cotton was introduced at the latest in the south-north direction, but most in the border regions. Lots of cotton is introduced into the interior, and when the history records in the early period of the last period of Song, it means that "Song Yuan is originally bred in China, Guanshangmen gets its profit, and covers this thing to come out of Yi, Guanguanguantong vessel, and Guanshantong west. "from this point on, the cotton is introduced into the sea and land. The Quanzhou cotton is introduced from sea and is popularized in the south quickly, and the popularization of the nationwide cotton is delayed to the beginning of Ming dynasty, so that the Quanzhou cotton is pushed away by a forced method through the vermilion patch.

Cotton is one of the most important crops in the world, and has large yield, low production cost and lower price of cotton products. The main and auxiliary products of cotton have higher utilization value, just as the former says that the whole body of cotton is treasure. It is not only the most important fiber crop, but also the important oil crop, and the grain crop containing high protein, and also the textile, fine chemical material and important strategic material. Therefore, the cotton needs to be increased in yield, comprehensively utilized and increased in yield, so as to increase the income of cotton farmers and meet the various needs of national economic development.

The countries with the highest cotton production are china, the united states, india, brazil, mexico, egypt, pakistan, turkey, argentina and sudan. According to the data published by the State statistics office in 2019 in 3 months, the cotton yield in China in 2018 is 610 ten thousand tons. In Xinjiang, the cotton sowing area in 2018 is 3737 ten thousand mu, the cotton yield is 511.1 thousand tons, and the cotton yield accounts for 83.80 percent of the cotton yield in China.

According to the conventional calculation, 511.1 ten thousand tons of cotton are harvested and simultaneously huge amounts of byproducts are produced in the Xinjiang area.

1. The cotton yield published by the state is the ginned cotton yield, and 3 tons of ginned cotton can be processed by 10 tons of seed cotton.

2. The yield of 511.1 ten thousand tons of cotton needs 1704 tons of seed cotton to be processed. The remainder is the cotton seeds, which are about 1190 ten thousand tons.

3. 130kg of cottonseed oil can be squeezed from 1 ton of cottonseed to obtain 500kg of cottonseed meal and 350kg of cottonseed hulls. 154 million tons of cottonseed oil, 595 million tons of cottonseed meal and 416 million tons of cottonseed hulls can be squeezed out of cotton planted in the Xinjiang area in 2018.

4. It is reported that 200kg of cotton straws can be recovered in one mu of cotton field, and 747 ten thousand tons of cotton straws can be recovered in 3737 ten thousand mu of cotton field.

From the above statistical and calculated data, it can be seen that the amount of resources including by-products of cotton in Xinjiang is very abundant. However, there are serious deficiencies in the utilization of these by-products in the Sinkiang area.

The department of agricultural products processing in the department of agriculture, 12 months in 2014 deeply investigated the problem of comprehensive utilization of agricultural products and processing byproducts according to the major problem investigation scheme in the year 2014 in the ministry of agriculture, and two problems are surrounded by the whole report of the research report of the problem of comprehensive utilization of agricultural products and processing byproducts. Firstly, the comprehensive utilization status of agricultural products and processing byproducts in China is great and worried; secondly, the comprehensive utilization of agricultural products and processing byproducts is strengthened, and the method is beneficial to the present generation and the fall.

An article, state of comprehensive utilization and countermeasures of Xinjiang cotton byproducts, was published by the economic research institute of Xinjiang reform Committee in 2008. The article also states: … … the development of the Sinkiang Cotton byproduct processing industry is still in its primary developmental stage, … …. The comprehensive utilization rate is not high. Some of the valuable by-products produced during the process are mostly sold at a low price or disposed of … … as waste.

The original most probable cotton by-products cause a great deal of waste due to the defects of people's recognition, improper method and improper work.

The comprehensive utilization of the byproducts generated in cotton planting by using modern industrial technology is an integral scheme. The byproducts are all utilized from the extraction of raffinose in the cottonseed meal, the biochemical fermentation of the cottonseed meal to prepare protein feed to the fermentation of the cotton straws after the arrangement and the crushing, and even the process waste liquid and the residues generated in the processing process of the byproducts are comprehensively utilized. The parts are organically combined, so that the aims of really eating and squeezing the cotton stalks out of the water, generating no environmental pollution and wasting one cotton stalk are achieved, and the best social benefit and economic benefit are created.

The consideration of the structure of the product is also based on the actual situation in Xinjiang. Xinjiang is a province in cotton production and also a province in animal husbandry. The development of the cotton producing province cannot be separated from the fertilizer, and the development of the livestock industry province cannot be separated from the feed. Our product design also encompasses these expansions.

Raffinose is an excellent nutrient source and an effective multiplication factor of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacterium, lactobacillus acidophilus and the like in intestinal tracts of human bodies, has the functions of regulating intestines and improving defecation, and can improve the digestion function of the human bodies and promote the absorption of the human bodies to calcium. But are anti-nutritional factors of monogastric animal feed, which affect the absorption of proteins by the animal. The removal is to be done as much as possible during the process of making the feed.

Gossypol is another anti-nutritional factor, and is highly toxic to animals, especially monogastric animals, and can cause growth retardation, decrease in reproductive performance and productivity, and even death due to excessive intake or long intake time. Young animals have a lower tolerance to gossypol. To obtain a good quality protein feed, the gossypol content must be reduced.

The whole process of comprehensive utilization is finally developed by taking biochemical fulvic acid as a center. In each other process, some residual wastes exist, and the residual wastes are all centralized to a biochemical fulvic acid plant for comprehensive utilization. The biochemical fulvic acid product is the agricultural project with the largest market capacity and the best development prospect. The use of livestock antibiotics is limited by the nation, the use amount of chemical fertilizers is reduced, the use amount of pesticides is reduced to the maximum extent, and the method can be realized only by developing biochemical fulvic acid products. One enterprise has analyzed this, assuming that 18 billion acres of land across the country are all used with biochemical fulvic acid products, and only 15 kilograms per acre of land are used per year, then national food production will be increased by 15%, whereas fulvic acid fertilizers require 2000 kilotons. This is how large an industrial setting.

We assume that 1000t raffinose is extracted in years to consider the problem. Calculated according to the standard of extracting 3% raffinose from cottonseed meal, 35000t of cottonseed meal is needed, 20000t of protein feed can be produced, and 5000t of fulvic acid raw powder and 50000t of high-quality organic fertilizer can be produced by matching with 50000t of cotton straw. In addition, 25000t of cottonseed hulls need to be treated to be processed into high-quality feed with special effect.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a novel idea and a method for comprehensive utilization aiming at the embarrassing situation that the utilization rate of by-product cottonseed meal and cotton straw is low and huge waste is caused when cotton is planted in large area in Xinjiang in China at present. The invention mainly provides a method for fully utilizing by-products, namely cottonseed meal and cotton straw resources, generated in the process of planting and harvesting cotton to produce material resources which are indispensable in national economy and are needed by the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, and solves the problems of resource waste and possible environmental pollution caused in the process of producing the products by a conventional method.

The technical scheme of the invention is that a method for comprehensively utilizing cotton production byproducts comprehensively utilizes cottonseed meal (products after cottonseed oil extraction) and cotton planting and production byproducts of cotton straws, and comprises three initial treatment steps: comprises the steps of extracting raffinose, fermenting cottonseed meal to prepare protein feed, and fermenting cottonseed hulls to prepare high-quality feed; the residue after the three treatments, including the raffinate and the residue after the extraction of raffinose, the raffinate and the residue after the fermentation of cottonseed meal, the raffinate and the residue in the fermentation process of cottonseed hulls, and the auxiliary materials which are used as finished cotton straws are used as biological fermentation raw materials to prepare the biochemical fulvic acid.

Extracting raffinose, namely performing the working procedures of finishing and cleaning cottonseed meal, and removing impurities and dust by screening and flushing with running water. Metering the cottonseed meal with excessive water removed, feeding the cottonseed meal into an ultrasonic-assisted extraction tank, and extracting the cottonseed meal for two to four times by using concentrated ethanol (50-90 percent) at the temperature of 50-70 ℃ to extract the raffinose components. The extracting solution is processed by units such as deproteinization, decoloration, concentration, crystallization and the like to obtain the raffinose. The cotton dregs after sugar extraction are washed twice and centrifugally dried to recover residual ethanol.

A large amount of waste residues and process waste liquid are generated in the processes of extracting, processing and refining and crystallizing the raffinose, and are collected and used as raw materials for producing the biochemical fulvic acid for secondary utilization.

During the extraction of the cottonseed meal, a portion of the gossypol is also dissolved into the extract. The small amount of gossypol is removed in two procedures of deproteinization and decoloration. (in the case of the extracted raffinose, no gossypol component was detected in a plurality of tests.)

The extracted cottonseed meal is subjected to biochemical fermentation to prepare high-protein feed; the process waste liquid and residue produced in the process are used as raw materials for biochemical fermentation to prepare biochemical fulvic acid.

The cottonseed meal is processed by biochemical fermentation to remove toxic substances and increase the beneficial components in the feed, the cottonseed meal after ethanol recovery is metered and then enters a biochemical fermentation tank, and various auxiliary materials and strains are added for fermentation treatment. Adding different strains, and fermenting at different fermentation temperatures for different fermentation times to obtain different fermentation products. And drying and crushing the fermented clinker to obtain the protein feed product. The reclaimed materials in the process are collected for later use.

The gossypol component contained in the cottonseed meal is dissolved and taken away in the process of leaching the raffinose, and the content of the gossypol component is greatly reduced. The content of the gossypol in the cottonseed meal is further reduced through microbial fermentation, and through multiple sample detections, the gossypol contained in the fermented cottonseed meal is lower than the index of the gossypol content of less than 0.040% in the spectrophotometry method in the national industry standard (GH-T1042-2007 dephenolized cottonseed protein).

A large amount of waste residues and process waste liquid are generated in the biochemical fermentation processing process of the cottonseed meal, and are collected to be used as raw materials for producing biochemical fulvic acid for secondary utilization.

The cotton straw is used as a main raw material, the recycled material is mixed, and biochemical fermentation processing is carried out to produce the biochemical fulvic acid. After the cotton straws are collected, the cotton straws need to be timely sorted and cleaned to remove impurities. After the cotton straws are crushed, other raw materials are mixed according to a proportion, self-made special strains, multiple waste residues and process waste liquid are added, and biochemical fermentation is carried out to prepare the biochemical fulvic acid.

Has the advantages that: the method realizes the purpose of completely eating and squeezing the byproducts generated in the cotton planting and production, and creates the best economic benefit. Pulverizing cotton straw, and performing biochemical fermentation to obtain biochemical fulvic acid.

The method takes cotton straws and leftovers after cottonseed meal which is a byproduct produced in the process of planting and harvesting cotton and is comprehensively utilized as ingredients, takes crushed cotton straws as raw materials, and adopts a biochemical technology to produce biochemical fulvic acid, which is not reported yet, is a new direction for comprehensively utilizing the cottonseed meal, the cotton straws and the like which are the byproducts, and simultaneously solves the problem of environmental pollution in the production process of a plurality of products, so that the method has multiple purposes and changes waste into valuable. The development of the biochemical fulvic acid (or salt) project, which is obtained from agricultural byproducts for people and the ground, is a good recycling mode of renewable resources. The embarrassing situation that the utilization rate of the byproducts, such as cottonseed meal, cotton straws and the like is low and huge waste is caused is solved; the supply resources of the protein which is in short supply in the animal husbandry are increased, the comprehensive quality of the vegetable protein is improved, and the import quantity of the vegetable protein is reduced; the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, the quality of agricultural and forestry products is improved, and the soil is improved. Is an item worthy of popularization.

Detailed description of the preferred embodiments

The following examples are further described.

1. And (4) extracting the raffinose.

Cleaning and draining cottonseed meal, metering the cottonseed meal, then feeding the cottonseed meal into an ultrasonic-assisted extraction tank, extracting the raffinose component for two to four times by using concentrated ethanol at the temperature of 50-70 ℃, and performing deproteinization, decoloration, concentration and crystallization on the extract to obtain the raffinose. And (5) carrying out secondary water washing on the cottonseed meal after sugar extraction to recover residual ethanol.

The cottonseed meal after sugar extraction is directly sent to a biochemical fermentation workshop to be used as a production raw material of protein feed. The process waste liquid, residue and the like generated in the raffinose extraction process are sent to a biochemical fulvic acid factory to be used as raw materials.

The efficacy and utility of raffinose is described in the disclosure of the raffinose introduction.

2. Production of high-quality protein feed.

Draining cotton dregs, feeding into biochemical fermenting tank, adding auxiliary materials and bacterial strain, and fermenting. Adding different strains, and fermenting at different fermentation temperatures for different fermentation times to obtain different fermentation products. And drying and crushing the fermented clinker to obtain the protein feed product.

The process waste liquid and residue produced in the production process of fermentation and the like are sent to a biochemical fulvic acid factory to be used as raw materials.

The cottonseed meal is rich in protein and is a plant protein feed resource with great development potential. However, harmful substances and anti-nutritional factors exist in the cottonseed meal, the palatability is poor, the absorption and utilization rate of the animal to the nutritional substances are reduced, and even the poisoning of livestock can be caused. Therefore, reducing the content of anti-nutritional factors and harmful substances in the cottonseed meal, improving the utilization rate of the cottonseed meal, and improving the feeding quality becomes a hotspot of the research of the feed industry.

Among the numerous processing methods, biochemical fermentation should be a better way to handle. The detoxification effect of the biochemical fermentation method is good, the influence of chemical additives and physical methods on the function and property of the cottonseed protein is avoided, the flavor, color and palatability of the cottonseed protein are not damaged, and the mycoprotein is added, so that the biochemical fermentation method is widely used. In addition, compared with the traditional agricultural production of protein feed, the biochemical fermentation method can also be used for large-scale industrial production. The concrete points are as follows: the raw materials are wide in source, can be obtained from local materials, and are cheap; the production period is short, and the efficiency is high; the labor productivity is high.

3. And (3) producing high-quality feed.

Cottonseed hulls, also known as hulls, are the hulls of cotton seeds that are left after the seeds are separated by a decorticator. The processed cottonseed hulls have different sizes, colors, cotton linters lengths and nutritional ingredients (containing the cotton seed powder) according to different types of husking machines, different varieties of cotton seeds, different producing areas, different water contents, different sieving degrees of the broken cotton seed powder after husking and the like. The cottonseed hulls are mainly used for: culturing edible and medicinal fungi, and feeding livestock. The short fiber part outside the cottonseed hulls is suitable for being used as feed for ruminants, and is particularly good feed for dry period and early lactation period of dairy cows. The feed of the dairy cattle can be increased by adding the cottonseed hull component into the feed of the dairy cattle.

The cottonseed hulls contain 5-8% of crude protein, and are good feed for livestock and poultry breeding. However, the cottonseed hulls contain gossypol which is toxic to livestock and poultry, and are harmful when being taken as feed to be directly fed to livestock and poultry, so that the cottonseed hulls can be used as the feed for the livestock and poultry after being fermented.

The process waste liquid and residue produced in the fermentation process of the cottonseed hulls are sent to a biochemical fulvic acid factory to be used as raw materials.

4. Production of biochemical fulvic acid and organic fertilizer.

Fulvic Acid (Fulvic Acid abbreviated as FA) is a natural organic substance with complex components. Can be extracted from humic acid from coal sources, or directly prepared from peat and weathered coal, or artificially prepared from agricultural and forestry leftovers as raw materials by utilizing a biotechnology method. Fulvic acid prepared from peat and weathered coal is Mineral Fulvic Acid (MFA), and fulvic acid artificially prepared from agricultural and forestry leftovers by using a biotechnology is Biochemical Fulvic Acid (BFA).

The biochemical fulvic acid is a complex composed of a plurality of beneficial substances. In addition, the five unique characteristics of the biological agent have great activity to organisms. Can obviously improve the immunologic function and the stress resistance of animals and plants, improve the salinization degree of land, obviously improve the fertility by being applied in combination with chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and reduce the harm by reducing the using amount of the chemical fertilizers. Therefore, the biochemical fulvic acid is a novel substitute raw material for producing nontoxic and pollution-free chemical fertilizers, pesticides and feed additives. Can be widely applied to the fields of agriculture, medicine, industry and the like.

The action of fulvic acid is disclosed in fulvic acid series products.

The method takes leftovers of cotton straws and other cotton production byproducts after comprehensive utilization as raw materials, and adopts a biochemical technology to produce biochemical fulvic acid, which is not reported yet, and is a new direction for comprehensively utilizing the byproducts of cotton planting and production.