阅读说明：本技术 用于不锈钢精锻叶片的化铣方法 (Chemical milling method for stainless steel precision forging blade ) 是由 王长江 宋德旭 于 2019-11-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：提供一种用于不锈钢精锻叶片的化铣方法,通过测量和分组不锈钢叶片锻件,对其进行反复化铣和抛光,通过控制化铣时间和温度去除叶片余量,得到表面质量和厚度符合工艺要求的不锈钢叶片,实现去余量均匀,可以将叶片厚度波动控制在0.05mm之内,提高产品的尺寸稳定性,提高叶片表面质量,避免利用模具直接将叶片尺寸精锻到位的造成的质量不稳定的问题,提高产品合格率；降低对不锈钢叶片的加工难度,降低对操作人员的技能要求,简化操作流程,降低对精锻模具的消耗,降低加工成本。(The method comprises the steps of measuring and grouping stainless steel blade forgings, repeatedly carrying out chemical milling and polishing on the stainless steel blade forgings, removing blade allowance by controlling chemical milling time and temperature, obtaining the stainless steel blade with surface quality and thickness meeting process requirements, achieving uniform allowance removal, controlling blade thickness fluctuation within 0.05mm, improving the dimensional stability of a product, improving the surface quality of the blade, avoiding the problem of unstable quality caused by directly carrying out precise forging on the blade size by using a die, and improving the qualified rate of the product; the processing difficulty of the stainless steel blade is reduced, the skill requirement on operators is reduced, the operation flow is simplified, the consumption of a precision forging die is reduced, and the processing cost is reduced.)

1. The chemical milling method for the stainless steel precision forging blade is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps;

1) when the stainless steel blade forging is forged, controlling the thickness of the forging to be 0-0.15 mm thicker than that of the standard part;

2) processing the surface quality of the stainless steel blade forging to ensure that the surface quality of the stainless steel blade forging reaches 0.8 of surface roughness;

3) the gauge is used for measuring the thickness of the stainless steel blade: obtaining the thickness of all the blades through the gauge;

4) thickness grouping: according to the measurement result in the step 3), all the stainless steel blades are subjected to thickness grouping by taking 0.05mm as a unit, namely, one group is thicker than the standard part by 0 to 0.05mm, two groups is thicker than the standard part by 0.05mm to 0.1mm, and three groups is thicker than the standard part by 0.1mm to 0.15 mm;

5) oil removal: adding degreasing fluid into the degreasing tank, and putting a group of stainless steel blades into the degreasing fluid for degreasing;

6) washing with water: the leaves were repeatedly rinsed with tap water for 2 to 4 minutes:

7) washing with deionized water: the blade was repeatedly rinsed with plasma water for 2 to 4 minutes:

8) preparing a chemical milling solution: adding a chemical milling solution into a chemical milling working tank, wherein the concentration of the chemical milling solution is as follows: 100-140 ml/L of nitric acid, 60-90 ml/L of hydrofluoric acid and 35-60 ml/L of hydrochloric acid;

9) chemically milling the blade: putting the blades into a rotatable cage and putting the cage into a chemical milling working tank, continuously stirring to ensure that the blades are below the liquid level, controlling the temperature of a solution to be 50-60 ℃, and controlling the thickness of the blades by controlling the chemical milling time;

10) polishing the blade: in the chemical milling process, the chemical milling amount of each time is not more than 0.05mm, after each chemical milling is finished, the surface of the blade is polished to reach the surface roughness of 0.8 by using an abrasive belt, and then the step 9) is repeated until the thickness of the stainless steel blade reaches the required size;

11) cleaning the blades: taking out the blades, washing the blades for 2 to 4 minutes by using high-pressure water, then washing the blades for 2 to 4 minutes by using deionized water, and finally drying the blades by using an air gun;

12) drying the blades: putting the leaves into an oven for drying at the temperature of 90-150 ℃ for 30-120 minutes;

13) inspecting the blades: sampling and inspecting the blade according to the proportion of 5% by using three coordinates, and measuring the thickness of the blade by using a gauge 100%;

14) and repeating the steps 5) -13) and carrying out protection and chemical milling on other groups of stainless steel blades.

2. The chemical milling method for stainless steel finish-forged blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 5), the concentration of the deoiling liquid is as follows: 20 to 25g/L of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate: 45 to 50g/L, sodium phosphate: 10 to 20g/L, sodium silicate: 0.7 to 1.5 g/L; the oil removing time is 10 to 15 minutes, and the oil removing temperature is 90 to 100 ℃.

3. The chemical milling method for stainless steel finish-forged blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2), the surface quality of the stainless steel blade forging is processed by vibration finishing.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical milling methods, and particularly relates to a chemical milling method for a stainless steel precision forging blade.

Background

Stainless steel precision forging blades are generally thin and only about 0.3mm in thickness. At present, the size control of stainless steel blades at home and abroad mainly adopts a one-time precision forging method. However, because the product is thin, the actual forging temperature of the product is reduced rapidly during forging, the abrasion of the die is large (through statistics, a set of quenching die made of H13 material can only process about one thousand workpieces, and the size fluctuation of the workpieces is very large (through statistics, the fluctuation of the forging thickness of the stainless steel blade is about 0.15), and therefore the surface quality of the product is poor. And the dimensional stability of the precision forging blade needs to be ensured, a large number of experienced operators are needed, the precision forging blade can be completed only by following a complicated operation flow, the requirement on manpower and energy is high, and the processing cost is greatly increased. There is therefore a need for an improved method of machining stainless steel blades.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problems solved by the invention are as follows: the invention provides a chemical milling method for stainless steel precision forging dies, which comprises the steps of measuring and grouping stainless steel blade forgings, repeatedly carrying out chemical milling and polishing on the stainless steel blade forgings, removing blade allowance by controlling chemical milling time and temperature, obtaining the stainless steel blades with surface quality and thickness meeting process requirements, realizing uniform allowance removal, improving the dimensional stability of products, improving the surface quality of the blades, improving the product qualification rate, reducing the processing difficulty of the stainless steel blades, reducing the skill requirement on operators, reducing the consumption of precision forging dies, simplifying operation procedures and reducing the processing cost.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the chemical milling method for the stainless steel precision forging blade comprises the following steps;

1) when the stainless steel blade forging is forged, controlling the thickness of the forging to be 0-0.15 mm thicker than that of the standard part;

2) processing the surface quality of the stainless steel blade forging to ensure that the surface quality of the stainless steel blade forging reaches 0.8 of surface roughness;

3) the gauge is used for measuring the thickness of the stainless steel blade: obtaining the thickness of all the blades through the gauge;

4) thickness grouping: according to the measurement result in the step 3), all the stainless steel blades are subjected to thickness grouping in units of 0.05mm, namely, one group is thicker than the standard part by 0 to 0.05mm, two groups is thicker than the standard part by 0.05mm to 0.1mm, and three groups is thicker than the standard part by 0.1mm to 0.15 mm;

5) oil removal: adding degreasing fluid into the degreasing tank, and putting a group of stainless steel blades into the degreasing fluid for degreasing;

6) washing with water: the leaves were repeatedly rinsed with tap water for 2 to 4 minutes:

7) washing with deionized water: the blade was repeatedly rinsed with plasma water for 2 to 4 minutes:

8) preparing a chemical milling solution: adding a chemical milling solution into a chemical milling working tank, wherein the concentration of the chemical milling solution is as follows: 100-140 ml/L of nitric acid, 60-90 ml/L of hydrofluoric acid and 35-60 ml/L of hydrochloric acid;

9) chemically milling the blade: putting the blades into a rotatable cage, putting the cage into a chemical milling working tank, continuously stirring to ensure that the blades are below the liquid level, controlling the temperature of a solution to be 50-60 ℃, and controlling the thickness of the blades by controlling the chemical milling time;

10) polishing the blade: in the chemical milling process, the chemical milling amount of each time is not more than 0.05mm, after each chemical milling is finished, the surface of the blade is polished to reach the surface roughness of 0.8 by using an abrasive belt, and then the step 9) is repeated until the thickness of the stainless steel blade reaches the required size;

11) cleaning the blades: taking out the blades, washing the blades for 2 to 4 minutes by using high-pressure water, then washing the blades for 2 to 4 minutes by using deionized water, and finally drying the blades by using an air gun;

12) drying the blades: putting the leaves into an oven for drying at the temperature of 90-150 ℃ for 30-120 minutes;

13) inspecting the blades: sampling and inspecting the blade according to the proportion of 5% by using three coordinates, and measuring the thickness of the blade by using a gauge 100%;

14) and repeating the steps 5) -13) and carrying out protection and chemical milling on other groups of stainless steel blades.

In the step 5), the concentration of the deoiling liquid is as follows: 20 to 25g/L of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate: 45 to 50g/L, sodium phosphate: 10 to 20g/L, sodium silicate: 0.7 to 1.5 g/L; the oil removing time is 10 to 15 minutes, and the oil removing temperature is 90 to 100 ℃.

In the step 2), the surface quality of the stainless steel blade forging is processed by vibration finishing.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. according to the scheme, stainless steel blade forgings are measured and grouped, repeated chemical milling and polishing are carried out on the stainless steel blade forgings, blade allowance is removed by controlling chemical milling time and temperature, stainless steel blades with surface quality and thickness meeting technological requirements are obtained, allowance removal is uniform, blade thickness fluctuation can be controlled within 0.05mm, the dimensional stability of products is improved, the surface quality of the blades is improved, the problem of unstable quality caused by the fact that the blades are directly subjected to size precision forging in place through a die is avoided, and the product percent of pass is improved;

2. the scheme reduces the processing difficulty of the stainless steel blade, reduces the skill requirement on operators, simplifies the operation process, does not need to use a die to forge a product to be very thin, reduces the abrasion of the die and reduces the processing cost;

3. according to the scheme, the stainless steel blade size meets the requirement by an operation method of repeated chemical milling and polishing according to different stainless steel material structures, the surface quality of the stainless steel blade after chemical milling meets the requirement, and the product quality is improved.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention are described below.

The chemical milling method for the stainless steel precision forging blade comprises the following steps;

1) when the stainless steel blade forging is forged, controlling the thickness of the forging to be 0-0.15 mm thicker than that of the standard part;

2) processing the surface quality of the stainless steel blade forging, and enabling the surface quality of the stainless steel blade forging to reach 0.8 surface roughness through vibration finishing processing;

3) the gauge is used for measuring the thickness of the stainless steel blade: obtaining the thickness of all the blades through the gauge;

4) thickness grouping: according to the measurement result in the step 3), all the stainless steel blades are subjected to thickness grouping by taking 0.05mm as a unit, namely, one group is thicker than the standard part by 0 to 0.05mm, two groups is thicker than the standard part by 0.05mm to 0.1mm, and three groups is thicker than the standard part by 0.1mm to 0.15 mm;

5) oil removal: add the deoiling liquid in the deoiling groove, put into the deoiling liquid with a set of stainless steel blade and deoil, the deoiling liquid concentration is: 20 to 25g/L of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate: 45 to 50g/L, sodium phosphate: 10 to 20g/L, sodium silicate: 0.7 to 1.5 g/L; the oil removing time is 10 to 15 minutes, and the oil removing temperature is 90 to 100 ℃;

6) washing with water: the leaves were repeatedly rinsed with tap water for 2 to 4 minutes:

7) washing with deionized water: the blade was repeatedly rinsed with plasma water for 2 to 4 minutes:

8) preparing a chemical milling solution: adding a chemical milling solution into a chemical milling working tank, wherein the concentration of the chemical milling solution is as follows: 100-140 ml/L of nitric acid, 60-90 ml/L of hydrofluoric acid and 35-60 ml/L of hydrochloric acid. Because the stainless steel material contains iron ions, hydrochloric acid is added into the chemical milling solution in the step, and the hydrochloric acid can be neutralized with the iron ions in the stainless steel, so that the reaction speed is accelerated, and the working efficiency is improved.

9) Chemically milling the blade: putting the blades into a rotatable cage, putting the cage into a chemical milling working tank, continuously stirring to ensure that the blades are below the liquid level, controlling the temperature of a solution to be 50-60 ℃, and controlling the thickness of the blades by controlling the chemical milling time;

10) polishing the blade: in the chemical milling process, the chemical milling amount of each time is not more than 0.05mm, after each chemical milling, the surface of the blade is polished to reach the surface roughness of 0.8 by using an abrasive belt, and then the step 9) is repeated until the thickness of the stainless steel blade reaches the required size. According to the invention, due to the microstructure of the stainless steel material, when the blades made of stainless steel are chemically milled, grain boundary corrosion exists in the chemical milling reaction, so that pits are easily formed on the surfaces of the stainless steel blades, and the chemical milling effect and speed are influenced, so that after the blades are chemically milled for a period of time, the surfaces of the stainless steel blades need to be treated by a polishing process, and the chemical milling and polishing treatment are repeated until the sizes of workpieces reach the standard. The step is designed aiming at the chemical milling characteristic of the stainless steel, is more beneficial to the process of the chemical milling process, and can ensure the product quality.

11) Cleaning the blades: taking out the blades, washing the blades for 2-4 minutes by using high-pressure water, wherein reaction compounds are generated on the surface of the stainless steel to form pits in the chemical milling process of the stainless steel blades, and washing the pits by using the high-pressure water to quickly clean the pits; subsequently, the leaves were then washed with deionized water for 2 to 4 minutes and finally dried with an air gun.

12) Drying the blades: putting the leaves into an oven for drying at the temperature of 90-150 ℃ for 30-120 minutes;

13) inspecting the blades: sampling and inspecting the blade according to the proportion of 5% by using three coordinates, and measuring the thickness of the blade by using a gauge 100%;

14) and repeating the steps 5) -13) and carrying out protection and chemical milling on other groups of stainless steel blades.

According to the method, stainless steel blade forgings are measured and grouped, repeated chemical milling and polishing treatment is carried out on the stainless steel blade forgings, blade allowance is removed by controlling chemical milling time and temperature, the stainless steel blades with surface quality and thickness meeting technological requirements are obtained, allowance removal is uniform, blade thickness fluctuation can be controlled within 0.05mm, the dimensional stability of products is improved, the surface quality of the blades is improved, the problem of unstable quality caused by the fact that the blades are precisely forged in place directly through a die is avoided, and the product percent of pass is improved; the processing difficulty of the stainless steel blade is reduced, the skill requirement on operators is reduced, the operation flow is simplified, the consumption of a precision forging die is reduced, and the processing cost is reduced.

The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and therefore, all equivalent changes made by the contents of the claims of the present invention should be included in the claims of the present invention.