阅读说明：本技术 肥料流失率的监测方法 (Method for monitoring fertilizer loss rate ) 是由 唐健 曹继钊 潘波 石媛媛 覃其云 邓小军 王会利 覃祚玉 宋贤冲 赵隽宇 于 2019-09-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种肥料流失率的监测方法,属于土壤监测领域。本发明的监测方法的步骤包括：采集施肥作物旁的土样；采样深度在耕层地表以下15-50cm处,土样经过粉碎、风干、过筛后封装；封装后的对土样进行全氮、全钾、全磷的含量测定,对比同一采样点的数据计算得到肥料流失率。采用本发明的肥料流失率监测方法,取样过程简单,监测流程简便,可以大大提高监测效率与监测精度。(The invention discloses a method for monitoring a fertilizer loss rate, and belongs to the field of soil monitoring. The monitoring method of the invention comprises the following steps: collecting soil samples beside the fertilizer crops; the sampling depth is 15-50cm below the surface of the plough layer, and the soil sample is crushed, dried in the air, sieved and packaged; and (4) carrying out content measurement of total nitrogen, total potassium and total phosphorus on the packaged soil sample, and comparing data of the same sampling point to calculate the fertilizer loss rate. By adopting the fertilizer loss rate monitoring method, the sampling process is simple, the monitoring process is simple and convenient, and the monitoring efficiency and the monitoring precision can be greatly improved.)

1. A monitoring method of fertilizer loss rate is characterized in that soil samples beside fertilization crops are collected; the sampling depth is 15-50cm below the surface of the plough layer, and the soil sample is crushed, dried in the air, sieved and packaged;

and (4) carrying out content measurement of total nitrogen, total potassium and total phosphorus on the packaged soil sample, and comparing data of the same sampling point to obtain the fertilizer loss rate.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the soil sample is taken at a distance of 15-40cm from the crop level.

3. The method for monitoring the fertilizer loss rate of claim 1, wherein an S-shaped sampling method is used for each mu, 7-15 points are sampled, and 1-1.5kg of soil samples are collected at each point.

4. The method for monitoring the fertilizer loss rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil sample is crushed and then dried in the place without sunlight, and then 150-300g of the dried soil sample is taken and then is sieved by a 60-100 mesh sieve for storage.

5. The method for monitoring fertilizer loss rate of claim 1, wherein said method for measuring total nitrogen comprises the steps of:

s1: weighing 2g of air-dried soil sample, placing the air-dried soil sample into a dry digestion tube, adding 2-3ml of water sample, adding 6-10ml of concentrated sulfuric acid, shaking up, placing the digestion tube on a temperature-controlled digestion furnace, heating the digestion tube to 150 ℃ with soft fire, keeping the temperature for 8-17min when the reaction in the tube tends to be mild, then enhancing the fire power to raise the temperature to 390 ℃ with 350 ℃ with soft fire, continuing digestion for 1h after the liquid and the soil sample become grey white or green, cooling, and distilling;

s2: adding 45-55ml of distilled water into a digestion tube; distilling the digestive tube on a nitrogen determination instrument; adding 35-45ml of 400g/L sodium hydroxide solution until the sample is heated to be black; then 20-30ml of 20g/L boric acid is added, the distillation is set for 4-6min, and after the distillation is finished, the distillate is titrated by using a sulfuric acid solution.

6. The method for monitoring the fertilizer loss rate as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step S1, when the reaction in the tube tends to be mild, the temperature is kept for 15min, and the temperature is raised to 370 ℃ by enhancing the fire power.

7. The method for monitoring the fertilizer loss rate of claim 1, wherein the method for determining total potassium comprises the steps of:

weighing 5g of air-dried soil sample, placing the air-dried soil sample into a 200ml polyethylene bottle, adding 45-55ml of 1mol/L ammonium acetate solution, shaking uniformly, keeping the temperature at 18-30 ℃, oscillating for 25-35min at the rotation speed of 200-250r/min, and performing dry filtration; the zero point of the apparatus was adjusted with 1mol/L ammonium acetate solution, and the total potassium content was measured using a flame photometer.

8. A method for monitoring the rate of fertilizer loss according to claim 7 wherein in said step, the temperature is maintained at 25 ℃ and the oscillation is carried out at 230r/min for 30 min.

9. The method for monitoring fertilizer loss rate of claim 1, wherein the method for determining total phosphorus comprises the steps of:

weighing 2g of air-dried soil sample, placing the air-dried soil sample into a dry digestion tube, adding 2-3ml of sample, adding 6-10ml of concentrated sulfuric acid, shaking up, placing the digestion tube on a temperature-controlled digestion furnace, heating the digestion tube to 150 ℃ with soft fire, keeping the temperature for 8-17min when the reaction in the tube tends to be mild, then enhancing the fire power to increase the temperature to 390 ℃ with 350 ℃ with soft fire, continuing digestion for 1h after the liquid and the soil sample become grey white or green, cooling, taking 15ml of digestion liquid, adding alkali solution, and measuring by using a continuous flow chemical analyzer.

10. The method for monitoring the loss rate of fertilizer according to claim 9, wherein 3ml of 8mol/L sodium hydroxide solution is added in said step.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of soil monitoring, in particular to a method for monitoring a fertilizer loss rate.

Background

The fertilizer is a substance which provides one or more mineral elements necessary for plants, improves the soil property and improves the soil fertility level, and is one of the material bases of agricultural production. In agricultural production, crops need to be fertilized in order to ensure that sufficient nutrients are provided for the crops.

However, in the actual fertilization process, the problem that the crops cannot sufficiently absorb nutrients due to improper fertilization often occurs. The application of the fertilizer is mainly based on the experience of farmers, the prior common fertilizer also has the problem of excessive application, and the loss of excessive application of the fertilizer in a farmland system can cause water eutrophication and atmospheric greenhouse effect. In general, fertilizer expenditures account for a large proportion of the agricultural investment. Therefore, the method has great significance for scientifically monitoring the fertilizer loss rate and improving the fertilizer utilization rate.

The above background disclosure is only for the purpose of assisting understanding of the inventive concept and technical solutions of the present invention, and does not necessarily belong to the prior art of the present patent application, and should not be used for evaluating the novelty and inventive step of the present application in the case that there is no clear evidence that the above content is disclosed at the filing date of the present patent application.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for monitoring a fertilizer loss rate, which aims to solve the technical problem of unreasonable fertilizing amount caused by the fact that the fertilizer loss rate cannot be accurately monitored in the prior art.

For this purpose, the invention proposes the following solutions:

a method for monitoring the loss rate of fertilizer comprises collecting soil samples beside fertilizer crops; the sampling depth is 15-50cm below the surface of the plough layer, and the soil sample is crushed, dried in the air, sieved and packaged;

and (4) carrying out content measurement of total nitrogen, total potassium and total phosphorus on the packaged soil sample, and comparing data of the same sampling point to obtain the fertilizer loss rate.

Preferably, the soil sample is collected at a horizontal distance of 15-40cm from the crop.

Preferably, an S-shaped sampling method is used for each mu, 7-15 points are sampled, and 1-1.5kg of soil samples are collected at each point.

Preferably, the soil sample is crushed and then dried in the place without sunlight irradiation, and then 150-300g of the dried soil sample is taken and then is sieved by a 60-100 mesh sieve for storage.

Preferably, the method for measuring total nitrogen comprises the following steps:

s1: weighing 2g of air-dried soil sample, placing the air-dried soil sample into a dry digestion tube, adding 2-3ml of water sample, adding 6-10ml of concentrated sulfuric acid, shaking up, placing the digestion tube on a temperature-controlled digestion furnace, heating the digestion tube to 150 ℃ with soft fire, keeping the temperature for 8-17min when the reaction in the tube tends to be mild, then enhancing the fire power to raise the temperature to 390 ℃ with 350 ℃ with soft fire, continuing digestion for 1h after the liquid and the soil sample become grey white or green, cooling, and distilling;

s2: adding 45-55ml of distilled water into a digestion tube; distilling the digestive tube on a nitrogen determination instrument; adding 35-45ml of 400g/L sodium hydroxide solution until the sample is heated to be black; then 20-30ml of 20g/L boric acid is added, the distillation is set for 4-6min, and after the distillation is finished, the distillate is titrated by using a sulfuric acid solution.

Preferably, when the reaction in the tube tends to be mild in the step S1, the temperature is maintained for 15min, and the heating power is increased to 370 ℃.

Preferably, the method for determining total potassium comprises the following steps:

weighing 5g of air-dried soil sample, placing the air-dried soil sample into a 200ml polyethylene bottle, adding 45-55ml of 1mol/L ammonium acetate solution, shaking uniformly, keeping the temperature at 18-30 ℃, oscillating for 25-35min at the rotation speed of 200-250r/min, and performing dry filtration; the zero point of the apparatus was adjusted with 1mol/L ammonium acetate solution, and the total potassium content was measured using a flame photometer.

Preferably, in said step, the temperature will be maintained at 25 ℃ and the oscillation will be carried out for 30min at a rotation speed of 230 r/min.

Preferably, the method for determining total phosphorus comprises the following steps:

weighing 2g of air-dried soil sample, placing the air-dried soil sample into a dry digestion tube, adding 2-3ml of sample, adding 6-10ml of concentrated sulfuric acid, shaking up, placing the digestion tube on a temperature-controlled digestion furnace, heating the digestion tube to 150 ℃ with soft fire, keeping the temperature for 8-17min when the reaction in the tube tends to be mild, then enhancing the fire power to increase the temperature to 390 ℃ with 350 ℃ with soft fire, continuing digestion for 1h after the liquid and the soil sample become grey white or green, cooling, taking 15ml of digestion liquid, adding alkali solution, and measuring by using a continuous flow chemical analyzer.

Preferably, 3ml of 8mol/L sodium hydroxide solution is added in the step.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. the method can accurately and timely monitor the fertilizer loss rate in the soil, and can timely adjust the fertilizer consumption according to the actual situation, thereby reducing the waste of the fertilizer and ensuring that a good crop growth environment can be provided.

2. The monitoring process is simple in flow, can be used for sampling and analyzing at any time, does not involve expensive equipment in the flow, and is favorable for reducing the cost of enterprises.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention or its application.

In total nitrogen determination, soil nitrogen content (%) ═ V-V₀)×C×0.014×100/W

V-volume of sulfuric acid solution (ml) consumed upon titration of the sample.

V₀Volume (ml) of hydrochloric acid standard solution consumed in titration of the blank.

C-equivalent concentration of sulfuric acid solution titrated (mol/L).

W-soil sample weight (g).

0.014 is the meq of nitrogen.