阅读说明：本技术 一种畜禽用含有酶解构树蛋白和羽毛蛋白的饲料 (Feed containing zymolytic broussonetia papyrifera protein and feather protein for livestock and poultry ) 是由 张秀江 王品胜 胡虹 方玉美 权淑静 高正龙 向凌云 吕文竹 刘丽 王洋 于 2019-11-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及畜禽用含有酶解构树蛋白和羽毛蛋白的饲料,可有效解决饲料的适口性和可流动性,为畜禽增加营养,易消化吸收,提高蛋白质利用率,满足市场对蛋白质饲料的需求问题,该饲料由质量百分比计：构树饲料55%-65%、羽毛饲料35%-45%和组合酶制剂0.5%-1%制成,加水至含水量为68%-72%,在环境湿度93%-97%、温度42℃-48℃的条件下酶解60-84小时,在低于70℃条件下干燥或烘干,即为含有酶解构树蛋白和羽毛蛋白的饲料；本发明原料来源丰富,制备方法简单,易生产,饲用效果好,可广泛应用于畜禽的饲养,经济和社会效益巨大。(The invention relates to a feed containing zymolytic paper mulberry protein and feather protein for livestock and poultry, which can effectively solve the palatability and flowability of the feed, increase the nutrition for the livestock and poultry, is easy to digest and absorb, improves the utilization rate of the protein, and meets the problem of the market demand on the protein feed, and the feed is calculated by the mass percent: 55-65% of paper mulberry feed, 35-45% of feather feed and 0.5-1% of combined enzyme preparation, adding water until the water content is 68-72%, carrying out enzymolysis for 60-84 hours under the conditions of the environmental humidity of 93-97% and the temperature of 42-48 ℃, and drying or baking under the condition of the temperature of less than 70 ℃ to obtain the feed containing the enzymolytic paper mulberry protein and feather protein; the feed has the advantages of rich raw material sources, simple preparation method, easy production, good feeding effect, wide application in livestock and poultry feeding and great economic and social benefits.)

1. The feed containing zymolytic broussonetia papyrifera protein and feather protein for livestock and poultry is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 55-65% of paper mulberry feed, 35-45% of feather feed and 0.5-1% of combined enzyme preparation, adding water until the water content is 68-72%, carrying out enzymolysis for 60-84 hours under the conditions of the environmental humidity of 93-97% and the temperature of 42-48 ℃, and drying or baking under the condition of the temperature of less than 70 ℃ to obtain the feed containing the enzymolytic paper mulberry protein and feather protein;

the paper mulberry feed is prepared by selecting the seedlings of the second-year-old hybrid paper mulberry in 7-8 months, randomly picking the upper, middle and lower leaves with the plant height of 0.8-1.5m, drying to the water content of below 10%, crushing into powder, and sieving with a 40-mesh sieve;

the feather feed is hydrolyzed feather powder sold in the market, and meets the quality technical requirements of feed hydrolyzed feather powder in NY/T915-2004 standard of agricultural industry of the people's republic of China;

the combined enzyme preparation is prepared from cellulase, pectinase, tannase, keratinase and neutral protease, wherein the enzyme activity of the cellulase in the combined enzyme preparation is more than or equal to 30000U/g, the enzyme activity of the pectinase is more than or equal to 3000U/g, the enzyme activity of the tannase is more than or equal to 5000U/g, the enzyme activity of the keratinase is more than or equal to 30000U/g, the enzyme activity of the neutral protease is more than or equal to 5000U/g, and the balance is corncob meal.

2. The feed containing the enzymolytic broussonetia papyrifera protein and the feather protein for the livestock and the poultry according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 60 percent of broussonetia papyrifera feed, 39.2 percent of hydrolyzed feather meal feed and 0.8 percent of combined enzyme preparation, adding water until the water content is 70 percent, carrying out enzymolysis for 67 hours under the conditions of the ambient humidity of 95 percent and the temperature of 45 ℃, and drying or baking at the temperature of 55 ℃ to obtain the feed containing the enzymolyzed broussonetia papyrifera protein and feather protein.

3. The feed containing the enzymolytic broussonetia papyrifera protein and the feather protein for the livestock and the poultry according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 56 percent of broussonetia papyrifera feed, 43.4 percent of hydrolyzed feather meal feed and 0.6 percent of combined enzyme preparation, adding water until the water content is 69 percent, carrying out enzymolysis for 62 hours under the conditions of the environmental humidity of 94 percent and the temperature of 47 ℃, and drying or baking under the condition of 60 ℃ to obtain the feed containing the enzymolytic broussonetia papyrifera protein and feather protein.

4. The feed containing the enzymolytic broussonetia papyrifera protein and the feather protein for the livestock and the poultry according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 63% of paper mulberry feed, 36.1% of hydrolyzed feather meal feed and 0.9% of combined enzyme preparation, adding water until the water content is 71%, carrying out enzymolysis for 83 hours under the conditions of the environment humidity of 96% and the temperature of 43 ℃, and drying or baking at the temperature of 65 ℃ to obtain the feed containing the enzymolytic paper mulberry protein and feather protein.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a livestock feed, in particular to a feed containing zymolytic broussonetia papyrifera protein and feather protein for livestock.

Background

Livestock and poultry such as cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens, ducks, geese and the like are widely and exclusively bred in professional farmers and scatter-fed households, and the feed is essential. Particularly, the national economy of China is continuously and rapidly developed since the nineties of the last century, the demand of people on livestock and poultry products is also increased year by year, and the high-speed development of the livestock industry and the feed industry of China is powerfully promoted. While the animal husbandry and the feed industry are developing and developing continuously, the demand of our country for protein feed raw materials is increasing. The protein feed raw materials in China still mainly comprise plant feed raw materials such as soybean meal, rapeseed meal, alfalfa, corn protein powder and the like and animal feed raw materials represented by fish meal, and the problems of higher and higher dependence on external environment and 'food competition between people and livestock' become more and more acute. The import amount of protein feed raw materials in China in 2018 accounts for more than 80% of the supply amount of protein in domestic protein markets. Because the raw materials of the protein feed in China are short and depend on import in a large quantity, the breeding cost is high, and the steady development of the animal husbandry and the feed industry in China is restricted. Therefore, the method actively searches and develops new protein feed resources, breaks through the existing feed formula technology, improves the utilization path and the utilization efficiency of the existing protein resources, and is a problem which needs to be solved urgently in the animal husbandry and the feed industry in China.

Broussonetia papyrifera (Broussonetia papyrifera) including Broussonetia papyrifera and fructus Broussonetiae, and is deciduous tree. The paper mulberry has the characteristics of fast growth, strong adaptability, wide distribution, easy propagation, high heat quantity and short rotation period. The root system is shallow, the lateral roots are widely distributed, the growth is fast, the germination capacity and the tillering capacity are strong, and the pruning resistance is realized. The fertilizer can grow in temperate zone and tropical zone of China, no matter in plain, hilly or mountain land. The hybrid paper mulberry popularized in recent years has the excellent characteristics of fast growing, high yield, high quality, multi-resistance and the like, can be planted in the same year and harvested in successive years, and can enter the high yield period when planted on a farmland in the second year. The content of the paper mulberry crude protein is up to 20-30 percent, which is 2 times of wheat and 3 times of corn and rice, the content of the crude fat is 2 times of rice and wheat and is only lower than that of soybean, and the content of the nitrogen-free extract is higher than that of soybean. The amino acid types in the paper mulberry leaves are 18, the content reaches about 17.5 percent, the nutrient components such as vitamins, carbohydrates, trace elements and the like are very rich, and the paper mulberry serving as a native tree species in China has great potential in the aspect of relieving protein feed resources in China due to the characteristics of rich nutrition, good palatability, strong quick growth and the like.

The hydrolyzed feather powder is a powder-shaped animal protein feed raw material prepared by washing, hydrolyzing at high temperature and high pressure, drying and crushing undenatured feathers obtained after slaughtering poultry. The hydrolyzed feather powder breaks the disulfide bonds (-S-S-) and sulfhydryl bonds in the structure of the feather powder, improves the dissociation degree of amino acids in the feather powder, and increases the utilization rate of the amino acids in the feather powder; the molecular structure of protein in the feather powder is disturbed, a plurality of small molecular proteins and short peptides are decomposed, the self digestion utilization rate of the feather raw material is improved, and the nutritional performance is improved; the bad smell of the feather powder is reduced, the palatability is improved, the availability and the nutritive value of the feather powder in the feed formula are improved, and a feasible and effective solution is provided for reducing the cost of the feed formula. The hydrolyzed feather meal contains 80-85% of crude protein, which is higher than fish meal, and the amino acids of glycine, serine, valine, leucine and isoleucine are higher than other animal protein. The content of cystine in hydrolyzed feather meal is high, the hydrolyzed feather meal is at the head of all natural feeds, and the cystine can replace 50% of methionine in metabolism, so that the defect of hydrolyzed feather meal methionine can be overcome.

The feed for broussonetia papyrifera has high crude protein content, but the structure of the protein is complex in a natural state, the protein is often wrapped by cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, the digestion and absorption of monogastric animals such as poultry are difficult, the digestion and utilization rate of pigs is low, and the popularization and application of the feed for broussonetia papyrifera and the improvement of the feeding benefit are influenced. From the aspect of amino acid content and composition, the broussonetia papyrifera feed serving as a main protein feed raw material needs to be matched with other protein feed raw materials for use, mainly because the broussonetia papyrifera feed is high in valine, leucine, lysine and phenylalanine content, but low in methionine, cystine, tryptophan, tyrosine and histidine content. The carbohydrate of the paper mulberry feed consists of starch, soluble saccharide, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and the like, and is a main source of paper mulberry feed energy. Starch and soluble saccharides can be decomposed by digestive enzymes secreted by animals, but cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and other monogastric animals such as pigs and poultry are difficult to digest and absorb. The mode that the tannin with higher content in the paper mulberry feed influences the digestion and absorption of nutrient substances by animals is mainly combined with other substances (enzymes, saccharides, proteins and metal ions) in the feed to generate precipitates, so that the nutrient substances are not fully utilized, and the nutritional value of the feed is reduced. Tannin in the feed of paper mulberry also influences the palatability of the feed, so that the feed intake of livestock and poultry is reduced. Tannin entering the animal body is often combined with protein, and the digestion and utilization efficiency of the protein by livestock and poultry is interfered. Pectin is widely present in paper mulberry feed and often exists along with cellulose to form an interlayer bonding material of adjacent cells, so that plant tissue cells are tightly bonded together, and pectin is insoluble in water and influences digestion and utilization of animal nutrient components of the feed.

The basic component of feather meal is protein, mainly keratin, which is not easily digested and utilized by animals in a natural state. The hydrolysis technology is adopted to carry out special hydrolysis treatment on the feathers to obtain hydrolyzed feather meal, disulfide bonds (-S-S-) and sulfhydryl bonds in part of the feather meal structure are broken, so that protein in the feathers is partially hydrolyzed, part of chemical structures of feather fibers are changed, but the protein utilization of the hydrolyzed feather meal is still low, the palatability and the fluidity are poor, and the hydrolyzed feather meal is not easy to digest and absorb by livestock and poultry. The hydrolyzed feather meal contains 80-85% of crude protein, but the amino acids have high content of glycine, serine, valine, leucine, isoleucine and cystine, and because the amino acid composition of the hydrolyzed feather meal is unbalanced, the hydrolyzed feather meal needs to be matched with higher protein raw materials containing lysine and the like for use in feed formula design. Hydrolyzed feather meal cannot be used in ruminant ration formulations in production practice because it cannot be degraded by rumen microorganisms.

The problems to be solved at present are how to fully utilize the paper mulberry resource and open up the paper mulberry resource into a new generation of high-quality plant protein feed resource, and how to fully utilize the hydrolyzed feather meal and open up the hydrolyzed feather meal into a new generation of high-quality animal protein feed resource. The two protein feed resources can complement the surplus, and the preparation of high-quality animal and plant protein feed raw materials containing broussonetia papyrifera proteins and feather proteins is a technical problem needing to be broken through. With the rapid development of animal husbandry, the formula technical structure of the feed industry in China still mainly adopts a corn-soybean meal type, and the demand for protein feed raw materials is gradually increased, so that the supply of the protein feed raw materials is insufficient. Therefore, how to break through the existing formula feed and search for new feed protein resources is a technical problem to be solved urgently.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the feed containing the zymolytic broussonetia papyrifera protein and the feather protein for the livestock and the poultry, which can effectively solve the palatability and the flowability of the feed, increase the nutrition for the livestock and the poultry, facilitate the digestion and the absorption, improve the utilization rate of the protein and meet the demand problem of the market on the protein feed.

The invention solves the technical scheme that feed containing enzymatic broussonetia papyrifera protein and feather protein for livestock and poultry is combined with the current utilization condition of protein resources, aims at the current application situation and the existing technical problems of broussonetia papyrifera protein feed and hydrolyzed feather meal protein, and utilizes cellulase, pectinase, tannase, keratinase and neutral protease in a combined enzyme preparation to carry out biological enzyme enzymolysis treatment on the broussonetia papyrifera feed, so that the indigestible components such as crude protein, cellulose, hemicellulose and the like in the broussonetia papyrifera feed are subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis, and meanwhile, the pectin and tannin content in the broussonetia papyrifera feed is greatly reduced. The keratinase in the combined enzyme preparation can completely break the disulfide bond (-S-S-) and the sulfur-hydrogen bond in the feather powder structure, so that the protein in the feather is completely hydrolyzed, thereby improving the protein utilization efficiency of the hydrolyzed feather powder, improving the palatability and the flowability of the hydrolyzed feather powder and being easier to digest and absorb by livestock and poultry. Accordingly, the invention solves the technical scheme that the feed containing the zymolytic broussonetia papyrifera protein and the feather protein for the livestock and the poultry is calculated by the following mass percent: 55-65% of paper mulberry feed, 35-45% of feather feed and 0.5-1% of combined enzyme preparation, adding water until the water content is 68-72%, carrying out enzymolysis for 60-84 hours under the conditions of the environmental humidity of 93-97% and the temperature of 42-48 ℃, and drying or baking under the condition of the temperature of less than 70 ℃ to obtain the feed containing the enzymolytic paper mulberry protein and feather protein;

the paper mulberry feed is prepared by selecting the seedlings of the second-year-old hybrid paper mulberry in 7-8 months, randomly picking the upper, middle and lower leaves with the plant height of 0.8-1.5m, drying to the water content of below 10%, crushing into powder, and sieving with a 40-mesh sieve;

the feather feed is hydrolyzed feather powder sold in the market, and meets the quality technical requirements of feed hydrolyzed feather powder in NY/T915-2004 standard of agricultural industry of the people's republic of China;

the combined enzyme preparation is prepared from cellulase, pectinase, tannase, keratinase and neutral protease, wherein the enzyme activity of the cellulase in the combined enzyme preparation is more than or equal to 30000U/g, the enzyme activity of the pectinase is more than or equal to 3000U/g, the enzyme activity of the tannase is more than or equal to 5000U/g, the enzyme activity of the keratinase is more than or equal to 30000U/g, the enzyme activity of the neutral protease is more than or equal to 5000U/g, and the balance is corncob meal;

in the specific implementation of the invention, the combined enzyme preparation can be prepared by uniformly mixing the raw materials of the enzyme preparation and the raw materials of the corncob meal to obtain 1000g of the combined enzyme preparation, wherein the raw materials of the combined enzyme preparation comprise 300g of cellulase with the enzyme activity of more than or equal to 100000U/g, 100g of pectinase with the enzyme activity of more than or equal to 30000U/g, 100g of tannase with the enzyme activity of more than or equal to 50000U/g, 300g of keratinase with the enzyme activity of more than or equal to 100000U/g, 100g of neutral protease with the enzyme activity of more than or equal to 50000U/g and 100g of corncob meal, the technical indexes and the sanitary indexes of the product are detected to confirm that the requirements of related technical standards are met.

The feed has the advantages of rich raw material sources, simple preparation method, easy production, good feeding effect, wide application in livestock and poultry feeding and great economic and social benefits.

Detailed Description

The following examples are provided to explain the present invention in detail.

In specific practice, the invention is illustrated by the following examples.