阅读说明：本技术 一种双孢菇的保存方法 (Method for preserving agaricus bisporus ) 是由 阚言龙 阚士杰 吕秀芹 于 2019-12-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种双孢菇的保存方法,所述保存方法将双孢菇加工成双孢菇丝进行保存,所述双孢菇的保存方法包括以下步骤：S1.预烘干：选取新鲜的双孢菇洗净,将菇伞烘干；S2.烘蒸：将经步骤S1烘干后的菇伞送入烘蒸设备中,进行烘蒸处理；S3.切丝：使用挤压辊对经步骤S2烘蒸处理后的菇伞进行挤压,将菇伞压扁,然后对菇伞进行切丝处理,将菇伞切成宽度为2-5mm的条状双孢菇丝；S4.急冻：将双孢菇丝平铺在物料盘中,然后进行急冻,先利用2-3小时,使温度降至零下18℃-零下12℃；S5.真空冻干,将急冻好的物料送入真空干燥系统的烘干仓内。本发明延长了双孢菇丝的保存时间,并且干燥后的双孢菇丝的复水效果好,复水后的双孢菇丝口感好、营养价值高。(The invention discloses a method for preserving agaricus bisporus, which is characterized in that the agaricus bisporus is processed into agaricus bisporus shreds for preservation, and the method for preserving the agaricus bisporus comprises the following steps: s1, pre-drying: selecting fresh agaricus bisporus, cleaning, and drying the agaricus bisporus; s2, drying and steaming: the mushroom umbrellas dried in the step S1 are sent into a drying and steaming device for drying and steaming treatment; s3, shredding: extruding the mushroom umbrellas subjected to the baking and steaming treatment in the step S2 by using an extruding roller, flattening the mushroom umbrellas, then shredding the mushroom umbrellas, and cutting the mushroom umbrellas into strip-shaped agaricus bisporus shreds with the width of 2-5 mm; s4, quick freezing: spreading the agaricus bisporus filaments in a material tray, then quickly freezing for 2-3 hours, and reducing the temperature to 18-12 ℃ below zero; s5, vacuum freeze-drying, namely conveying the quickly frozen material into a drying bin of a vacuum drying system. The invention prolongs the storage time of the dried agaricus bisporus filaments, and the dried agaricus bisporus filaments have good rehydration effect, good mouthfeel and high nutritional value.)

1. A preservation method of agaricus bisporus is characterized in that: the preservation method comprises the following steps of processing the agaricus bisporus into agaricus bisporus shreds for preservation:

s1, pre-drying: selecting fresh agaricus bisporus, cleaning, cutting mushroom stems of the agaricus bisporus to obtain mushroom umbrellas, placing the mushroom umbrellas in a drying bin with the vacuum degree of 0.40Pa and the temperature of 50-55 ℃ for drying for 2-3 hours, then reducing the temperature in the drying bin to 42-45 ℃ by utilizing 20-25 minutes, drying the mushroom umbrellas to the moisture content of 15-18%, and irradiating the mushroom umbrellas for 3.5-4 hours by using an ultraviolet lamp in the drying process;

s2, drying and steaming: feeding the mushroom umbrellas dried in the step S1 into a drying and steaming device, and drying and steaming the mushroom umbrellas for 10-14 minutes by using hot steam at 100 ℃;

s3, shredding: extruding the mushroom umbrellas subjected to the baking and steaming treatment in the step S2 by using an extruding roller, flattening the mushroom umbrellas, pressing the moisture content of the mushroom umbrellas to 32% -36%, shredding the mushroom umbrellas, and cutting the mushroom umbrellas into strip-shaped agaricus bisporus shreds with the width of 2-5 mm;

s4, quick freezing: spreading the agaricus bisporus filaments in a material tray, then sending the agaricus bisporus filaments into a quick freezing chamber with the temperature of minus 42-minus 38 ℃ for quick freezing, firstly utilizing the materials for 2-3 hours to reduce the central temperature of the materials to minus 18-minus 12 ℃, and then utilizing the materials for 1-1.5 hours to reduce the central temperature of the materials to minus 25-minus 22 ℃;

s5, vacuum freeze-drying: sending the material which is frozen quickly in the step S4 into a drying bin of a vacuum drying system with the vacuum degree of 0-30Pa, controlling the initial temperature in the drying bin at 23-26 ℃, increasing the temperature in the drying bin to 38-42 ℃ after 1.2-1.5 hours, and keeping the temperature for 3-3.2 hours; then, after 1.4-1.8 hours, the temperature in the drying bin is raised to 53-55 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 3.5-4 hours; then, after 0.8-1.2 hours, the temperature in the drying bin is raised to 74-80 ℃, and the temperature is kept constant for 1.7-2 hours; then, after 1-1.5 hours, the temperature in the drying bin is reduced to 58-62 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2.5-3 hours; cooling the temperature in the drying bin to 40-45 ℃ after 0.9-1.3 hours, and keeping the temperature for 3.1-3.5 hours; finally, after 1.21.4 hours, the temperature in the drying bin is raised to 48-50 ℃, and the constant temperature is maintained for 1.5-2 hours;

s6, metal detection: and (5) manually selecting the material subjected to vacuum freeze-drying in the step (S5), removing defective broken agaricus bisporus filaments and impurities, and detecting the agaricus bisporus filaments by using a metal detector to obtain finished agaricus bisporus filaments.

2. The method for preserving agaricus bisporus according to claim 1, wherein: before the step S1, fresh agaricus bisporus is pre-cooled for 24 hours in a storage room with an air relative humidity of 90% -100% and a constant temperature of 4 ℃.

3. The method for preserving agaricus bisporus according to claim 1, wherein: the fresh agaricus bisporus is the agaricus bisporus which is just picked, has no mechanical injury, consistent size and good color.

4. The method for preserving agaricus bisporus according to claim 1, wherein: in the vacuum freeze-drying process, the material which is quickly frozen in the step S4 is sent into a drying bin of a vacuum drying system with the vacuum degree of 15Pa, the initial temperature in the drying bin is controlled at 24 ℃, the temperature in the drying bin is raised to 40 ℃ after 1.3 hours, and the temperature is kept constant for 3.1 hours.

5. The method for preserving agaricus bisporus according to claim 4, wherein: after 1.6 hours, the temperature in the drying bin is raised to 54 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 3.8 hours; then, the temperature in the drying chamber was raised to 77 ℃ over 1 hour, and the temperature was maintained for 1.8 hours.

6. The method for preserving agaricus bisporus according to claim 5, wherein: after 1.2 hours, the temperature in the drying bin is reduced to 60 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 2.8 hours; after 1.1 hour, the temperature in the drying bin is reduced to 42 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 3.3 hours; and finally, after 1.3 hours, raising the temperature in the drying bin to 49 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 1.7 hours.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field, in particular to a method for preserving agaricus bisporus.

Background

Agaricus bisporus (Agaricus bisporus) is also called white mushroom, and Agaricus bisporus, and the producer of Europe and America countries is often called common cultivated mushroom or button mushroom. Agaricus bisporus is a mushroom which is cultivated and consumed worldwide, is called as 'world mushroom', and can be sold fresh, canned and salted. The mycelium of Agaricus bisporus is also used as raw material for preparing medicine. The most cultivated agaricus bisporus in China is Fujian, Shandong, Henan, Zhejiang and other provinces. The cultivation methods include mushroom house cultivation, large shed frame cultivation, greenhouse ridge cultivation and the like. Different regions, different climatic conditions and different seasons can adopt cultivation modes suitable for the user. Has wide distribution and is generally cultivated in China. However, with the continuous development of the agaricus bisporus cultivation technology, the factory production of agaricus bisporus is realized at present, and the production can be realized continuously all the year round by controlling the environment of a mushroom house. The industrialized production of the agaricus bisporus can accurately control the temperature, the humidity, the CO2 concentration, the ventilation quantity and the like of a mushroom house, thereby providing a very suitable growing environment for the agaricus bisporus. The daily yield of the current large-scale agaricus bisporus factory can reach hundreds of tons, which cannot be imagined before. In recent years, due to the successful research of submerged culture, people can also utilize mushroom mycelium to produce substances such as protein, oxalic acid, mycose and the like.

Agaricus campestris polysaccharide and foreign protein contained in Agaricus bisporus have certain anticancer activity, and can inhibit tumor; the contained tyrosinase can dissolve certain cholesterol and has certain effect on reducing blood pressure; the contained trypsin, maltase and the like are helpful for digestion of food. The regular consumption of the agaricus bisporus can prevent scurvy, prevent tumor, promote wound healing and remove poisoning of lead, arsenic, mercury and the like, has the effects of tonifying spleen, moistening lung, regulating qi and reducing phlegm, and can prevent pernicious anemia, improve nerve function and reduce blood fat.

However, the fresh agaricus bisporus products have short storage period and are easy to brown, so that the utilization value of the agaricus bisporus products is influenced. Therefore, it is required to develop a method for prolonging the storage time of Agaricus bisporus and preventing the occurrence of problems such as browning.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the existing problems, the invention provides a method for preserving agaricus bisporus. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.

A storage method of agaricus bisporus is characterized in that the agaricus bisporus is processed into agaricus bisporus filaments for storage, and the storage method of the agaricus bisporus comprises the following steps:

s1, pre-drying: selecting fresh agaricus bisporus, cleaning, cutting mushroom stems of the agaricus bisporus to obtain mushroom umbrellas, placing the mushroom umbrellas in a drying bin with the vacuum degree of 0.40Pa and the temperature of 50-55 ℃ for drying for 2-3 hours, then reducing the temperature in the drying bin to 42-45 ℃ by utilizing 20-25 minutes, drying the mushroom umbrellas to the moisture content of 15-18%, and irradiating the mushroom umbrellas for 3.5-4 hours by using an ultraviolet lamp in the drying process;

s2, drying and steaming: feeding the mushroom umbrellas dried in the step S1 into a drying and steaming device, and drying and steaming the mushroom umbrellas for 10-14 minutes by using hot steam at 100 ℃;

s3, shredding: extruding the mushroom umbrellas subjected to the baking and steaming treatment in the step S2 by using an extruding roller, flattening the mushroom umbrellas, pressing the moisture content of the mushroom umbrellas to 32% -36%, shredding the mushroom umbrellas, and cutting the mushroom umbrellas into strip-shaped agaricus bisporus shreds with the width of 2-5 mm;

s4, quick freezing: spreading the agaricus bisporus filaments in a material tray, then sending the agaricus bisporus filaments into a quick freezing chamber with the temperature of minus 42-minus 38 ℃ for quick freezing, firstly utilizing the materials for 2-3 hours to reduce the central temperature of the materials to minus 18-minus 12 ℃, and then utilizing the materials for 1-1.5 hours to reduce the central temperature of the materials to minus 25-minus 22 ℃;

s5, vacuum freeze-drying: sending the material which is frozen quickly in the step S4 into a drying bin of a vacuum drying system with the vacuum degree of 0-30Pa, controlling the initial temperature in the drying bin at 23-26 ℃, increasing the temperature in the drying bin to 38-42 ℃ after 1.2-1.5 hours, and keeping the temperature for 3-3.2 hours; then, after 1.4-1.8 hours, the temperature in the drying bin is raised to 53-55 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 3.5-4 hours; then, after 0.8-1.2 hours, the temperature in the drying bin is raised to 74-80 ℃, and the temperature is kept constant for 1.7-2 hours; then, after 1-1.5 hours, the temperature in the drying bin is reduced to 58-62 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2.5-3 hours; cooling the temperature in the drying bin to 40-45 ℃ after 0.9-1.3 hours, and keeping the temperature for 3.1-3.5 hours; finally, after 1.21.4 hours, the temperature in the drying bin is raised to 48-50 ℃, and the constant temperature is maintained for 1.5-2 hours;

s6, metal detection: and (5) manually selecting the material subjected to vacuum freeze-drying in the step (S5), removing defective broken agaricus bisporus filaments and impurities, and detecting the agaricus bisporus filaments by using a metal detector to obtain finished agaricus bisporus filaments.

Preferably, the fresh agaricus bisporus is pre-cooled for 24 hours in a storage room with the air relative humidity of 90-100% and the constant temperature of 4 ℃ before the step S1 is performed.

Preferably, the fresh agaricus bisporus is the agaricus bisporus which is just picked, has no mechanical injury, is consistent in size and is good in color.

Preferably, in the vacuum freeze-drying process, the material which is frozen quickly in the step S4 is sent into a drying bin of a vacuum drying system with the vacuum degree of 15Pa, the initial temperature in the drying bin is controlled at 24 ℃, the temperature in the drying bin is increased to 40 ℃ after 1.3 hours, and the temperature is kept constant for 3.1 hours.

Preferably, after 1.6 hours, the temperature in the drying bin is raised to 54 ℃, and the constant temperature is maintained for 3.8 hours; then, after 1 hour, the temperature in the drying bin is raised to 77 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 1.8 hours;

preferably, after 1.2 hours, the temperature in the drying bin is reduced to 60 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 2.8 hours; after 1.1 hour, the temperature in the drying bin is reduced to 42 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 3.3 hours; and finally, after 1.3 hours, raising the temperature in the drying bin to 49 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 1.7 hours.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the preservation method of the agaricus bisporus, the agaricus bisporus is dried in a vacuum environment through pre-drying, then hot steam is used for drying and steaming the agaricus bisporus, so that the agaricus bisporus becomes loose and expanded, the agaricus bisporus is extruded before shredding treatment, the agaricus bisporus is shredded after being flattened through extrusion, the shredding effect of the agaricus bisporus can be effectively improved, the shredded agaricus bisporus filaments are neat and attractive in appearance, the agaricus bisporus filaments are irradiated by using an ultraviolet lamp in the pre-drying treatment process, a good sterilization and disinfection effect can be achieved, the goniasterol in the agaricus bisporus can be converted into vitamin D through ultraviolet rays, and therefore the nutritional value of the agaricus bisporus filaments is effectively improved. The shredded agaricus bisporus filaments are dried through vacuum freeze-drying, and a reasonable freeze-drying temperature curve is adopted, so that the loss of nutrient substances in the agaricus bisporus filaments is greatly reduced, the storage time of the agaricus bisporus filaments is prolonged, the dried agaricus bisporus filaments are good in rehydration effect, and the rehydrated agaricus bisporus filaments are good in taste and high in nutritional value.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in more detail and fully with reference to the following embodiments.

A storage method of agaricus bisporus is characterized in that the agaricus bisporus is processed into agaricus bisporus filaments for storage, and the storage method of the agaricus bisporus comprises the following steps:

s1, pre-drying: selecting fresh agaricus bisporus, cleaning, cutting mushroom stems of the agaricus bisporus to obtain mushroom umbrellas, placing the mushroom umbrellas in a drying bin with the vacuum degree of 0.40Pa and the temperature of 50-55 ℃ for drying for 2-3 hours, then reducing the temperature in the drying bin to 42-45 ℃ by utilizing 20-25 minutes, drying the mushroom umbrellas to the moisture content of 15-18%, and irradiating the mushroom umbrellas for 3.5-4 hours by using an ultraviolet lamp in the drying process;

s2, drying and steaming: feeding the mushroom umbrellas dried in the step S1 into a drying and steaming device, and drying and steaming the mushroom umbrellas for 10-14 minutes by using hot steam at 100 ℃;

s3, shredding: extruding the mushroom umbrellas subjected to the baking and steaming treatment in the step S2 by using an extruding roller, flattening the mushroom umbrellas, pressing the moisture content of the mushroom umbrellas to 32% -36%, shredding the mushroom umbrellas, and cutting the mushroom umbrellas into strip-shaped agaricus bisporus shreds with the width of 2-5 mm;

s4, quick freezing: spreading the agaricus bisporus filaments in a material tray, then sending the agaricus bisporus filaments into a quick freezing chamber with the temperature of minus 42-minus 38 ℃ for quick freezing, firstly utilizing the materials for 2-3 hours to reduce the central temperature of the materials to minus 18-minus 12 ℃, and then utilizing the materials for 1-1.5 hours to reduce the central temperature of the materials to minus 25-minus 22 ℃;

s5, vacuum freeze-drying: sending the material which is frozen quickly in the step S4 into a drying bin of a vacuum drying system with the vacuum degree of 0-30Pa, controlling the initial temperature in the drying bin at 23-26 ℃, increasing the temperature in the drying bin to 38-42 ℃ after 1.2-1.5 hours, and keeping the temperature for 3-3.2 hours; then, after 1.4-1.8 hours, the temperature in the drying bin is raised to 53-55 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 3.5-4 hours; then, after 0.8-1.2 hours, the temperature in the drying bin is raised to 74-80 ℃, and the temperature is kept constant for 1.7-2 hours; then, after 1-1.5 hours, the temperature in the drying bin is reduced to 58-62 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2.5-3 hours; cooling the temperature in the drying bin to 40-45 ℃ after 0.9-1.3 hours, and keeping the temperature for 3.1-3.5 hours; finally, after 1.21.4 hours, the temperature in the drying bin is raised to 48-50 ℃, and the constant temperature is maintained for 1.5-2 hours;

s6, metal detection: and (5) manually selecting the material subjected to vacuum freeze-drying in the step (S5), removing defective broken agaricus bisporus filaments and impurities, and detecting the agaricus bisporus filaments by using a metal detector to obtain finished agaricus bisporus filaments.

Preferably, the fresh agaricus bisporus is pre-cooled for 24 hours in a storage room with the air relative humidity of 90-100% and the constant temperature of 4 ℃ before the step S1 is performed.

Preferably, the fresh agaricus bisporus is the agaricus bisporus which is just picked, has no mechanical injury, is consistent in size and is good in color.

Preferably, in the vacuum freeze-drying process, the material which is frozen quickly in the step S4 is sent into a drying bin of a vacuum drying system with the vacuum degree of 15Pa, the initial temperature in the drying bin is controlled at 24 ℃, the temperature in the drying bin is increased to 40 ℃ after 1.3 hours, and the temperature is kept constant for 3.1 hours.

Preferably, after 1.6 hours, the temperature in the drying bin is raised to 54 ℃, and the constant temperature is maintained for 3.8 hours; then, after 1 hour, the temperature in the drying bin is raised to 77 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 1.8 hours;

preferably, after 1.2 hours, the temperature in the drying bin is reduced to 60 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 2.8 hours; after 1.1 hour, the temperature in the drying bin is reduced to 42 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 3.3 hours; and finally, after 1.3 hours, raising the temperature in the drying bin to 49 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 1.7 hours.