阅读说明：本技术 钒铁的冶炼方法 (Method for smelting ferrovanadium ) 是由 许楠 邓孝伯 王永钢 余波 杜勇 游本银 王绍云 于 2019-10-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及钒铁的冶炼方法,属于冶金技术领域。本发明提供了钒铁的冶炼方法,该方法采用随着冶炼过程的进行,逐步提高配铝系数的冶炼工艺,即先后加入四批炉料进行冶炼,第一批炉料由两罐炉料组成,第一罐以V<Sub>2</Sub>O<Sub>5</Sub>为原料,按照配铝系数0.88-0.95配加铝,第二罐以V<Sub>2</Sub>O<Sub>3</Sub>为原料,按照配铝系数0.88-0.95配加铝；第二批炉料以V<Sub>2</Sub>O<Sub>3</Sub>为原料,按照配铝系数0.92-1.0配加铝；第三批炉料以V<Sub>2</Sub>O<Sub>3</Sub>为原料,按照配铝系数1.0-1.07配加铝；第四批炉料为精炼料,含有铝和造渣剂。本发明的实施可以极大提高钒资源综合利用效率,同时降低原料的综合消耗,能够产生巨大的经济效益。(The invention relates to a method for smelting ferrovanadium, belonging to the technical field of metallurgy. The invention provides a method for smelting ferrovanadium, which adopts a smelting process that the aluminum distribution coefficient is gradually improved along with the smelting process, namely four batches of furnace burden are added in sequence for smelting, the first batch of furnace burden consists of two tanks of furnace burden, and the first tank adopts V 2 O 5 Adding aluminum according to the aluminum mixing coefficient of 0.88-0.95 as raw materials, and adding V into the second tank 2 O 3 Adding aluminum according to the aluminum mixing coefficient of 0.88-0.95; the second batch of charge material is charged with V 2 O 3 Adding aluminum according to the aluminum mixing coefficient of 0.92-1.0; the third batch of charge material is divided into V 2 O 3 Adding aluminum according to the aluminum mixing coefficient of 1.0-1.07; the fourth batch of furnace burden is a refining material and contains aluminum and a slagging agent. The implementation of the invention can greatly improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of vanadium resources and simultaneously reduce the raw materialsThe comprehensive consumption of the process can generate great economic benefit.)

1. The ferrovanadium smelting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

a. preparing furnace charge: four batches of furnace charge are prepared respectively, the first batch of furnace charge consists of two tanks of furnace charge, the first tank is V₂O₅Adding aluminum according to the aluminum mixing coefficient of 0.88-0.95 and adding a slag former into the raw materials, and adding V into a second tank₂O₃Adding aluminum according to the aluminum mixing coefficient of 0.88-0.95 and adding a slagging constituent, wherein V₂O₅：V₂O₃The mass ratio is (0.3-0.6): 1;

the second batch of charge material is charged with V₂O₃Adding aluminum according to the aluminum mixing coefficient of 0.92-1.0 and adding a slagging constituent into the raw materials;

the third batch of charge material is divided into V₂O₃Adding aluminum according to the aluminum mixing coefficient of 1.0-1.07 and adding a slagging constituent as a raw material;

the fourth batch of furnace burden is a refining material and contains aluminum and a slag former, wherein the mass of the aluminum is the sum of the aluminum distribution amount of the first batch of furnace burden, the second batch of furnace burden and the third batch of furnace burden subtracted from the aluminum distribution amount of the total furnace burden with the aluminum distribution coefficient of 1.02-1.06;

the mass ratio of vanadium-containing raw materials in the first batch, the second batch and the third batch of furnace materials is (0.5-1): 1: 1;

wherein the aluminum blending coefficient is the actual aluminum blending amount divided by the theoretical aluminum demand amount, and the theoretical aluminum demand amount is calculated by using vanadium-containing raw material V₂O₅Or V₂O₃Multiplying the mass of the medium oxygen element by 1.125;

b. smelting: adding the furnace charge of the first tank into a smelting furnace, electrifying and igniting an electrode, adding the furnace charge of the second tank, and electrifying to fully smelt; then adding the second batch of furnace burden into a smelting furnace, and electrifying for sufficient smelting; then adding the third batch of furnace burden into a smelting furnace, and electrifying for sufficient smelting; and finally, adding the refined material into a smelting furnace, electrifying to fully smelt, finishing the smelting process, and cooling to obtain the ferrovanadium alloy.

2. A smelting process according to claim 1, wherein: step a satisfies at least one of the following:

the first tank is filled with V₂O₅Adding aluminum according to the aluminum mixing coefficient of 0.90-0.93 as raw materials;

the second tank is filled with V₂O₃Adding aluminum according to the aluminum mixing coefficient of 0.90-0.93 as raw materials;

v in the first charge₂O₅：V₂O₃The mass ratio is 0.5: 1;

the second batch of charge material is charged with V₂O₃Adding aluminum according to the aluminum mixing coefficient of 0.95-0.98 as raw material;

the third batch of charge material is divided into V₂O₃Adding aluminum according to the aluminum coefficient of 1.04-1.05;

the mass of aluminum in the fourth batch of furnace charge is equal to the sum of the aluminum distribution coefficient of the total furnace charge which is 1.04 minus the aluminum distribution of the first, second and third batch of furnace charge;

the mass ratio of vanadium-containing raw materials in the first batch of furnace burden, the second batch of furnace burden and the third batch of furnace burden is 0.75: 1: 1.

3. a smelting process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the aluminum is added in the form of aluminum particles.

4. A smelting process according to claim 1, wherein: the addition amount of the slag former in the first batch of furnace charge, the second batch of furnace charge and the third batch of furnace charge is 5-10% of the mass of the vanadium-containing raw material respectively, and the addition amount of the slag former in the fourth batch of furnace charge is 3-5% of the total mass of the vanadium-containing raw material.

5. A smelting process as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein: the slagging agent is lime.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: iron is also added into the furnace burden; preferably, the iron is dosed according to the iron content in FeV 80.

7. A smelting process according to claim 1, wherein: b, adding a second tank of furnace burden, and then electrifying for smelting for 15-30 min; preferably, the second tank of charging materials is added in the step b, and then the electric smelting is carried out for 30 min.

8. A smelting process according to claim 1, wherein: b, adding a second batch of furnace burden, and then electrifying for smelting for 10-25 min; preferably, the second batch of charging materials are added in the step b and then are electrified for smelting for 20 min.

9. A smelting process according to claim 1, wherein: b, adding a third batch of furnace burden, and then electrifying for smelting for 10-25 min; preferably, the third batch of furnace burden is added in the step b, and then the furnace is electrified and smelted for 20 min.

10. A smelting process according to claim 1, wherein: b, adding the refining material, and then electrifying for smelting for 15-30 min; preferably, the refining material is added in the step b and then the electric smelting is carried out for 25min or 30 min.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for smelting ferrovanadium, belonging to the technical field of metallurgy.

Background

Ferrovanadium is the most important vanadium-containing ferroalloy and the most important vanadium product with the largest yield, and accounts for more than 70 percent of the final dosage of the vanadium product. Ferrovanadium is an important alloying additive in the steel industry. Vanadium improves the strength, toughness, heat resistance and ductility of steel, and ferrovanadium is commonly used in the production of carbon steel, low alloy steel strength steel, high alloy steel, tool steel and cast iron. At present, the method mainly adopted for smelting ferrovanadium at home is two methods, namely an aluminothermic method and an electric aluminothermic method, smelting furnace types are divided into two types, namely a tilting furnace and a straight-tube furnace, and the smelting principle is mainly vanadium oxide (mainly V)₂O₃And V₂O₅) The vanadium is reduced into a simple substance state from high valence by oxidation-reduction reaction with a reducing agent aluminum at high temperature, and the simple substance vanadium is alloyed with iron to produce a vanadium-iron alloy product.

The aluminothermic smelting of ferrovanadium is generally carried out with V₂O₅The method adopts a straight barrel furnace smelting process as a production raw material, has large consumption of reducing agent aluminum and single production raw material, and is widely applied in medium and small-scale ferrovanadium production enterprises. The production of ferrovanadium by an electro-aluminothermic process is divided into two types of smelting furnace types, namely a tilting furnace and a straight-barrel furnace, wherein the process for smelting ferrovanadium by the electro-aluminothermic process straight-barrel furnace is most widely applied, and V can be flexibly used when the ferrovanadium is produced₂O₃And V₂O₅Has great advantages in the requirement of raw materials and adopts V₂O₃When used as a raw material, the aluminum consumption as a reducing agent can be reduced. The ferrovanadium smelting yield is one of the most important economic and technical indexes in the ferrovanadium smelting process, and generally refers to the ratio of the total mass of vanadium elements in an alloy produced by smelting to the total mass of vanadium elements in smelting raw materials, the vanadium loss in the smelting process mainly comprises vanadium loss in smelting slag and vanadium loss in a dust removal system and a furnace body refractory material erosion layer, and the ratio of the vanadium loss in the slag in the vanadium loss is far higher than that in other parts.

Straight barrel furnace by electric aluminothermic processThe main process flow for smelting ferrovanadium comprises the following steps: manufacturing a furnace lining, batching, smelting, blowing and refining, cooling, disassembling the furnace, and crushing and packaging ferrovanadium. The material preparation and smelting process is the key process of the whole ferrovanadium production, and the specific process is based on V₂O₃And V₂O₅The quality and vanadium content are determined by adding aluminum, iron, lime and other substances according to a certain aluminum mixing coefficient and ferrovanadium grade, all the materials are put into a charging bucket and mixed evenly, and a furnace of ferrovanadium usually has 4-6 tanks of furnace burden. A tank V is arranged at the beginning of smelting₂O₅Adding into a smelting furnace, electrifying for ignition, adding V in batches (generally divided into 2-3 batches) after the furnace charge is completely melted₂O₃And (4) furnace burden, wherein after all furnace burden are completely melted, an injection system is used for injecting aluminum powder into the furnace for refining, and after the refining is finished, the furnace burden is continuously electrified for a period of time for strengthening smelting. And after the smelting is finished, cooling the ferrovanadium alloy and the furnace slag in the furnace along with the furnace, and further carrying out furnace disassembly, crushing and packaging. The ferrovanadium smelting process is mature and stable, but the ferrovanadium smelting yield is low, generally between 95% and 96%, the recovery rate of vanadium can be improved only by improving the aluminum-adding coefficient, and when the aluminum-adding coefficient is improved to 1.04-1.05, the smelting yield is improved, but the aluminum content in the ferrovanadium is greatly increased, and unqualified products are easily produced.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a method for smelting ferrovanadium.

The invention provides a method for smelting ferrovanadium, which comprises the following steps:

a. preparing furnace charge: four batches of furnace charge are prepared respectively, the first batch of furnace charge consists of two tanks of furnace charge, the first tank is V₂O₅Adding aluminum according to the aluminum mixing coefficient of 0.88-0.95 and adding a slag former into the raw materials, and adding V into a second tank₂O₃Adding aluminum according to the aluminum mixing coefficient of 0.88-0.95 and adding a slagging constituent, wherein V₂O₅：V₂O₃The mass ratio is (0.3-0.6): 1;

the second batch of charge material is charged with V₂O₃Adding aluminum according to the aluminum mixing coefficient of 0.92-1.0 and adding a slagging constituent into the raw materials;

the third batch of charge material is divided into V₂O₃Adding aluminum according to the aluminum mixing coefficient of 1.0-1.07 and adding a slagging constituent as a raw material;

the fourth batch of furnace burden is a refining material and contains aluminum and a slag former, wherein the mass of the aluminum is the sum of the aluminum distribution amount of the first batch of furnace burden, the second batch of furnace burden and the third batch of furnace burden subtracted from the aluminum distribution amount of the total furnace burden with the aluminum distribution coefficient of 1.02-1.06;

the mass ratio of vanadium-containing raw materials in the first batch, the second batch and the third batch of furnace materials is (0.5-1): 1: 1;

wherein the aluminum blending coefficient is the actual aluminum blending amount divided by the theoretical aluminum demand amount, and the theoretical aluminum demand amount is calculated by using vanadium-containing raw material V₂O₅Or V₂O₃Multiplying the mass of the medium oxygen element by 1.125;

b. smelting: adding the furnace charge of the first tank into a smelting furnace, electrifying and igniting an electrode, adding the furnace charge of the second tank, and electrifying to fully smelt; then adding the second batch of furnace burden into a smelting furnace, and electrifying for sufficient smelting; then adding the third batch of furnace burden into a smelting furnace, and electrifying for sufficient smelting; and finally, adding the refined material into a smelting furnace, electrifying to fully smelt, finishing the smelting process, and cooling to obtain the ferrovanadium alloy.

Further, step a satisfies at least one of the following:

the first tank is filled with V₂O₅Adding aluminum according to the aluminum mixing coefficient of 0.90-0.93 as raw materials;

the second tank is filled with V₂O₃Adding aluminum according to the aluminum mixing coefficient of 0.90-0.93 as raw materials;

v in the first charge₂O₅：V₂O₃The mass ratio is 0.5: 1;

the second batch of charge material is charged with V₂O₃Adding aluminum according to the aluminum mixing coefficient of 0.95-0.98 as raw material;

the third batch of charge material is divided into V₂O₃Adding aluminum according to the aluminum coefficient of 1.04-1.05;

the mass of aluminum in the fourth batch of furnace charge is equal to the sum of the aluminum distribution coefficient of the total furnace charge which is 1.04 minus the aluminum distribution of the first, second and third batch of furnace charge;

the mass ratio of vanadium-containing raw materials in the first batch of furnace burden, the second batch of furnace burden and the third batch of furnace burden is 0.75: 1: 1.

further, the aluminum is added in the form of aluminum particles.

Furthermore, the addition amount of the slag former in the first batch of furnace burden, the second batch of furnace burden and the third batch of furnace burden is 5-10% of the mass of the vanadium-containing raw material, and the addition amount of the slag former in the fourth batch of furnace burden is 3-5% of the total mass of the vanadium-containing raw material.

Further, the slagging agent is lime.

Further, iron is added into the furnace burden.

Preferably, the iron is dosed according to the iron content in FeV 80.

And further, charging the second tank of furnace burden in the step b, and then electrifying for smelting for 15-30 min.

Preferably, the second tank of charging materials is added in the step b, and then the electric smelting is carried out for 30 min.

And further, charging the second batch of furnace burden in the step b, and then electrifying for smelting for 10-25 min.

Preferably, the second batch of charging materials are added in the step b and then are electrified for smelting for 20 min.

And further, charging the third batch of furnace charge in the step b, and then electrifying for smelting for 10-25 min.

Preferably, the third batch of furnace burden is added in the step b, and then the furnace is electrified and smelted for 20 min.

And further, adding the refining material in the step b, and then electrifying for smelting for 15-30 min.

Preferably, the refining material is added in the step b and then the electric smelting is carried out for 25min or 30 min.

The invention provides a method for smelting ferrovanadium, which adopts a smelting process that the aluminum blending coefficient is gradually improved along with the progress of the smelting process, can stably control the content of residual vanadium in slag to be between 1.0 and 1.3 percent, has the ferrovanadium yield of more than 97.5 percent, controls the content of aluminum in the ferrovanadium to be at a low level of 0.9 to 1.2 percent, and has stable and reliable product yield and quality. The implementation of the invention can greatly improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of vanadium resources, simultaneously reduce the comprehensive consumption of raw materials and can generate great economic benefit.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a smelting process for gradually improving the aluminum distribution coefficient along with the smelting process by researching the distribution relation of reducing agent aluminum in slag and alloy, and a mode of adding refined materials is adopted to carry out the reinforced reduction process in the later stage of smelting. The aluminum distribution coefficient of the first batch of furnace burden and the second batch of furnace burden is lower than 1, namely the actual aluminum distribution amount is smaller than the theoretical aluminum demand amount, at the moment, because the furnace burden is in a state of less aluminum, aluminum in the furnace burden basically participates in the redox reaction with vanadium oxide, and a very small amount of simple substance aluminum enters into vanadium iron alloy produced by the reaction, so that low-aluminum vanadium iron can be produced in the early stage of smelting. With the addition of the third batch of furnace burden and the refined material, the amount of slag in the furnace slag reaches the maximum, the thickness of the furnace slag is the thickest, and unreacted simple substance aluminum in the furnace slag has a great deal of opportunity to react with vanadium oxide in the furnace slag, so that the effect of strengthening the reduction reaction at the last stage of smelting is achieved, and the aluminum content in the alloy is not overproof.

On the other hand, in the smelting process, when the first batch of furnace charge is smelted, V is firstly added₂O₅The furnace charge is added with V after being electrified and ignited₂O₃The charge of (2), now containing V₂O₅The furnace charge spontaneously reacts to generate redundant heat to heat the V-containing material₂O₃The furnace burden fully utilizes the reaction heat of the furnace burden, and simultaneously increases the smelting time of the first batch of furnace burden so as to improve the temperature of a hearth at the initial stage of smelting and be beneficial to the full reaction of the materials with lower aluminum distribution coefficient added at the initial stage.

Further, the slag former is preferably lime. The lime in the refining material is added into the slag, so that the melting point of a slag system can be reduced, the fluidity of the slag is improved, the separation efficiency of slag and metal is enhanced, and the effect of improving the yield of vanadium smelting is finally achieved.

The scheme of the invention will be explained with reference to the examples. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples, where specific techniques or conditions are not indicated, are to be construed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.