阅读说明：本技术 一种管子-管板角焊缝未焊透缺陷高度测量系统及方法 (System and method for measuring height of incomplete penetration defect of tube-tube plate fillet weld ) 是由 陈太军 谢进 谭云华 张军辉 潘毅 杜显禄 石爱玲 于 2019-10-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及焊缝检测,具体公开了一种测量方法,用于测量管子-管板角焊缝未焊透缺陷高度,该测量系统包括X射线机、透照底片和刻度尺,所述X射线机的射线焦点置于管子内,所述透照底片、刻度尺依次置于待测焊缝外,当管子射线焦点照射待测焊缝时,待测焊缝上的未焊透缺陷可在透照底片上形成影像,而所述刻度尺则可读取影像刻度值。该测量系统填补了国内外对焊缝未焊透高度控制有需求但无测量方法这一块的空白。并且,采用上述系统测量管子-管板角焊缝未焊透缺陷高度,测量操作简单快速,测量结果真实、可靠、一致性好,对于评价未焊透类缺陷是否超标具有重要意义。(The invention relates to weld joint detection, and particularly discloses a measuring method for measuring the height of a non-penetration defect of a tube-tube plate fillet weld. The measuring system fills the blank that the lack of a measuring method has a requirement on the control of the incomplete penetration height of the welding seam at home and abroad. And the system is adopted to measure the height of the incomplete penetration defect of the fillet weld of the tube-tube plate, the measurement operation is simple and quick, the measurement result is real and reliable, the consistency is good, and the system has important significance for evaluating whether the incomplete penetration defect exceeds the standard.)

1. A measurement system for measuring the height of a tube-tube sheet fillet weld lack of penetration defect.

2. The height measuring system for the incomplete penetration defect of the tube-tube plate fillet weld is characterized by comprising an X-ray machine (5), a transillumination film (6) and a graduated scale (7), wherein a ray focus (13) of the X-ray machine is arranged in a tube (2), the transillumination film and the graduated scale are sequentially arranged outside a weld joint (3) to be measured, when the ray focus of the tube irradiates the weld joint to be measured, the incomplete penetration defect (4) on the weld joint to be measured can form an image on the transillumination film, and the graduated scale can read an image scale value.

3. The system for measuring the height of the lack of penetration defect in the fillet weld between tube and tube plate according to claim 2, characterized in that the X-ray machine (5) is a rod anode machine, the said radiation focus (13) being located on the anode rod (10) of the X-ray machine, which extends inside the tube and the axis of the rod anode coincides with the axis of the tube.

4. The system for measuring the height of the lack of penetration defect of the fillet weld of the tube-tube plate according to claim 3, characterized by further comprising a transillumination compensation block (8) which is arranged around the radiation focus (13) and fixed on the X-ray machine (5); the transillumination compensation block (8) is provided with an inner chute which is arranged around the ray focus.

5. The system for measuring the height of the lack of penetration defect of the fillet weld of the tube-tube plate as claimed in claim 4, wherein the upper surface of the inner chute is an inclined surface, and the inclined surface is positioned between the ray focus (13) and the weld (3) to be measured; the inclination angle and the direction of the inclined plane correspond to the outer surface of the welding line (3) to be detected.

6. The system for measuring the height of the lack of penetration defect of the fillet weld of the tube-tube plate according to claim 5, characterized in that the transillumination compensation block (8) is screwed on the anode bar (10) of the X-ray machine (5).

7. The system for measuring the height of the incomplete penetration defect of the fillet weld of the tube-tube plate as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the graduated scale (7) is uniformly provided with scales (11), and the scale is uniformly provided with scales, and one surface of the scale faces the transillumination negative plate (6).

8. A method of measuring the height of a pipe-to-pipe sheet fillet weld penetration defect using the measurement system of claim 7, comprising the steps of:

A. installing a measuring system, enabling the transillumination negative plate (6) and the graduated scale (7) to be overlapped and then arranged in parallel to the tube plate, and measuring required calculation data: the outer diameter R of the tube (2), the distance D between the transillumination bottom plate and the tube plate (1), and the maximum depth D0 of a weld joint to be measured on the tube plate;

B. starting an X-ray machine (5) to irradiate a welding line (3) to be detected, exposing a transillumination film (6), forming an image on the transillumination film (6) by virtue of an unwelded defect (4) on the welding line to be detected, and reading the value of the minimum distance L between the image and the central axis of the pipe through a scale value (11) on a graduated scale (11);

C. calculated as the penetration defect height h:wherein d is₀＝D+D₀。

9. The measurement method according to claim 8, wherein in step B, the exposure conditions of the X-ray machine (5) to the transillumination film (6) are: the current is 0.5mA, the time is 60S, and the voltage value is selected according to the penetration thickness of the reference angle seam and the compensation block, so that the blackness value of the image position on the transillumination negative film is 2.0-2.7.

10. A method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein step B3 is repeated more than once and the final L value is averaged over all measurements.

Technical Field

The invention relates to weld joint measurement, in particular to a system and a method for measuring the height of a non-penetration defect of a fillet weld of a tube-tube plate.

Background

With the rapid development of chemical technology, large-scale complex high-parameter chemical heat exchanger products continuously emerge, higher requirements are put forward on the operational reliability of the products, the products are ensured to reliably operate under the environment with severe operating conditions, and the key factor for reducing the unplanned outage rate of a unit is the quality of the fillet weld between the heat exchanger tube and the tube plate. Frequent leakage of the fillet weld between the tube and the tube plate not only reduces the heat exchange and production efficiency of the unit, but also causes unstable operation parameters and seriously affects the service life of the unit. Therefore, the surface detection of the corner seam between the tube and the tube plate is far from meeting the use requirement of the product.

With the advent of rod anode X-ray machines and microfocus X-ray machines, many chemical heat exchanger products require the use of X-rays to detect the internal quality of the fillet weld between the tube and the tube plate so as to achieve the purpose of improving the safety and reliability of the unit operation.

The effective thickness of the welding seam is reduced due to incomplete penetration defects in the welding seam or in a root area, and the welding seam leakage is caused under the combined action of alternating stress, pipe vibration, pressure, high temperature, corrosive environment and the like when the welding seam area with the reduced thickness of the welding seam runs, so different limits are provided for the height of the incomplete penetration defects at the corner seam root of the pipe plate of the pipe under different specifications, such as 'the incomplete penetration defects are not allowed' according to the ISO standard requirement; ASME standard evaluation of tube and tube plate fillet weld process requires that a part of a weld root joint with the thickness of more than 0.4mm must be completely melted through, namely, the unwelded part with the height of 0.4mm is allowed; the experience of the world advanced heat exchange equipment manufacturer, Driboshusband company, in the limit value of the incomplete penetration defect, that h is less than or equal to 0.5mm, and only partial complete circles are allowed, is realized; the domestic specification test NB/47013 describes the acceptance of the incomplete penetration defect of the tube and tube plate, that is, the classification of the defect of the sealing welding does not relate to the incomplete penetration, namely, the incomplete penetration is allowed; and the incomplete penetration inspection and acceptance of the strength welding needs to be agreed by two parties. Although the relevant specifications set magnitude requirements for the lack of penetration defect height limit, domestic and foreign standards do not set forth a method for quantitatively measuring the lack of penetration.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a measuring system for measuring the height of the incomplete penetration defect of the fillet weld of a tube-tube plate, and fills the blank that the control of the incomplete penetration height of the fillet weld at home and abroad has a requirement but no measuring method exists.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a measuring system for measuring the height of the incomplete penetration defect of the fillet weld of a tube-tube plate comprises an X-ray machine, a transillumination negative film and a graduated scale, wherein the ray focus of the X-ray machine is arranged in the tube, the transillumination negative film and the graduated scale are sequentially arranged outside a weld to be measured, when the ray focus of the tube irradiates the weld to be measured, the incomplete penetration defect on the weld to be measured can form an image on the transillumination negative film, and the graduated scale can read the scale value of the image.

In particular, the X-ray machine is a rod anode ray machine, the radiation focus is located on an anode rod of the X-ray machine, the anode rod extends into the tube and the axis of the rod anode coincides with the axis of the tube.

Further, the X-ray machine comprises a transillumination compensation block, wherein the transillumination compensation block is arranged around a ray focus and is fixed on the X-ray machine; the transillumination compensation block is provided with an inner chute which is arranged around the ray focus.

Furthermore, the upper surface of the inner chute is an inclined surface, and the inclined surface is positioned between the ray focus and the welding line to be detected; the inclination angle and the direction of the inclined plane correspond to the outer surface of the welding line to be detected.

Furthermore, the transillumination compensation block is in threaded connection with an anode rod of the X-ray machine.

As a preferred scheme, the graduated scale is uniformly provided with scales, and one side of the graduated scale faces the transillumination negative film.

The invention also aims to provide a method for measuring the height of the incomplete penetration defect of the fillet weld of the pipe-pipe plate by using the system, which has the advantages of simple and quick measurement operation, real and reliable measurement result and good consistency.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the method for measuring the height of the incomplete penetration defect of the fillet weld of the pipe-pipe plate by the measuring system comprises the following steps:

A. installing a measuring system, enabling the transillumination negative plate and the graduated scale to be arranged in parallel to the tube plate after being overlapped, and measuring required calculation data: the outer diameter R of the tube, the distance D between the transillumination bottom plate and the tube plate and the maximum depth D0 of the weld joint to be measured on the tube plate;

B. starting an X-ray machine to irradiate a welding line to be detected, exposing a transillumination film, forming an image on the transillumination film by virtue of an incomplete penetration defect on the welding line to be detected, and reading the value of the minimum distance L between the image and the central axis of the tube through a scale value on a graduated scale;

C. calculated as the penetration defect height h: h is d₀-F × L-LR; wherein d is₀＝D+D₀。

Preferably, in step B, the conditions for exposing the transillumination film by the X-ray machine are as follows: the current is 0.5mA, the time is 60S, and the voltage value is selected according to the penetration thickness of the reference angle seam and the compensation block, so that the blackness value of the image position on the transillumination negative film is 2.0-2.7.

Preferably, step B3 is repeated more than once, and the final L value is the average of all measurements.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) in view of the fact that the current relevant specifications and users provide defect height control requirements for the lack of penetration of the fillet weld of the tube-tube plate, but domestic and foreign standards and specifications do not provide a method for quantitatively measuring the lack of penetration, the invention particularly provides a system capable of measuring the height of the lack of penetration of the fillet weld of the tube-tube plate and a method for measuring by using the system, and aims to fill the blank at home and abroad.

(2) The detection conditions and the arrangement mode of the invention are completely the same as those of actual workpieces, the height of the incomplete penetration defect of the corner joint of the tube-tube plate can be effectively, correctly and really measured, and particularly, the measurement of the critical height dimension allowed by the standard can meet the limit value requirement of standard users on the incomplete penetration height dimension and improve the evaluation accuracy of detection and evaluation personnel.

(3) The system components adopted by the method have simple structure, convenient processing and simple operation, can simply and quickly achieve the purpose of measuring the height of the incomplete penetration defect of the corner joint of the tube-tube plate, and has real and reliable measuring result and good consistency.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of measurement in example 1;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a scale structure;

figure 3 is a schematic view of the tube-to-tube sheet fillet weld configuration of example 2.

Wherein, the names corresponding to the reference numbers are:

1-tube plate, 2-tube, 3-welding seam to be measured, 4-incomplete penetration defect, 5-X-ray machine, 6-transillumination negative film, 7-graduated scale, 8-transillumination compensation block, 9-thread, 10-anode bar, 11-graduation, 12-installation round hole and 13-ray focus.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following description and examples, which include but are not limited to the following examples.

The invention particularly provides a measuring system and a method for measuring the height of the incomplete penetration defect of the fillet weld of the tube-tube plate, so as to fill the blank, because the relevant specifications provide a magnitude requirement for the limit value of the height of the incomplete penetration defect, but domestic and foreign standards do not provide a method for quantitatively measuring the incomplete penetration height. The measuring system comprises an X-ray machine 5, a transillumination negative film 6, a graduated scale 7 and a transillumination compensation block 8, wherein the X-ray machine 5 is a rod anode ray machine, and a ray focus 13 is positioned on an anode rod 10 of the X-ray machine. In order that the present technique may be more clearly understood, several specific examples are set forth below in detail.