阅读说明：本技术 一种黄粉虫沙、虫蜕的新型秸秆复合饲料 (Novel straw composite feed of yellow mealworm sand and ghost ) 是由 黄维浦 王政 赵多军 于 2019-09-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明具体提供一种含黄粉虫沙、虫蜕的新型秸秆复合饲料,采用黄粉虫沙、黄粉虫蜕、棉花秸秆、棉籽壳、棉籽饼粕、鲜瓜果皮为原料。通过将黄粉虫沙、虫蜕加入饲料原料中,大大提升了饲料中蛋白质的含量。通过采用黑曲霉、黄孢原毛平革菌、卷枝毛霉和枯草芽孢杆菌作为发酵菌剂,显著降低了游离棉酚含量,避免了饲料中游离棉酚含量过高带来的毒副作用；通过使用本发明所提供的饲料进行饲喂,周岁公牛日增重与常规饲喂相比最高可提高57%,周岁公羊日增重与常规饲喂相比最高可提高85.71%效果显著。(The invention specifically provides a novel straw compound feed containing yellow mealworm sand and ghost, which adopts yellow mealworm sand, yellow mealworm ghost, cotton straw, cottonseed hull, cottonseed cake meal and fresh melon peel as raw materials. The content of protein in the feed is greatly improved by adding the yellow mealworm sand and the periostracum cicada into the feed raw materials. Aspergillus niger, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, mucor circinelloides and bacillus subtilis are used as fermentation inoculants, so that the content of free gossypol is remarkably reduced, and toxic and side effects caused by overhigh content of free gossypol in the feed are avoided; by feeding the feed provided by the invention, the daily gain of the weevil bull can be improved by 57% at most compared with the conventional feeding, and the daily gain of the weevil ram can be improved by 85.71% at most compared with the conventional feeding, so that the effect is remarkable.)

1. The novel straw compound feed for the yellow mealworm sand and the periostracum is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 220-260 parts of yellow mealworm sand, 220-260 parts of yellow mealworm slough, 220-260 parts of cotton straw, 220-260 parts of cottonseed hull, 220-260 parts of cottonseed cake meal, 40-80 parts of fresh melon peel, 6-10 parts of high-calcium powder, 5-9 parts of animal salt and 11-15 parts of leavening agent.

2. The novel straw compound feed of the yellow mealworm sand and the periostracum of the claim 1, which is characterized in that the raw materials comprise, by weight: 240 parts of yellow mealworm sand, 240 parts of yellow mealworm slough, 240 parts of cotton straw, 240 parts of cottonseed hull, 240 parts of cottonseed cake meal, 60 parts of fresh melon pericarp, 8 parts of high-calcium powder, 7 parts of animal salt and 13 parts of leavening agent.

3. The novel straw compound feed of the yellow mealworm sand and the periostracum of the claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following specific production steps:

(1) selecting fresh cotton straws, crushing the cotton straws to 1-3cm, crushing cottonseed hulls and cottonseed cake meal, crushing fresh melon peels, and mixing the selected raw materials;

(2) aspergillus niger of (A), (A) AAspergillus niger) Phanerochaete chrysosporium (A)Phan-erochaete chrysosporium Burdsall) Mucor circinelloides: (A), (B)Phycomycetes) And Bacillus subtilis (B.) (Bacillus subtilis) Activation, viable count reaches 10⁶-10⁷Then, mixing the materials in proportion to prepare a fermentation inoculum;

(3) mixing the mixture prepared in the step (1) and the fermentation microbial inoculum prepared in the step (2), fully and uniformly stirring, adding water, controlling the water content to be 60%, and performing mixed fermentation under a sealed condition; controlling the fermentation temperature at 27-40 ℃, fermenting for 8-10d, and unsealing to obtain a fermentation product;

(4) and (4) drying the fermentation product prepared in the step (3) by hot air at the temperature of 51-59 ℃, drying for 1h at the air speed of 1.2m/s, and turning over once every 10 min.

(5) Mixing the dried fermentation product prepared in the step (4) with yellow mealworm sand, yellow mealworm slough, high-calcium powder, animal salt and water, crushing, and preparing into feed particles by adopting a circular membrane granulator and a roller granulator;

(6) and (4) carrying out sectional type drying on the feed particles obtained in the step (5) to ensure that the water content is lower than 13%.

4. The novel straw composite feed of the yellow mealworm sand and the periostracum of claim 1, which is characterized in that Aspergillus niger (A.niger) is activated in the specific production stepAspergillus niger) Phanerochaete chrysosporium (A)Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burdsall) Mucor circinelloides: (A), (B)Phycomycetes) And Bacillus subtilis (B.) (Bacillus subtilis) Mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:2:1: 3.

5. The novel straw compound feed of the yellow mealworm sand and the periostracum cicada as claimed in claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the fermentation bacteria agent in the specific production step is 13%.

6. The novel straw composite feed of the yellow mealworm sand and the periostracum is characterized in that the fermentation temperature is 30-37 ℃ in the specific production steps.

7. The novel straw compound feed of the yellow mealworm sand and the periostracum cicada as claimed in claim 1, which is applied to feeding of a yearly bull.

8. The novel straw compound feed of the yellow mealworm sand and the periostracum cicada as claimed in claim 1, which is applied to feeding of a yearly-old ram.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of feed processing, relates to a preparation method of straws, and particularly relates to a novel straw compound feed containing mealworm sand and periostracum.

Background

Tenebrio molitor is also called bread worm (named as additive for bread) and has high protein content at home. The flour weevil is excellent protein feed resource according to expert test analysis. The tenebrio molitor has a high utilization value, and the excrement and the ghost thereof are not negligible available resources, and the tenebrio molitor excrement is the excrement excreted by the tenebrio molitor in the process of culturing the tenebrio molitor. Wheat bran is mostly used for raising yellow mealworms, and yellow mealworms take foodWheat branThe discharged excrement is dry and free of peculiar smell, is fine in particles like sand (commonly called excrement sand), has a micro granular structure with high natural porosity, is also called yellow mealworm sand, and has the surfaceGlue stick Is provided withMicrofilm formed by secretion of yellow mealworm digestive tract. With the development of the yellow mealworm breeding industry, the yellow mealworm excrement becomes a new biological resource and has multiple purposes. The yellow mealworms feed on crop dried stalks, wheat bran, corn flour and the like and can be used as 'seed players' transformed from the waste crop dried stalks which are mainly popularized. In many areas, most of the tenebrio molitor dung and the tenebrio molitor slough are directly used as garbage for disposal except for a small part of the fed people for feeding animals such as poultry, so that resource waste is caused and the environment is polluted.

Xinjiang is a large cotton production area, and has a large amount of cotton byproducts, and the main cotton byproducts at present only need to be: cotton stalk, cotton seed cake, and cotton seed hull. The cotton stalks contain rich nutrients such as protein, calcium, nitrogen-free extract and the like, and the contents of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and the like are higher than those of other gramineous straws, so that the cotton stalks are not easy to digest and absorb by livestock, the palatability is poor, the digestibility is low, and the rich free gossypol restricts the application of the cotton stalks in the animal husbandry, thereby causing the waste of feed resources of the factories. At present, most of cotton stalks are directly burned, grazed and utilized in mountains or returned to fields. For a long time, Xinjiang farmers and stockbreeding companies feed cattle and sheep with cottonseed hulls, and until now, the research reports on the digestibility and the nutritional characteristics of the cottonseed hulls are few. The feed effect test of the cottonseed hulls shows that when the cottonseed hulls replace part of the coarse feed of the daily ration, the daily gain of fattening lambs can be improved, and the cavity quality and the slaughter rate of male fine wool sheep and calf pavilions are increased. The related research results show that when the dairy cows are fed with the cottonseed hulls only in the test process, the cottonseed hulls are wide in source and abundant in reserve as the coarse feed of the ruminants. At present, the utilization of the cottonseed hulls is mostly limited to cultivation of edible fungi or organic fertilizer fertilization fields, and a small part of the cottonseed hulls are used as coarse feed of ruminants; the main factors limiting their effective use are free gossypol and fibrous material. The cottonseed cake has the advantages that the cottonseed after shelling contains 35% of oil and 37% -40% of protein, the content of the oil and the protein is higher than that of rice, wheat and corn, amino acids are complete, vitamin E is enriched, and the digestibility is more than 90%. However, the cotton seed kernel contains gossypol (a cotton toxin) which can poison monogastric animals. Therefore, at present, only a part of the cottonseed cake is used as feed for ruminants, and most of the cottonseed cake is still used as fertilizer, which is waste of protein resources.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems that most of the prior yellow mealworm sand and the prior ghost are directly treated as garbage, so that the resource waste is caused and the environment is polluted; the effective utilization of the cotton straws, the cotton seed hulls and the cotton seed cakes is limited because the cotton straws, the cotton seed hulls and the cotton seed cakes contain free gossypol with toxicity and fiber substances which are difficult to digest and utilize by animals, and the prior art does not see the current technical situation of the prior report on the preparation of the feed by compounding the yellow mealworm sand, the cotton straws, the cotton seed hulls and the cotton seed cakes. The invention aims to provide a novel straw compound feed of yellow mealworm sand and ghost, which reasonably develops and utilizes metabolites of yellow mealworm, has good palatability, can meet the growth needs of animals by using nutrient elements, improves the utilization rate and the use amount of straws, cottonseed hulls and cottonseed cakes generated by cotton planting, and can realize high utilization, low discharge and reutilization of leftovers of agricultural and sideline products. The yellow mealworm metabolites and the cotton planting byproducts are utilized to the maximum extent, the utilization problem of agricultural and sideline product leftovers is solved, the environmental pollution problem is relieved, the contradiction between the development of modern animal husbandry and the insufficient sources of forage grass can be relieved, and the development prospect is very wide.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention specifically provides a novel straw compound feed containing yellow mealworm sand and periostracum Cicadae, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 220-260 parts of yellow mealworm sand, 220-260 parts of yellow mealworm slough, 220-260 parts of cotton straw, 220-260 parts of cottonseed hull, 220-260 parts of cottonseed cake meal, 40-80 parts of fresh melon peel, 6-10 parts of high-calcium powder, 5-9 parts of animal salt and 11-15 parts of leavening agent.

Preferably, the invention specifically provides a novel straw compound feed containing yellow mealworm sand and periostracum cicada, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 240 parts of yellow mealworm sand, 240 parts of yellow mealworm slough, 240 parts of cotton straw, 240 parts of cottonseed hull, 240 parts of cottonseed cake meal, 60 parts of fresh melon pericarp, 8 parts of high-calcium powder, 7 parts of animal salt and 13 parts of leavening agent.

Further, the invention specifically provides a preparation method of the novel straw compound feed containing the yellow mealworm sand and the periostracum, which comprises the following specific production steps:

(1) selecting fresh cotton straws, crushing the cotton straws to 1-3cm, crushing cottonseed hulls and cottonseed cake meal, crushing fresh melon peels, and mixing the selected raw materials for later use;

(2) respectively activating selected Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger), Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Phan-erochaete chrysosporium Burdsall), Mucor circinelloides (Phycomycetes) and Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), wherein the viable count reaches 10⁶-10⁷Then, mixing the materials in proportion to prepare a fermentation inoculum;

(3) mixing the mixture prepared in the step (1) and the fermentation microbial inoculum prepared in the step (2), fully and uniformly stirring, adding water, controlling the water content to be 60%, and performing mixed fermentation under a sealed condition; controlling the fermentation temperature at 27-40 ℃, fermenting for 8-10d, and unsealing to obtain a fermentation product;

(4) and (4) drying the fermentation product prepared in the step (3) by hot air at the temperature of 51-59 ℃, drying for 1h at the air speed of 1.2m/s, and turning over once every 10 min.

(5) Mixing the dried fermentation product prepared in the step (4) with yellow mealworm sand, yellow mealworm slough, high-calcium powder, animal salt and water, crushing, and preparing into feed particles by adopting a circular membrane granulator and a roller granulator;

(6) and (4) carrying out sectional type drying on the feed particles obtained in the step (5) to ensure that the water content is lower than 13%.

Preferably, the activated Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger), Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burdsall), Mucor circinelloides (Phycomycetes) and Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:2:1: 3.

Preferably, the addition amount of the zymogen agent is13％。

Preferably, the fermentation temperature is 30 ℃ to 37 ℃.

The invention provides a novel straw composite feed of yellow mealworm sand and periostracum cicada, which is obtained by the preparation process.

In the invention, adopted four strains of Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger), Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burdsall), mucor circinelloides (Phycomycetes) and bacillus subtilis (bacillus subtilis) are harmless and safe strains allowed to be used by the Ministry of agriculture, all the strains are purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC), common technicians can obtain the strains through public channels, and the culture conditions and the culture media of the four strains can be obtained by common reports in the field.

The strains selected in the invention comprise Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger), Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burdsall), mucor circinelloides (Phycomycetes) and bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), although the strains are well known in the field, the four strains can not be compounded and compatible in the prior art, and particularly the four strains selected in the application can not be compounded and used for crushing cotton straws, cottonseed hulls and cottonseed meals and mixing and fermenting the crushed cotton straws and the fresh melon peels as raw materials in the prior art. For special microbial strain populations, it is well known in the art that any two or more strains can be combined and compatible and can be verified whether to be usable or not through systematic and strict scientific experiments, and whether to adopt mixed fermentation or not.

By implementing the specific invention content of the invention, the following beneficial effects can be achieved:

(1) the novel straw composite feed containing the yellow mealworm sand and the ghost provided by the invention can effectively utilize most of the yellow mealworm sand and the ghost to reduce resource waste and environmental pollution; solves the technical problem that the effective utilization of the cotton straws, the cotton seed hulls and the cotton seed cakes is limited because the cotton straws, the cotton seed hulls and the cotton seed cakes contain free gossypol with toxicity and fiber substances which are difficult to digest and utilize by animals. Simultaneously solves the utilization problem of agricultural and sideline product leftovers and the problem of environmental pollution, can relieve the contradiction between the development of modern animal husbandry and the insufficient source of forage grass, and has very wide development prospect

(2) According to the novel straw composite feed for the yellow mealworm sand and the worm slough, provided by the invention, the nutrient elements can meet the growth needs of animals, the protein content is up to 20.3%, the free gossypol content is as low as 80.1mg/kg, the feeding needs of adult cattle and sheep can be met, by using the novel straw composite feed for the yellow mealworm sand and the worm slough, the daily weight gain of a weevil bull can be improved by 57% at most compared with the conventional feeding, and the daily weight gain of the weevil can be improved by 85.71% at most compared with the conventional feeding by feeding the novel straw composite feed provided by the invention.

(3) The invention provides a novel straw composite feed of yellow mealworm sand and ghost, which uses four strains of Aspergillus niger, Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Phan-aerobic chrysosporium Burdsall), Mucor circinelloides (Phycomycetes) and Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) to have strong adaptability synergistic effect characteristic, generates a plurality of bioactive enzymes to participate in the fermentation process of cotton straws, cottonseed hulls, cottonseed meals and fresh melon peels, has the characteristics of novel strain combination, stable structure, strong enzyme activity, high bacterial count and the like, can quickly form dominant bacterial groups after entering a fermentation material, can greatly grow and reproduce, releases cellulase, dehydrogenase and other bioactive substances, and quickly decomposes lignocellulose, crude fiber, fat, starch, protein and the like in the fermentation material into short-chain low-molecular organic matters. Meanwhile, Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) can be used for decomposing lignin which is difficult to absorb by jokes in cotton straws; phanerochaete chrysosporium (phanerochaete chrysosporium) and mucor circinelloides (Phycomycetes) synergistically decompose free gossypol contained in cottonseed hulls and cottonseed cakes, effectively degrade gossypol contained in original cotton kernels, and reduce adverse toxic effects of cotton toxins on feeding objects; bacillus subtilis produces alpha-amylase and neutral protease. The quality of the novel straw composite feed containing the yellow mealworm sand and the periostracum can be obviously improved through the compatibility of the four bacteria.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the preparation process of the novel straw composite feed containing yellow meal worm sand and worm slough.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the interactive response of the proportion of the fermentation inoculum and the addition amount of the fermentation inoculum.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the interactive response of the amount of the fermentation inoculum and the fermentation temperature.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the interaction response of the proportion of the fermentation inoculum and the fermentation temperature.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described below by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

The materials of the invention are: yellow mealworm sand and yellow mealworm slough are provided by agriculture development limited of Bangcheng city, Xinhe county, and raw and auxiliary materials such as cotton straws, cottonseed hulls, cottonseed cake dregs, fresh melon peels, high-calcium powder and animal salt can be purchased through public channels, and equipment and instruments adopted in the process are common equipment in the field.

Four strains of Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger), Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burdsall), mucor circinelloides (Phycomycetes) and bacillus subtilis (bacillus subtilis) which are selected are harmless and safe strains allowed to be used by the ministry of agriculture, are all purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (CGMCC), and can be obtained by common technicians through public channels.

The culture conditions and culture media of the four bacteria can be obtained by adopting common reports in the field. The invention adopts the following four bacteria preferentially: activating Aspergillus niger by using PDA culture medium at 31 deg.C; activating Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Phan-erochaete chrysosporium Burdsall) by using PDA culture medium at 30 deg.C; activating mucor circinelloides (Phycomycetes) by adopting a PDA culture medium at the activation temperature of 30 ℃; and activating Bacillus subtilis with beef extract peptone culture medium at 33 ℃.

All materials, reagents and equipment selected for use in the present invention are well known in the art, but do not limit the practice of the invention, and other reagents and equipment well known in the art may be suitable for use in the practice of the following embodiments of the invention.

The following examples further illustrate the present invention but are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications or substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.