阅读说明：本技术 籽粒作物排种检测装置 (Seed crop seed metering detection device ) 是由 夏俊芳 刘政源 张居敏 杜俊 胡梦杰 李栋 张文良 杨全军 于 2019-09-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种籽粒作物排种检测装置,解决了现有检测装置结构复杂、成本高、准确性和可靠性有待提高的问题。技术方案包括导种管,所述导种管由上导种管和下导种管组成,上、下导种管的端面间具有环形通光间隙,所述环形通光间隙处设置有LED可见光发射模组和光敏接收模组,所述LED可见光发射模组由多只沿所述环形通光间隙径向均匀布置的发光二极管组成；所述光敏接收模组由多只对应接收来自所述发光二极管发射光束的光敏二极管组成；所述LED可见光发射模组和光敏接收模组被封装在导种管和外壳之间；所述光敏接收模组中的多只光敏二极管串联后连接信号处理系统。本发明具有优异的抗尘性、可靠性、准确性、稳定性和灵敏度。(The invention discloses a seed-metering detection device for a seed crop, which solves the problems that the existing detection device has a complex structure and high cost, and the accuracy and reliability of the existing detection device need to be improved. The technical scheme includes that the device comprises a seed guide pipe, wherein the seed guide pipe comprises an upper seed guide pipe and a lower seed guide pipe, an annular light passing gap is formed between the end surfaces of the upper seed guide pipe and the lower seed guide pipe, an LED visible light emitting module and a photosensitive receiving module are arranged at the annular light passing gap, and the LED visible light emitting module comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes which are uniformly arranged along the radial direction of the annular light passing gap; the photosensitive receiving module is composed of a plurality of photosensitive diodes which correspondingly receive light beams emitted by the light emitting diodes; the LED visible light emitting module and the photosensitive receiving module are packaged between the seed guide pipe and the shell; and a plurality of photosensitive diodes in the photosensitive receiving module are connected in series and then connected with a signal processing system. The invention has excellent dust resistance, reliability, accuracy, stability and sensitivity.)

1. A seed crop seed arrangement detection device comprises a seed guide pipe and is characterized in that the seed guide pipe comprises an upper seed guide pipe and a lower seed guide pipe, an annular light passing gap is formed between the end surfaces of the upper seed guide pipe and the lower seed guide pipe, an LED visible light emitting module and a photosensitive receiving module are arranged at the annular light passing gap, the LED visible light emitting module comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes which are uniformly arranged along the radial direction of the annular light passing gap, and light beams of the plurality of light emitting diodes are intersected at the center of the section of the annular light passing gap; the photosensitive receiving module is composed of a plurality of photosensitive diodes which correspondingly receive light beams emitted by the light emitting diodes; the LED visible light emitting module and the photosensitive receiving module are packaged between the seed guide pipe and the shell; and a plurality of photosensitive diodes in the photosensitive receiving module are connected in series and then connected with a signal processing system.

2. A seed metering detection device as claimed in claim 1 wherein a transparent tube having a length at least covering the annular light-passing gap is sleeved inside the upper seed guide tube and the lower seed guide tube.

3. A seed metering detection device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the internal diameter of the transparent tube is less than or equal to the diameter of the largest circular light spot formed by the plurality of light emitting diodes of the LED visible light emitting module.

4. A seed crop metering detection device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the width of the annular light-transmitting gap is 0.1mm to 5 mm.

5. A seed metering detection device as claimed in claim 4 wherein the width of the annular light-transmitting gap is 0.8 mm.

6. A seed crop seed metering detection device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the number of light emitting diodes comprising the LED visible light emitting module is odd, the number of light sensitive diodes comprising the light sensitive receiving module is also correspondingly odd, and a plurality of light emitting diodes and light sensitive diodes are uniformly staggered in the radial direction along the annular light passing gap.

7. A seed metering detection device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the upper seed guide tube and the lower seed guide tube are respectively in detachable connection with the upper seed discharge tube and the lower seed discharge tube of the sowing machine.

8. A seed metering detection device for kernel crops as claimed in claim 7, wherein the upper seed guide tube is sleeved with an upper outward-dismantling spiral tube, the upper sections of the upper seed guide tube and the upper outward-dismantling spiral tube are in threaded fit, and the end part of the upper seed discharge tube of the sowing machine is clamped between the outer threads and the inner threads of the upper seed guide tube and the upper outward-dismantling spiral tube; the seeding machine is characterized in that a lower externally-detached spiral pipe is sleeved outside the lower seed guiding pipe, the lower seed guiding pipe is in threaded fit with the lower section of the lower externally-detached spiral pipe, and the end part of the lower seed guiding pipe of the seeding machine is clamped between the outer threads and the inner threads of the lower seed guiding pipe and the lower externally-detached spiral pipe.

9. A seed crop metering detection device as claimed in claim 1 wherein a transparent viewing window is provided on the housing.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a seed particle detection device for a precision seed planter.

Background

The mechanical precision seeding can reduce the labor intensity, improve the operation efficiency and increase the income of farmers, and is an important link for the development of intelligent agricultural machinery. The detection of the seed discharging quality, the detection of missed seeding, the detection of the seeding quantity and the generation of a seeding state diagram in the seeding process are trends of intelligent development of precision seeding, and the functions are realized by using a seed flow sensing device which can accurately collect the seed discharging information such as seed discharging frequency, seed discharging time interval, seed discharging total quantity and the like in real time as a support.

At present, the existing sensing devices for seed metering detection mainly comprise a capacitance type sensing device and a photoelectric type sensing device. The capacitive seed flow sensor is not suitable for large-scale popularization due to the complex structure and high cost. The photoelectric seed flow sensor has simple structure and low cost, and is suitable for the current agricultural development situation in China. The photoelectric sensor for seeding of large and medium-sized seed crops is generally characterized in that an infrared transmitting tube is mounted on one side of a seed guiding tube of a seeding apparatus, an infrared receiving tube is mounted on the other side of the seed guiding tube of the seeding apparatus, and the infrared receiving tube is directly connected with a comparison circuit. The seeds fall to shield the light beam, the infrared light intensity received by the infrared receiving tube changes, and then the output signal of the comparator changes. And obtaining the seeding state according to the output signal of the comparator.

The technical problems of the existing large and medium seed crop seed metering sensing device are as follows:

1. the pipe diameter of the seed metering pipe for large and medium-sized kernel crops is large, if detection without blind areas is achieved, a complex logic gate control circuit is needed for supporting, and the cost is too high.

2. The seeds pass through the optical path for a long time, so that the detection time resolution is low, two or more seeds which are relatively close to each other are difficult to distinguish, and the high-frequency and high-speed accurate detection of the large and medium-sized grain crops is difficult to realize.

3. Even number of pairs of diodes or triode elements are circumferentially arranged, so that the photoelectric detection area is uneven, and the stability of the sensing device is reduced.

4. The sensing device cannot be rapidly assembled and disassembled, and the infrared invisible light detection cannot monitor the state of the sensing device element, so that troubleshooting is not facilitated.

5. The sensing element can not be completely isolated from the field environment, is easily influenced by dust, and reduces the detection accuracy and sensitivity of the sensing device.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides the seed metering detection device for the grain crops, which has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, good reliability, easy disassembly, assembly and maintenance, difficult dust accumulation, long service life, high accuracy and high sensitivity.

The technical scheme includes that the device comprises a seed guide tube, wherein the seed guide tube comprises an upper seed guide tube and a lower seed guide tube, an annular light passing gap is formed between the end surfaces of the upper seed guide tube and the lower seed guide tube, an LED visible light emitting module and a photosensitive receiving module are arranged at the annular light passing gap, the LED visible light emitting module comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes which are uniformly arranged along the radial direction of the annular light passing gap, and light beams of the plurality of light emitting diodes are converged at the center of a section of the annular light passing gap; the photosensitive receiving module is composed of a plurality of photosensitive diodes which correspondingly receive light beams emitted by the light emitting diodes; the LED visible light emitting module and the photosensitive receiving module are packaged between the seed guide tube and the shell, and a plurality of photosensitive diodes in the photosensitive receiving module are connected in series and then connected with the signal processing system.

The upper seed guide pipe and the lower seed guide pipe are sleeved with transparent pipes with lengths at least covering the annular light transmission gaps.

The inner diameter of the transparent tube is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the largest circular light spot formed by a plurality of light emitting diodes of the LED visible light emitting module.

The width of the annular light-transmitting gap is 0.1-5 mm.

The width of the annular light-transmitting gap is 0.8 mm.

The number of the light emitting diodes forming the LED visible light emitting module is odd, the number of the photosensitive diodes forming the photosensitive receiving module is also odd, and the light emitting diodes and the photosensitive diodes are uniformly and alternately arranged along the radial direction of the annular light passing gap.

The LED visible light emitting module is connected with an external programmable control system, the photosensitive receiving module is connected with a signal processing system, and the signal processing system is connected with the external programmable control system.

And a plurality of light emitting diodes in the LED visible light emitting module are sequentially connected in parallel and then are externally connected with a programmable control system.

And a plurality of photosensitive diodes in the photosensitive receiving module are connected in series and then connected with a signal processing system.

The upper seed guide pipe and the lower seed guide pipe are respectively and correspondingly detachably connected with an upper seed discharge pipe and a lower seed discharge pipe of the sowing machine.

The upper seed guide pipe is sleeved with an upper outward-dismantling spiral pipe, the upper sections of the upper seed guide pipe and the upper outward-dismantling spiral pipe are in threaded fit, and the end part of an upper seed discharge pipe of the seeding machine is clamped between the outer threads and the inner threads of the upper seed guide pipe and the upper outward-dismantling spiral pipe; the seeding machine is characterized in that a lower externally-detached spiral pipe is sleeved outside the lower seed guiding pipe, the lower seed guiding pipe is in threaded fit with the lower section of the lower externally-detached spiral pipe, and the end part of the lower seed guiding pipe of the seeding machine is clamped between the outer threads and the inner threads of the lower seed guiding pipe and the lower externally-detached spiral pipe.

And a transparent observation window is arranged on the shell.

The upper end of the upper seed guiding pipe, the lower end of the lower seed guiding pipe and the inner walls of the two ends of the transparent pipe are all outward-expanding cones.

In view of the problems in the background art, the inventor makes the following improvements:

1. the LED visible light emitting modules and the corresponding photosensitive receiving modules which are arranged in an annular mode are adopted to form circular light spots for seed detection, and the light emitting diodes and the corresponding photosensitive diodes are extremely low in price, so that the production cost can be greatly reduced; on the other hand, the thickness of the light-emitting layer formed by the common light-emitting diode is large (the minimum thickness is 3mm), which results in a long time for the seeds to pass through the detection light area, and under the condition of high-frequency and high-speed seed metering of the seed metering device, when two or more seeds simultaneously enter the detection light area, if the particle size of the seeds is large and the distance between two adjacent seeds is small, the problem of false detection due to the indistinguishable seed size is caused, and the detection accuracy is affected. In this respect, the inventor creatively solves the above problem by providing an annular light-transmitting gap between the end surfaces of the upper and lower seed guiding tubes. The light beams of the light-emitting diodes are intersected at the center of the section of the annular light-passing gap, so that the thickness of the light surface of the detection light area can be flexibly controlled by controlling the size of the annular light-passing gap (the width of the end surface gap of the upper seed guide tube and the lower seed guide tube), preferably, the width of the annular light-passing gap is adjusted between 0.1mm and 5mm, the seed diameter size and the seed sowing speed of seeds to be detected can be flexibly controlled, the structure is simple, the application is wide, the light-emitting diode seed sowing device is suitable for detecting seeds with different particle diameters, and the problem that the accuracy of the light-emitting diode seed sowing detection applied to seed crops is poor is ingeniously.

2. Because the seed metering operation environment dust is big, easy wearing and tearing, in order to protect LED visible light emission module and photosensitive receiving module, at last seed guide and the interior cover of lower seed guide have the hyaline tube that length covered annular light clearance at least, the seed falls through the hyaline tube after getting into last seed guide, this hyaline tube neither influences the light beam and penetrates into the detection zone, can also effectively encapsulate LED visible light emission module and photosensitive receiving module with the shell together, prevent jointly that the dust that comes from inside and outside from invading, also avoid the seed to pile up the influence in annular light clearance department and detect, the extension equipment life, further improve stability and the accuracy that detects.

3. The plurality of light-emitting diodes are uniformly arranged along the radial direction of the annular light-transmitting gap, and the number of the single-color light-emitting diodes can be reasonably selected according to the pipe diameter, so that the formed maximum circular light spot can completely cover the pipe diameter section, and the non-blind area detection is achieved. Further, the applicant finds that when the number of the light emitting diodes is even, the adjacent condition of at least two light emitting diodes and the photosensitive diodes inevitably exists, so that the problems of uneven photoelectric detection area and reduced stability of the sensing device can be caused.

4. When the number of the light emitting diodes and the corresponding photosensitive diodes is correspondingly increased along with the increase of the pipe diameter, the logic gate control circuit is more and more complex, and the production cost is increased; the multiple photodiodes replace a complex logic gating circuit through a simple serial design, so that the reliability, accuracy, stability and sensitivity of the device are obviously improved. When any one photosensitive diode fails, the problem that grains cannot be detected can be directly caused by the serial connection, so that the problem can be quickly found without a complex overhauling process, and the omission detection is avoided. The signal processing system can be packaged in a shell and used for collecting and processing voltage signal disturbance generated by the change of the photosensitive quantity of the photosensitive receiving module, and the voltage signal disturbance comprises but is not limited to an amplifying circuit, a voltage comparator circuit, a monostable trigger circuit and the like.

5. The upper seed guide pipe and the lower seed guide pipe are respectively detachably connected with the upper seed guide pipe and the lower seed guide pipe of the seeding machine, and the device can be detached as required through the detachable connection, so that the maintenance and the overhaul are facilitated, and the service life of the equipment is prolonged.

Has the advantages that:

the detection device has the advantages of simple structure, low production cost, exquisite structure, small volume, simple and convenient installation, easy disassembly and maintenance, excellent dust resistance, reliability, accuracy, stability and sensitivity, and is suitable for the seed metering detection of small-particle seed crops and the seed metering detection of large and medium-size seed crops.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a detecting device according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an external view of the detecting device of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a distribution of LEDs and photodiodes and a projected view of the visible light emission and reception of the LEDs;

FIG. 4 is a control schematic of an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is an electrical schematic block diagram of a signal processing system of an embodiment of the present invention.

Wherein, 1-upper seed guiding tube, 2-lower seed guiding tube, 3-annular light-passing room, 4-light emitting diode, 5-photosensitive diode, 6-shell, 7-transparent tube, 8-diode fixing ring, 9-upper external dismantling spiral tube, 10-lower external dismantling spiral tube, 11-upper seed discharging tube, 12-lower seed discharging tube, 13-smooth surface, 14-transparent observation window, 15-seed discharging state indicator light and 16-power indicator light.

Detailed Description

The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings in which:

referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the seed guide tube is composed of an upper seed guide tube 1 and a lower seed guide tube 2, an annular light passing gap 3 is formed between the end surfaces of the upper and lower seed guide tubes 1 and 2, the width of the annular light passing gap 3 is 0.1 mm-5 mm, preferably 0.8mm, when the surface thickness is only 0.8mm, the time for the medium and large seed crop seeds to pass through the smooth surface 13 is small enough, the distance between the two seeds can be detected as long as the distance is more than 0.8mm, and the situation that the distance between the medium and large seed crop seeds is less than 0.8mm rarely occurs in the actual agricultural sowing process, so that the time resolution of seed detection is improved, and accurate detection of the medium and large seed crop seeds is facilitated;

the annular light-transmitting gap 3 is provided with an LED visible light emitting module and a photosensitive receiving module, and the LED visible light emitting module consists of a plurality of light emitting diodes 4 which are uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the annular light-transmitting gap 3; the photosensitive receiving module is composed of a plurality of photosensitive diodes 5 which correspondingly receive light beams emitted by the light emitting diodes 4; a transparent tube 7 with the length at least covering the annular light passing gap 3 is sleeved in the upper seed guide tube 1 and the lower seed guide tube 2, and light beams of a plurality of light emitting diodes 4 pass through the annular light passing gap 3 and are converged at the center of the section of the annular light passing gap 3 to form a smooth surface 13;

referring to fig. 3, preferably, the number of the monochromatic light emitting diodes 4 constituting the LED visible light emitting module is odd, the number of the photosensitive diodes 5 constituting the photosensitive receiving module is also odd, the plurality of light emitting diodes 4 and the photosensitive diodes 5 are uniformly and radially staggered along the annular light passing gap 3, a smooth surface 15 is formed to be uniform without a blind area, and the inner diameter of the transparent tube 7 is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the largest circular light spot formed by the plurality of monochromatic light emitting diodes of the LED visible light emitting module. For example, if the inner diameter of the transparent tube 6 is set to 26mm, and the size of the light emitting diodes 4 and 7 photodiodes 5 is 5mm, the light emitting diodes 4 and 7 photodiodes 5 are needed, and the diameter of the maximum circular light surface 15 obtained through geometric operation is 28.8mm, which is larger than the inner diameter of the transparent tube 6, so as to ensure that the light surface 13 can completely cover the inner diameter section of the transparent tube 6, and eliminate the blind area possibly generated by detection.

The LED visible light emitting module and the photosensitive receiving module are fixed on the diode fixing ring 8 and then are packaged between the seed guide tube and the shell 6, the shell 6 is provided with the transparent observation window 14, the light emitting state of the light emitting diode 4 in the shell 6 can be observed at any time, the damaged light emitting diode 4 can be found in time, the replacement is convenient, and a complex detection process is not needed; the upper seed guiding pipe 1 and the lower seed guiding pipe 2 are detachably connected with an upper seed discharging pipe 11 and a lower seed discharging pipe 12 of the sowing machine respectively, and a person skilled in the art can design various detachably connected structures as required. Preferably, an upper outward-dismantling spiral pipe 9 is sleeved outside the upper seed guiding pipe 1, the upper sections of the upper seed guiding pipe 1 and the upper outward-dismantling spiral pipe 9 are matched by adopting external threads and internal threads, and the end part of an upper seed discharging pipe 11 of the seeding machine is clamped between the external threads and the internal threads of the upper seed guiding pipe 1 and the upper outward-dismantling spiral pipe 9; the lower seed guiding pipe 2 is externally sleeved with a lower externally-detached spiral pipe 10, the lower sections of the lower seed guiding pipe 2 and the lower externally-detached spiral pipe 10 are matched with each other through external threads and internal threads, and the end part of a lower seed guiding pipe 12 of the seeding machine is clamped between the external threads and the internal threads of the lower seed guiding pipe 2 and the lower externally-detached spiral pipe 10. Referring to fig. 1, the upper end of the upper seed guiding tube 1, the lower end of the lower seed guiding tube 2 and the inner walls of the two ends of the transparent tube 7 are all outward-expanding cones.

Referring to fig. 4, the invention further comprises an external programmable control system and a signal processing system, wherein a plurality of light emitting diodes 4 in the LED visible light emitting module are sequentially connected in parallel to form the external programmable control system, a plurality of photosensitive diodes 5 in the photosensitive receiving module are connected in series to form the signal processing system, and the signal processing system is connected with the external programmable control system and is also respectively connected with a seed sowing status indicator lamp 15 and a power indicator lamp 16. Referring to fig. 5, the signal processing system comprises an amplifying circuit 200, a voltage comparator circuit 300 and a monostable trigger circuit 400 which are connected in sequence, wherein the amplifying circuit 200 is built by an LM358 chip and is used for amplifying an original signal 100 generated after a seed covers a part of a light path, and the adjusting range of the amplification factor is 1-10000 times, preferably 600-1000 times; the voltage comparator circuit 300 comprises an LM393 chip, a variable resistor, and the variable resistor is used to adjust the comparison voltage threshold of the voltage comparator circuit, and convert the output signal of the amplifying circuit into a regular square wave with a certain pulse width, and the pulse width changes with the change of the comparison voltage threshold; the monostable trigger circuit 500 comprises a 74HC123 chip, a variable capacitor and a variable resistor, wherein the variable capacitor and the variable resistor are used for adjusting delay time, the delay time is preferably 2ms, and the output signal of the voltage comparator circuit is integrated into a pulse sequence signal corresponding to a seed sequence. The seed pulse sequence 500 is formed, so that the single seed correspondingly outputs a single pulse, namely, the seed sequence pair pulse sequence is realized.

The common sizes of the light emitting diode 4 (which can be an LED lamp bead, can be not limited in color and brightness, and can be visible light) and the corresponding photodiode 5 are 3mm, 5mm, 10mm, and 20mm, and preferably 5mm in this embodiment.

The working principle is as follows:

the seeds enter the upper seed guiding tube 1 from the upper seed guiding tube 11 to fall down, and when the seeds pass through the annular light passing gap 3 between the upper seed guiding tube 1 and the lower seed guiding tube 2 and fall into the light surface 13 formed by the plurality of light emitting diodes 4, the light path emitted by at least one light emitting diode 4 is shielded, the corresponding photosensitive diode 5 for receiving the light beam emitted by the light emitting diode 4 emits an original signal 100 to a signal processing system, the original signal is collected and processed by the signal processing system to form a pulse sequence 500 to an external programmable control system, the pulse sequence is processed and analyzed by the external programmable control system (PLC or singlechip), and finally the digitization of the seed flow is measured. The seeds passing through the smooth surface 13 continuously fall through the seed discharging pipe 2, fall into the lower seed discharging pipe 12 and are discharged.