阅读说明：本技术 一种连续纤维增强金属基复合材料的制备方法 (Preparation method of continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite ) 是由 梁加淼 李晨光 谢跃煌 王俊 于 2019-09-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种连续纤维增强金属基复合材料的制备方法,涉及复合材料制备技术领域,所述方法包括以下步骤：将纤维布材料和金属材料冲成圆片并层叠相间放入烧结模具中；设置烧结参数后将所述烧结模具放入放电等离子烧结炉炉腔中；启动放电等离子烧结程序烧结材料。本发明基于放电等离子烧结原理,通过控制烧结参数,使金属熔化并加压充分浸渍到纤维层中,在不破坏纤维结构的同时,形成良好的界面结合,避免高温及长时间加压/温导致的液固界面反应,有效防止纤维结构损伤及性能下降。本发明提供的方法可以针对不同复合材料体系的烧结参数进行精准、高效的控制,保证复合材料良好的致密度和界面结合,获得性能优异的纤维增强金属基复合材料。(the invention discloses a preparation method of a continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite, relating to the technical field of composite preparation, and the method comprises the following steps: punching fiber cloth material and metal material into circular sheets, stacking the circular sheets alternately and placing the circular sheets into a sintering mold; after setting sintering parameters, placing the sintering mold into a furnace chamber of a discharge plasma sintering furnace; the spark plasma sintering process is initiated to sinter the material. The invention is based on the spark plasma sintering principle, and fully impregnates the metal into the fiber layer by controlling the sintering parameters, so as to form good interface combination without damaging the fiber structure, avoid the liquid-solid interface reaction caused by high temperature and long-time pressurization/temperature, and effectively prevent the fiber structure from being damaged and the performance from being reduced. The method provided by the invention can accurately and efficiently control the sintering parameters of different composite material systems, ensure good compactness and interface combination of the composite material and obtain the fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material with excellent performance.)

1. A method of preparing a continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite, the method comprising the steps of:

firstly, respectively punching a fiber cloth material and a metal material into round pieces with the same diameter by using a punch, and putting the round pieces into a sintering die with the inner diameter consistent with the diameter of the round pieces in a laminated and alternate mode;

setting sintering parameters of a spark plasma sintering program according to the types of the fiber cloth material and the metal material, wherein the sintering parameters comprise a heating rate, a sintering temperature, a sintering pressure and a heat preservation and pressure maintaining time;

Step three, after the sintering mold with the wafer placed in the step one is placed in a furnace chamber of a discharge plasma sintering furnace, starting a discharge plasma sintering program to enable a vacuum pump to work and vacuumize;

Step four, finishing the spark plasma sintering process according to the set sintering parameters;

And step five, after the sintering process is finished, cooling along with the furnace, and taking out the sintered material.

2. the method of claim 1, wherein the fiber cloth material comprises unidirectional carbon fibers, bidirectional carbon fibers, unidirectional silicon carbide fibers, and bidirectional silicon carbide fibers.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal material comprises pure metals and alloys.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the metallic material is in a state comprising a metallic foil and a metallic powder, and wherein, when the metallic material is in a state comprising the metallic powder, the stacking in the first step is performed in a manner that the metallic powder is spread to a uniform thickness between the punched disks of each layer of the fiber cloth material.

5. the method of claim 1, wherein said disc of said first step is placed in a mold, and wherein said disc of said metal material is placed at both top and bottom ends, and wherein the fiber direction of said disc of said fiber cloth material is maintained uniform during placement.

6. the method of claim 1, wherein the sintering mold has an inner diameter of 10-170 mm.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the sintering die is selected from the group consisting of graphite die, hot-work die steel, and cemented carbide die.

8. the method of claim 1, wherein the sintering parameters are set in the range of: the heating rate is 50-200 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 200-2000 ℃, the sintering pressure is 1-50 MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 1-30 min.

9. the method of claim 1, wherein the vacuum in step three is optionally replaced by an inert gas atmosphere.

10. A continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite prepared using a method of preparing a continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of composite material preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material.

Background

Carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber and the like have high strength, high elastic modulus, excellent high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance and the like. Because of its good combination of properties, it is widely used to reinforce polymers, metal matrix and ceramic matrix composites. Taking silicon carbide fiber reinforced metal matrix composite as an example, the tensile strength of silicon carbide fiber of various specifications is more than 3GPa, and the Young modulus is more than 300GPa, which far exceeds the strength and modulus of metal materials made of any materials. According to the mixing rule of composite material reinforcement, silicon carbide fibers are added into a metal matrix in a certain proportion, so that the weight of the composite material can be reduced while the strength and the modulus of the composite material are improved, and therefore, the fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material is an important method for preparing the light high-strength metal matrix composite material. Fibers are generally classified into short fibers, long fibers and continuous fibers. The reinforcing effect of the short fibers and the long fibers on the metal matrix is usually embodied in stress bearing, while the reinforcing effect of the continuous fibers on the metal matrix is in addition to the stress bearing, and the continuous fibers penetrating through the whole sample can be directly stressed to play a further reinforcing effect, so that people pay attention to the reinforcing effect.

the preparation method of the continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material is mainly divided into two main categories, namely a liquid phase method and a solid phase method. The liquid phase method is mainly to impregnate molten metal liquid into gaps of fibers by applying pressure under the protection of inert atmosphere, so as to form good interface bonding. Liquid phase processes generally include liquid infiltration processes and pressure casting processes. The main disadvantages are: (1) large scale equipment is required for the preparation of molten metal liquid and the impregnation of fibers; (2) due to the high temperature and long time required for impregnation, the fiber/metal interface reaction is difficult to control, and the fiber performance is easy to reduce or even fail. The solid-state method is a method of directly compounding fibers with metal without melting, and generally includes a foil-fiber-foil method, a fiber coating method, a plasma spraying method, and the like. The main disadvantages of the solid phase method are: (1) the fiber distribution is difficult to be uniform; (2) the interface bonding is not good and cracks are easily generated.

Research reports show that the strength of the interface bonding is a key factor influencing the performance of the continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite. Therefore, how to ensure good interface bonding and prevent the damage caused by excessive reaction of the fiber and the metal matrix as much as possible is the key for preparing the fiber reinforced metal matrix composite. The research on the interface combination of the composite material can be started from the aspects of surface modification, interface reaction, interface strength and the like of the fiber, and the problem of interface weakness or interface over reaction is solved. The conventional methods for surface treatment of fibers have more or less some disadvantages, and the more concentrated disadvantages are that the modification degree is difficult to control, only stays in a laboratory stage and is not suitable for continuous production, and the increased equipment cost and energy consumption cost of introducing a new process flow. Thus, surface modification of the fibers is not preferred in the actual production process. Therefore, the control of the interface reaction and the interface strength becomes the key point and difficulty in preparing the continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite. The liquid phase method commonly used nowadays easily causes violent reaction of the interface so as to greatly reduce the strength of the fiber and the fiber/metal matrix interface, while the solid phase method generally causes the interface strength to be incapable of meeting the requirement due to too weak interface reaction, so that the overall strength of the composite material is poor. Therefore, the preparation method capable of effectively controlling the interface reaction and the interface bonding strength is an effective way for solving the problem.

Therefore, the technical personnel in the field strive to develop a novel, simple, accurate and efficient preparation process of a continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite, the metal matrix is partially melted and has fluidity by regulating and controlling the sintering temperature by utilizing the spark plasma sintering principle, then the metal matrix with fluidity is fully impregnated into the fiber layer by proper sintering pressure and is not extruded out of a mold to run off, finally the metal matrix is fully impregnated into the fiber layer by controlling the heat and pressure maintaining time, a good interface combination is formed, the structure of the fiber is not seriously damaged, and the fiber reinforced metal matrix composite with excellent performance is obtained by comprehensively controlling the sintering temperature, the sintering pressure and the heat and pressure maintaining time.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to provide a novel preparation process for a continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite, which can simply, precisely and efficiently control the preparation process, so that a metal layer and a fiber layer can be fully impregnated to form a good interface combination, and simultaneously, the structure of the fiber is not damaged, so as to obtain a continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite with excellent performance, and overcome the defects in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for preparing a continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite, the method comprising the steps of:

firstly, respectively punching a fiber cloth material and a metal material into round pieces with the same diameter by using a punch, and putting the round pieces into a sintering die with the inner diameter consistent with the diameter of the round pieces in a laminated and alternate mode;

setting sintering parameters of a spark plasma sintering program according to the types of the fiber cloth material and the metal material, wherein the sintering parameters comprise a heating rate, a sintering temperature, a sintering pressure and a heat preservation and pressure maintaining time;

step three, after the sintering mold with the wafer placed in the step one is placed in a furnace chamber of a discharge plasma sintering furnace, starting a discharge plasma sintering program to enable a vacuum pump to work and vacuumize;

Step four, finishing the spark plasma sintering process according to the set sintering parameters;

And step five, after the sintering process is finished, cooling along with the furnace, and taking out the sintered material.

Further, the fiber cloth material comprises unidirectional carbon fibers, bidirectional carbon fibers, unidirectional silicon carbide fibers and bidirectional silicon carbide fibers.

further, the metal material includes pure metals and alloys.

Further, the state of the metal material comprises a metal foil and metal powder, wherein when the metal material is in the state of the metal powder, the metal powder with uniform thickness is laid between the circular sheets punched by each layer of the fiber cloth material in the first step in a manner of stacking layers at intervals.

further, when the disc in the step one is placed in a mold, the disc punched by the metal material is placed at both the top end and the bottom end, and the fiber direction of the disc punched by the fiber cloth material is kept consistent during placement.

furthermore, the inner diameter of the sintering mold ranges from 10 mm to 170 mm.

Further, the material types of the sintering mold comprise a graphite mold, hot work mold steel and a hard alloy mold.

Further, the setting range of the sintering parameters is as follows: the heating rate is 50-200 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 200-2000 ℃, the sintering pressure is 1-50 MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 1-30 min.

further, the vacuum in the third step can be replaced by an inert gas atmosphere.

the invention also provides a continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite prepared by using the preparation method of the continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite.

Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial technical effects:

(1) The sintering equipment is simple, and can be completed only by one Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) furnace and a matched mould;

(2) By utilizing a spark plasma sintering mode, the metal/fiber interface can be activated and generate local high temperature, the metal at the interface can be preferentially melted by the local high temperature at the interface, so that the gaps of the fibers are filled, and meanwhile, the interface is reacted with the fibers to form interface combination, so that the sintering temperature is lower, and the sintering speed is higher;

(3) The method has the advantages of rapidness, low temperature, high efficiency and the like, can ensure that the metal matrix fully impregnates the fibers under the condition of ensuring the sintering temperature and the sintering pressure, can control the interface reaction of the fibers and the metal at a very high heating rate and in a short heat preservation time, and ensures that the fibers are not damaged and simultaneously form good interface bonding strength;

(4) The method can realize accurate control of sintering parameters and is convenient for determining the optimal preparation conditions of different material systems through orthogonal experiments.

The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a cross section of a carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared by a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is perpendicular to a fiber direction;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an apparatus for producing a continuous carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composite according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the stacked arrangement of samples for preparing a continuous carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composite according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical contents of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be more clearly and easily understood by referring to the drawings attached to the specification. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.