阅读说明：本技术 一种电动车辆的二档减速器 (Two-gear speed reducer of electric vehicle ) 是由 丁海浩 杨斌 汪斌 于 2019-09-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于车辆技术领域,涉及一种电动车辆的二档减速器,其解决了现有电动车辆减速器传动比范围较窄等问题。本减速器包括壳体、一挡齿轮副、二挡齿轮副和换挡机构,壳体上转动设置有输入轴、中间轴和输出轴,输入轴和中间轴之间设置有能够使两者同步转动的传动机构,一挡齿轮副包括相啮合的一挡输入齿轮和一挡输出齿轮,一挡输入齿轮与中间轴相连接,一挡输出齿轮空套于输出轴上；二挡齿轮副包括相啮合的二挡输入齿轮和二挡输出齿轮,二挡输入齿轮与中间轴相连接,二挡输出齿轮空套于输出轴上；换挡机构可移动地设置于一挡输出齿轮与二挡输出齿轮之间,能够择一将一挡输出齿轮、二挡输出齿轮的扭转传递至输出轴。本发明可增大减速器传动比范围。(The invention belongs to the technical field of vehicles, and relates to a two-gear speed reducer of an electric vehicle, which solves the problems that the transmission ratio range of the traditional speed reducer of the electric vehicle is narrow and the like. The speed reducer comprises a shell, a first-gear pair, a second-gear pair and a gear shifting mechanism, wherein an input shaft, an intermediate shaft and an output shaft are rotatably arranged on the shell, a transmission mechanism capable of enabling the input shaft and the intermediate shaft to synchronously rotate is arranged between the input shaft and the intermediate shaft, the first-gear pair comprises a first-gear input gear and a first-gear output gear which are meshed with each other, the first-gear input gear is connected with the intermediate shaft, and the first-gear output gear is sleeved on the output shaft in a hollow manner; the second gear pair comprises a second input gear and a second output gear which are meshed with each other, the second input gear is connected with the intermediate shaft, and the second output gear is sleeved on the output shaft in a hollow manner; the gear shifting mechanism is movably arranged between the first gear output gear and the second gear output gear, and can select one gear to transmit the torsion of the first gear output gear and the second gear output gear to the output shaft. The invention can enlarge the transmission ratio range of the speed reducer.)

1. A two-gear speed reducer of an electric vehicle, the speed reducer comprises a shell (1), an input shaft (2), an intermediate shaft (3) and an output shaft (4) are arranged on the shell (1) in a rotating mode, a transmission mechanism capable of enabling the input shaft (2) and the intermediate shaft (3) to rotate synchronously is arranged between the input shaft (2) and the intermediate shaft (3), and the speed reducer is characterized by further comprising:

the first-gear pair comprises a first-gear input gear (5) and a first-gear output gear (6) which are meshed with each other, the first-gear input gear (5) is connected with the intermediate shaft (3), and the first-gear output gear (6) is sleeved on the output shaft (4) in a hollow mode;

the two-gear pair comprises a two-gear input gear (7) and a two-gear output gear (8) which are meshed with each other, the two-gear input gear (7) is connected with the intermediate shaft (3), and the two-gear output gear (8) is sleeved on the output shaft (4) in a hollow manner;

the gear shifting mechanism (9) is movably arranged between the first-gear output gear (6) and the second-gear output gear (8), and can transmit the torsion of the first-gear output gear (6) and the second-gear output gear (8) to the output shaft (4) by moving one gear.

2. The second speed reducer of electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and second output gears (6, 8) have annular first and second external splines (10, 11), respectively; the gear shifting mechanism (9) comprises a spline hub (13), a synchronizing ring (12) and a gear shifting fork (14), the spline hub (13) is sleeved on the output shaft (4), the synchronizing ring (12) is sleeved on the spline hub (13), an inner circular surface of the synchronizing ring (12) is provided with an inner spline matched with the spline hub (13), and the gear shifting fork (14) is sleeved on the synchronizing ring (12) and can drive the synchronizing ring (12) to be meshed with a first gear outer spline (10) and a second gear outer spline (11) through movement.

3. The second speed reducer of electric vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that said shifting mechanism (9) further comprises a fork shaft (15) parallel to said output shaft (4), said fork shaft (15) being fixed to the housing (1); the gear shifting fork (14) is provided with a first through hole in sliding fit with the fork shaft (15), the gear shifting fork is further provided with a connecting ring (16), and the outer circular surface of the synchronizing ring (12) is provided with a groove (17) matched with the connecting ring (16).

4. The two-speed reducer of electric vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that the shift mechanism (9) further comprises a shift shaft (18) and a shift finger (19), the shift shaft (18) is parallel to the fork shaft (15) and can move axially along itself, the shift finger (19) is fixed on the shift shaft (18), the shift fork (14) is connected with the shift finger (19), and the shift mechanism (9) further comprises a driving source capable of driving the shift shaft (18) to move.

5. The second gear reducer of electric vehicles according to claim 4, wherein the shift fork (14) is provided with a slot (20), and one end of the shift finger (19) is inserted into the slot (20).

6. The second speed reducer of electric vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the side wall of the shift shaft (18) is opened with a tooth slot (26) along its own axial direction, the driving source comprises a motor (29), and the output end of the motor (29) is provided with a shift gear (27) engaged with the tooth slot (26) on the shift shaft (18).

7. The second speed reducer of electric vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that the output of the electric machine is further provided with an angle sensor (28).

8. The two-speed reducer of electric vehicles according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the transmission mechanism comprises a driving gear (21) and a driven gear (22) which are meshed with each other, the driving gear (21) is sleeved on the input shaft (2), and the driven gear (22) is sleeved on the intermediate shaft (3).

9. The second-gear reducer of electric vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that the inner end of the input shaft (2) is provided with an inner hole (23), a first bearing (24) is arranged in the inner hole (23), the output shaft (4) and the input shaft (2) are coaxially arranged, and the inner end of the output shaft (4) is inserted into the inner hole (23) and is matched with the first bearing (24).

10. The second speed reducer of electric vehicles according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, characterized in that the first and second output gears (6, 8) are both sleeved on the output shaft (4) through a second bearing (25).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of vehicles, and relates to a two-gear speed reducer of an electric vehicle.

Background

The existing power driving system for the electric automobile comprises: the driving motor, the motor controller and the speed reducer are respectively relatively independent parts, the motor controller is connected with the driving motor through a three-phase cable, and the driving motor is assembled with the speed reducer to form a power driving system.

The integrated power driving system for the electric automobile comprises a driving motor, a motor controller and a speed reducer, wherein the driving motor comprises a base, a stator and a rotor, the stator is arranged in the base, the rotor is arranged in a stator cavity, the speed reducer comprises a speed reducer front box body, a speed reducer rear box body, a first-stage driving gear, a first-stage driven gear, a second-stage driving gear shaft, a second-stage driven gear and a differential mechanism, and the first-stage driving gear, the first-stage driven gear, the second-stage driving gear shaft, the second-stage driven gear and the differential mechanism are.

However, the speed reducer is a two-stage fixed speed reducer, the transmission ratio range is narrow, the power output is realized by simply depending on the speed reduction and torque increase of the motor, the speed ratio is single, and the requirements on the dynamic property and the economical efficiency of the electric automobile cannot be met.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a two-gear speed reducer of an electric vehicle aiming at the problems in the prior art, and the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: how to expand the transmission ratio range of the electric vehicle speed reducer.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides an electric vehicle's second gear reduction gear, the reduction gear includes the casing, it is provided with input shaft, jackshaft and output shaft to rotate on the casing, be provided with between input shaft and the jackshaft and make both synchronous pivoted drive mechanism, its characterized in that, the reduction gear still includes:

the first-gear pair comprises a first-gear input gear and a first-gear output gear which are meshed with each other, the first-gear input gear is connected with the intermediate shaft, and the first-gear output gear is sleeved on the output shaft in a free manner;

the second gear pair comprises a second input gear and a second output gear which are meshed with each other, the second input gear is connected with the intermediate shaft, and the second output gear is sleeved on the output shaft in a hollow manner;

and the gear shifting mechanism is movably arranged between the first-gear output gear and the second-gear output gear and can transmit the torsion of the first-gear output gear and the second-gear output gear to the output shaft by moving one of the first-gear output gear and the second-gear output gear.

The working principle is as follows: when the gear shifting mechanism is used, the end part of the input shaft can be connected with a motor, the end part of the output shaft is connected with a wheel assembly, the motor rotates to drive the input shaft to rotate, the intermediate shaft is driven to rotate through the transmission mechanism, the first-gear input gear connected with the intermediate shaft is further driven to be connected with the second-gear input gear, the first-gear output gear and the second-gear output gear which correspond to the first-gear input gear are synchronously rotated, and the first-gear input gear and the second-gear output gear are sleeved on the output shaft in a free mode, so that when the gear shifting mechanism is not engaged to a corresponding gear, the gear; when the gear shifting mechanism is matched with one of the gear shifting mechanisms, the torque of the first gear output gear or the second gear output gear is transmitted to the output shaft, and then the output shaft rotates to transmit the torque to the wheel assembly. Compared with the prior art, the application effectively increases the drive ratio scope of reduction gear through shifting gears, need not to rely on the speed reduction of motor alone to increase the turn round and realize, and the velocity ratio is single, and dynamic property and economic nature are all preferred.

In the above-mentioned second speed reducer for an electric vehicle, the first-gear output gear and the second-gear output gear are respectively provided with an annular first-gear external spline and an annular second-gear external spline; the gear shifting mechanism comprises a spline hub, a synchronizing ring and a gear shifting fork, the spline hub is sleeved on the output shaft, the synchronizing ring is sleeved on the spline hub, an inner spline matched with the spline hub is arranged on the inner circular surface of the synchronizing ring, and the gear shifting fork is sleeved on the synchronizing ring and can drive the synchronizing ring to be meshed with the first gear outer spline and the second gear outer spline through movement. When the gear is shifted, the gear shifting fork is shifted to drive the synchronous ring to move so as to be meshed with the first-gear external spline or the second-gear external spline; when the two gears need to be switched, only the shifting fork needs to be moved to enable the synchronous ring to be meshed with the outer spline of the two gears.

In the above-mentioned second speed reducer for an electric vehicle, the shift mechanism further includes a shift fork shaft parallel to the output shaft, and the shift fork shaft is fixed to the housing; the gear shifting fork is provided with a first through hole in sliding fit with the fork shaft, the gear shifting fork is further provided with a connecting ring, and the outer circular surface of the synchronizing ring is provided with a groove matched with the connecting ring. During gear shifting, the gear shifting fork can be driven to move along the shifting fork shaft, so that the synchronizing ring is driven to move through the matching of the connecting ring and the concave grass groove, and the first-gear external spline or the second-gear external spline is meshed.

In the above-mentioned two-gear speed reducer for electric vehicles, the shift mechanism further comprises a shift shaft and a shift finger, the shift shaft is parallel to the shift fork shaft and can move along the self axial direction, the shift finger sleeve is arranged on the shift shaft, the shift fork is connected with the shift lever, and the shift mechanism further comprises a driving source capable of driving the shift shaft to move along the self axial direction. The driving source drives the gear shifting shaft to move, so that the gear shifting finger and the gear shifting fork are driven to move, and the synchronizing ring is driven to move to realize gear shifting.

In the above-mentioned second gear speed reducer of electric vehicle, a clamping groove is opened on the shift fork, and one end of the shift lever is inserted into the clamping groove.

In the above-mentioned second gear speed reducer for electric vehicles, tooth grooves are formed in the side wall of the shift shaft along the axial direction of the side wall, the driving source includes a motor, and a shift gear engaged with the tooth grooves in the shift shaft is arranged at the output end of the motor. The motor rotates, can drive the gear of shifting and rotate to drive the gear shift axle along self axial displacement, thereby drive the finger of shifting, shift the driving lever and remove, realize shifting through the synchronizer ring finally.

In the above two-gear speed reducer for an electric vehicle, an angle sensor is further provided at an output end of the motor.

In the above two-gear speed reducer for an electric vehicle, the transmission mechanism includes a driving gear and a driven gear that are engaged with each other, the driving gear is sleeved on the input shaft, and the driven gear is sleeved on the intermediate shaft. The motor drives the input shaft to rotate, so that the driving gear is driven to rotate, and then the driven gear drives the intermediate shaft to rotate, so that torque is transmitted.

In the second-gear speed reducer of the electric vehicle, an inner hole is formed in the inner end of the input shaft, a first bearing is arranged in the inner hole, the output shaft and the input shaft are coaxially arranged, and the inner end of the output shaft is inserted into the inner hole and matched with the first bearing. As designed above, the torque of the input shaft can not be transmitted to the output shaft, and the integral structure of the speed reducer is more compact.

In the above-mentioned second speed reducer for an electric vehicle, the first-gear output gear and the second-gear output gear are both sleeved on the output shaft through a bearing. The first gear output gear and the second gear output gear are matched with the output shaft through the second bearing, when the first gear output gear and the second gear output gear rotate, torque is not directly transmitted to the output shaft, and the torque is transmitted to the gear shifting mechanism to be selectively switched.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

this application effectively increases the drive ratio scope of reduction gear through shifting gears, need not to rely on the speed reduction of motor alone to increase the turn round and realize, and the velocity ratio is single, and dynamic nature and economic nature are all preferred.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of the present second speed reducer.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present second speed reducer.

Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the present shift mechanism.

Fig. 4 is a partial structural schematic view of the present shift mechanism.

In the figure, 1, a housing; 2. an input shaft; 3. an intermediate shaft; 4. an output shaft; 5. a first gear input gear; 6. a first gear output gear; 7. a second gear input gear; 8. a second gear output gear; 9. a gear shift mechanism; 10. a first-catch external spline; 11. two-gear external spline; 12. a synchronizer ring; 13. a splined hub; 14. a gear shifting fork; 15. a fork shaft; 16. a connecting ring; 17. a groove; 18. a shift shaft; 19. a shift finger; 20. a card slot; 21. a driving gear; 22. a driven gear; 23. an inner bore; 24. a first bearing; 25. a second bearing; 26. a tooth socket; 27. a shift gear; 28. an angle sensor; 29. an electric motor.

Detailed Description

The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1, the speed reducer comprises a shell 1, an input shaft 2, an intermediate shaft 3 and an output shaft 4 are rotatably arranged on the shell 1, a transmission mechanism capable of enabling the input shaft 2 and the intermediate shaft 3 to synchronously rotate is arranged between the input shaft 2 and the intermediate shaft 3, the speed reducer further comprises a first gear pair, a second gear pair and a gear shifting mechanism 9, wherein the first gear pair comprises a first gear input gear 5 and a first gear output gear 6 which are meshed with each other, the first gear input gear 5 is connected with the intermediate shaft 3, and the first gear output gear 6 is freely sleeved on the output shaft 4; the second gear pair comprises a second input gear 7 and a second output gear 8 which are meshed with each other, the second input gear 7 is connected with the intermediate shaft 3, and the second output gear 8 is sleeved on the output shaft 4 in a hollow manner; the shift mechanism 9 is movably disposed between the first-gear output gear 6 and the second-gear output gear 8, and can transmit the torsion of the first-gear output gear 6 and the second-gear output gear 8 to the output shaft 4 by moving one of the first gear and the second-gear output gear.

Preferably, in the present embodiment, the transmission mechanism includes a driving gear 21 and a driven gear 22 engaged with each other, the driving gear 21 is sleeved on the input shaft 2, and the driven gear 22 is sleeved on the intermediate shaft 3. An inner hole 23 is formed in the inner end of the input shaft 2, a first bearing 24 is arranged in the inner hole 23, the output shaft 4 and the input shaft 2 are coaxially arranged, and the inner end of the output shaft 4 is inserted in the inner hole 23 and matched with the first bearing 24. The first gear output gear 6 and the second gear output gear 8 are sleeved on the output shaft 4 through a second bearing 25.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the first-gear output gear 6 and the second-gear output gear 8 have annular first-gear external splines 10 and second-gear external splines 11, respectively; the gear shifting mechanism 9 comprises a spline hub 13, a synchronizing ring 12 and a gear shifting fork 14, the spline hub 13 is sleeved on the output shaft 4, the synchronizing ring 12 is sleeved on the spline hub 13, an inner circular surface of the synchronizing ring 12 is provided with an inner spline matched with the spline hub 13, and the gear shifting fork 14 is sleeved on the synchronizing ring 12 and can drive the synchronizing ring 12 to be meshed with a first gear outer spline 10 and a second gear outer spline 11 through movement.

Preferably, the shift mechanism 9 further comprises a shift fork shaft 15 parallel to the output shaft 4, and the shift fork shaft 15 is fixed on the housing 1; a first through hole in sliding fit with the shifting fork shaft 15 is formed in the shifting fork, a connecting ring 16 is further arranged on the shifting fork, and a groove 17 matched with the connecting ring 16 is formed in the outer circular surface of the synchronizing ring 12.

In order to realize external operation gear shifting, the gear shifting mechanism 9 further comprises a gear shifting shaft 18 and a gear shifting finger 19, the gear shifting shaft 18 is parallel to the shifting fork shaft 15 and can move along the axial direction of the gear shifting shaft, the gear shifting finger 19 is fixed on the gear shifting shaft 18, the gear shifting fork 14 is connected with the gear shifting finger 19, and the gear shifting mechanism 9 further comprises a driving source capable of driving the gear shifting shaft 18 to move. Preferably, in the present embodiment, a tooth groove 26 is formed in a side wall of the shift shaft 18 along its own axial direction, the driving source includes a motor 29, and the output end of the motor 29 is provided with a shift gear 27 engaged with the tooth groove 26 on the shift shaft 18. The output of the motor 29 is also provided with an angle sensor 28. A clamping groove 20 is formed in the gear shifting fork 14, and one end of the gear shifting rod 19 is inserted into the clamping groove 20.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: when the gear shifting mechanism is used, the end part of the input shaft 2 can be connected with a motor, the end part of the output shaft 4 is connected with a wheel assembly, the motor rotates to drive the input shaft 2 to rotate, the intermediate shaft 3 is driven to rotate through the transmission mechanism, the first gear input gear 5 connected with the intermediate shaft 3 is further driven to be connected with the second gear input gear 7, the first gear output gear 6 and the second gear output gear 8 corresponding to the first gear input gear are synchronously rotated, and the first gear input gear and the second gear output gear are sleeved on the output shaft 4 in a free running state when the gear shifting mechanism is not connected to a corresponding gear, and the output shaft 4 cannot rotate; when the gear shift mechanism is engaged with one of the first gear output gear 6 and the second gear output gear 8, the torque of the first gear output gear 6 or the second gear output gear 8 is transmitted to the output shaft 4, and the output shaft 4 rotates to transmit the torque to the wheel assembly.

The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.