阅读说明：本技术 马达的多档变速器 (The multi-speed transmission of motor ) 是由 金福成 金都奂 朴炯培 金埈绪 石应植 田荣植 金裕均 黄载淏 朴亨根 徐东煜 于 2018-05-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及马达用三档以上的多档变速器,更详细地说,因没有复杂的液压装置等而结构简单且变速时没有能源消耗和变速冲击,能够按所需的变速档位和变速比进行自由设计和制作的马达用变速器。本发明的变速器包括：输入轴,通过马达的驱动力而旋转,外周面上具有多个棘爪(pawl)；控制器,控制多个所述棘爪的伸出和缩回；多个主动齿轮,所述输入轴贯通其中心,在内周面上形成与所述棘爪啮合的棘轮(ratchet),具有不同的齿轮齿数；多个从动齿轮,与所述主动齿轮外接而啮合,具有不同的齿轮齿数；以及输出部,输出通过所述主动齿轮和从动齿轮变速的旋转力。(The present invention relates to multi-speed transmissions more than motor third gear, in more detail, there is no energy consumption and gear shift shock when structure is simple due tos not complicated hydraulic device etc. and speed change, the motor speed changer of free design and production can be carried out by required transmission range and gear ratio.Speed changer of the invention includes: input shaft, is rotated by the driving force of motor, has multiple ratchets (pawl) on outer peripheral surface；Controller controls extending and retracting for multiple pawls；Multiple driving gears, the input shaft penetrate through its center, and the ratchet (ratchet) engaged with the pawl is formed on inner peripheral surface, have different number of gear teeth；Multiple driven gears, it is external with the driving gear and engage, there is different number of gear teeth；And output section, the rotary force that output passes through the driving gear and driven gear speed change.)

1. a kind of motor speed changer characterized by comprising

Input shaft is rotated by the driving force of motor, has multiple ratchets (pawl) on outer peripheral surface；

Controller controls extending and retracting for multiple pawls；

Multiple driving gears, the input shaft penetrate through its center, and the ratchet engaged with the pawl is formed on inner peripheral surface (ratchet), there is different number of gear teeth；

Multiple driven gears, it is external with the driving gear and engage, there is different number of gear teeth；And

Output section, the rotary force that output passes through the driving gear and driven gear speed change.

2. motor speed changer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that

The controller includes:

Multiple gear levers, in conjunction with the pawl, the other end, which has, to be extended and retracted from the outer peripheral surface of the input shaft for one end Protruding portion；

Elastomeric element is supported in the lower elastic of the pawl or protruding portion；

Inner ring, the input shaft penetrate through its center, move back and forth along the axis direction of the input shaft and make the protruding portion It is extended and retracted in the outer peripheral surface of the input shaft；And

Moving portion, so that the inner ring is moved along the axis direction of the input shaft.

3. motor speed changer according to claim 2, which is characterized in that

The moving portion be surround the inner ring outside and by rotation so that the inner ring along the input shaft axis direction Mobile outer ring.

4. motor speed changer according to claim 3, which is characterized in that

Protrusion forms guide pin in one of them in the inner ring and outer rings, in another in the inner ring and outer rings The guide hole for guiding the guide pin is formed to the oblique line directions of circumferencial direction.

5. motor speed changer according to claim 2, which is characterized in that

Annular groove is formed to circumferencial direction on the inner peripheral surface of the inner ring, so that the protruding portion is prominent and hides.

6. motor speed changer according to claim 5, which is characterized in that

The prominent spherical protuberances for forming rotation on the protruding portion, the section of the annular groove are the semicircle and described spherical protuberances energy Enough hide.

7. motor speed changer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that

Multiple driven gears are rotated with identical speed.

8. motor speed changer according to claim 7, which is characterized in that

The output section in the driving gear it is one of in conjunction with and rotary force after receiving speed change and output it.

9. motor speed changer according to claim 7, which is characterized in that

The output section is from the rotary force after one of reception speed change in the driven gear and outputs it.

10. motor speed changer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that

Mounting protrusion is formed in one end of the input shaft,

It and further include gear shift sleeve, the input shaft penetrates through its center, and inner peripheral surface forms mounting slot and can make the extension It connects protrusion to tangle, is entered the driving force of the motor.

11. motor speed changer according to claim 10, which is characterized in that

Further include: spring, one end are connected to the gear shift sleeve, and the other end is connected to the input shaft.

12. motor speed changer according to claim 10, which is characterized in that

The width of the mounting slot is greater than the width of the mounting protrusion, so that the mounting protrusion can be in the mounting slot Inside is mobile.

13. a kind of motor speed changer characterized by comprising

Input shaft is rotated by the driving force of motor；

Multiple driving gears, center have the input shaft, have different number of gear teeth；

Multiple driven gears, it is external with the driving gear and engage, there is different number of gear teeth；

Output shaft is parallel to the input shaft, becomes the central axis of multiple driven gears, and output passes through the driving gear The rotary force of speed change is realized with driven gear；

Multiple ratchets (pawl), are set to the input shaft or output shaft and extend and retract from outer peripheral surface；And

Controller controls extending and retracting for multiple pawls.

14. motor speed changer according to claim 13, which is characterized in that

The controller includes:

Multiple gear levers, in conjunction with the pawl, the other end, which has from the outer peripheral surface of the input shaft or output shaft, to be stretched out for one end With the protruding portion of retraction；

Elastomeric element is supported in the lower elastic of the pawl or protruding portion；

Inner ring, the input shaft or output shaft penetrate through its center, move back and forth along the axis direction of the input shaft or output shaft And the protruding portion is extended and retracted in the outer peripheral surface of the input shaft or output shaft；And

Moving portion, so that the inner ring is moved along the axis direction of the input shaft or output shaft.

15. motor speed changer according to claim 14, which is characterized in that

The moving portion is to surround the outside of the inner ring and by rotation so that the inner ring is along the input shaft or output shaft The mobile outer ring of axis direction.

16. motor speed changer according to claim 15, which is characterized in that

Protrusion forms guide pin in one of them in the inner ring and outer rings, in another in the inner ring and outer rings The guide hole for guiding the guide pin is formed to the oblique line directions of circumferencial direction.

17. motor speed changer according to claim 14, which is characterized in that

The annular groove that the protruding portion is hidden is formed such that circumferencial direction on the inner peripheral surface of the inner ring.

18. motor speed changer according to claim 16, which is characterized in that

The prominent spherical protuberances for forming rotation on the protruding portion, the section of the annular groove are the semicircle and described spherical protuberances energy Enough hide.

19. motor speed changer according to claim 13, which is characterized in that

The inner peripheral surface of one of them in the external driving gear and driven gear forms the spine engaged with the pawl It takes turns, another in the external driving gear and driven gear is fixed to the input shaft or output shaft.

Technical field

The present invention relates to multi-speed transmissions more than motor third gear, in more detail, because of not complicated hydraulic device Deng and when structure is simple and speed change, does not have energy consumption and gear shift shock, can be carried out by required transmission range and gear ratio from By the motor speed changer for designing and making.

Background technique

Recently, electric car is widely spread, but the multi-speed transmission of motor used for vehicle not yet realizes commercialization.

Engine can not obtain torque in initial start-up, but motor can generate peak torque in initial start-up, thus With good starting loop.Therefore, for motor compared to for engine, torque-speed characteristic is particularly suited for the vehicles.

But the waste of fuel (electricity) is more serious due to not having multi-speed transmission, there is problem when driving on abrupt slope.Electricity Electrical automobile generates peak torque in initial start-up, and with the increase of speed, torque will be gradually decreased.After acceleration Reduced torque, needing to step on the gas puts into electric energy to improve RPM.It will cause the increase of energy consumption, the load mistake of motor in this way Excessive heat is generated greatly, i.e., electric energy is transformed into thermal energy and causes to waste.

If having motor multi-speed transmission, powerful torque can be effectively used in multiple speed intervals, to prevent The only waste of the energy.Also, effective driving is realized with the motor of lower-wattage.Therefore, if multi-speed transmission is applied to Motor can then substantially reduce energy consumption.

But existing engine speed changer in speed change energy consumption than more serious and structure is complicated, it is difficult to answered Use motor.

The condition of motor speed changer be 1) be not present waste of energy the speed change energy, 2) do not have hydraulic clutch, synchronization The simple structure of device, torque converter etc., 3) soft speed change without gear shift shock is realized, 4) there is the above multi gear tooth of third gear Wheel, can be with gear ratio speed change appropriate.

At present, it has been disclosed that two shift transmissions of a variety of motors.But this two shift transmission is utilized general in electric tool etc. All over the deceleration device used, the gear ratio in speed change section is excessive, and gear shift shock is serious, in terms of there is durability, because This is difficult to apply.

In addition, motor is not only widely used as driving source in field of vehicles such as electric cars, but also in electric tool With in the industrial fields such as generator used also as driving source, therefore the development that technology relevant to motor is innovated, but become Fast device the relevant technologies are but much too late.

Summary of the invention

(technical problems to be solved)

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of motor multi-speed transmissions for being able to solve the above problem, because without complexity Hydraulic device etc. and when structure is simple and speed change, does not have energy consumption.

Another object of the present invention is to provide the motor multi gears that one kind does not realize soft speed change with not generating gear shift shock Speed changer.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of free design can be carried out by required transmission range and gear ratio With the motor speed changer of production.

(means solved the problems, such as)

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, speed changer of the invention includes: input shaft, is revolved by the driving force of motor Turn, there is multiple ratchets (pawl) on outer peripheral surface；Controller is individually controlled extending and retracting for multiple pawls；It is multiple Driving gear, the input shaft penetrate through its center, and the ratchet (ratchet) engaged with the pawl, tool are formed on inner peripheral surface There is different number of gear teeth；Multiple driven gears, it is external with the driving gear and engage, there is different number of gear teeth；With And output section, the rotary force that output passes through the driving gear and driven gear speed change.

And, it is preferable that the controller includes: multiple gear levers, one end in conjunction with the pawl, the other end have from The protruding portion that the outer peripheral surface of the input shaft extends and retracts；Elastomeric element, in the lower elastic of the pawl or protruding portion Support；Inner ring, the input shaft penetrate through its center, move back and forth along the axis direction of the input shaft and make the protruding portion It is extended and retracted in the outer peripheral surface of the input shaft；And moving portion, so that axis direction of the inner ring along the input shaft It is mobile.

And, it is preferable that the moving portion is to surround the outside of the inner ring and by rotation so that the inner ring is along institute State the mobile outer ring of the axis direction of input shaft.

And, it is preferable that protrusion forms guide pin in one of them in the inner ring and outer rings, in the inner ring and outside The guide hole for guiding the guide pin is formed in another in ring to the oblique line directions of circumferencial direction.

And, it is preferable that annular groove is formed to circumferencial direction on the inner peripheral surface of the inner ring, so that the protruding portion is prominent Hide out.

And, it is preferable that the prominent spherical protuberances for forming rotation on the protruding portion, the section of the annular groove are semicircle And the spherical protuberances can be hidden.

And, it is preferable that multiple driven gears be combined with each other or are formed as one, with the rotation of identical speed.

And, it is preferable that in the output section and the driving gear it is one of in conjunction with and receive the rotation after speed change Turn power and outputs it.

And, it is preferable that the output section from the rotary force after one of reception speed change in the driven gear simultaneously It outputs it.

And, it is preferable that mounting protrusion is formed in one end of the input shaft, and further includes gear shift sleeve, it is described Input shaft penetrates through its center, and inner peripheral surface forms mounting slot and the mounting protrusion can be made to tangle, and is entered the drive of the motor Power.

Also, preferably, further includes: spring, one end are connected to the gear shift sleeve, and the other end is connected to the input Axis.

And, it is preferable that the width of the mounting slot is greater than the width of the mounting protrusion, so that the mounting protrusion energy The enough inside in the mounting slot is mobile.

Speed changer of the invention includes: input shaft, is rotated by the driving force of motor；Multiple driving gears, center tool There is the input shaft, there is different number of gear teeth；Multiple driven gears, it is external with the driving gear and engage, have not Same number of gear teeth；Output shaft is parallel to the input shaft, becomes the central axis of multiple driven gears, and output passes through institute State the rotary force of driving gear and driven gear speed change；Multiple ratchets (pawl), be set to the input shaft or output shaft and from Outer peripheral surface extends and retracts；And controller, individually control extending and retracting for multiple pawls.

And, it is preferable that the controller includes: multiple gear levers, one end in conjunction with the pawl, the other end have from The protruding portion that the outer peripheral surface of the input shaft or output shaft extends and retracts；Elastomeric element, under the pawl or protruding portion Portion is elastically supported；Inner ring, the input shaft or output shaft penetrate through its center, along the axis direction of the input shaft or output shaft It moves back and forth and the protruding portion is extended and retracted in the outer peripheral surface of the input shaft or output shaft；And moving portion, make The inner ring is obtained to move along the axis direction of the input shaft or output shaft.

And, it is preferable that the moving portion is to surround the outside of the inner ring and by rotation so that the inner ring is along institute State the outer ring of the axis direction movement of input shaft or output shaft.

And, it is preferable that protrusion forms guide pin in one of them in the inner ring and outer rings, in the inner ring and outside The guide hole for guiding the guide pin is formed in another in ring to the oblique line directions of circumferencial direction.

And, it is preferable that the ring that the protruding portion is hidden is formed such that circumferencial direction on the inner peripheral surface of the inner ring Slot.

And, it is preferable that the prominent spherical protuberances for forming rotation on the protruding portion, the section of the annular groove are semicircle And the spherical protuberances can be hidden.

And, it is preferable that the inner peripheral surface of one of them in the external driving gear and driven gear formed with The ratchet of pawl engagement, another in the external driving gear and driven gear are fixed to the input shaft Or output shaft.

(The effect of invention)

It is an advantage of the current invention that the axis (input shaft or output shaft) because of rotation has pawl, with input shaft with identical Speed rotation and speed change, therefore not complicated hydraulic device etc., energy free consumes when structure is simple and speed change.

Further, it is possible to carry out free design and production by required transmission range and gear ratio.

It is full simultaneously if motor of the invention is applied to the vehicles such as electric car or battery-operated motor cycle with speed changer Sufficient torque (power) and speed, in heavy uphill, also there is no problem, fuel efficiency can be made to maximize.

Further, it is possible to realize the soft speed change of no gear shift shock.

Motor of the invention is applied not only to the vehicles with speed changer, moreover it can be used to the change of motor used in entire industry Speed.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the exploded perspective view of the first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the flat cutting view of the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the partial cut perspective view of the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 shows driven gear group of the invention.

Fig. 5 to Fig. 7 shows controller and driving gear of the invention.

Fig. 8 shows gear shift sleeve and input shaft of the invention.

Fig. 9 shows the mode of operation of gear shift sleeve and input shaft when pawl waves.

Figure 10 shows the second embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 11 is the exploded perspective view of the third embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 12 is the flat cutting view of the third embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 13 is the partial cut perspective view of the third embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 14 shows the input shaft and driving gear of the third embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 15 and Figure 16 shows the controller of the third embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 17 shows the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 18 shows the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

Preferred forms

The structure and effect of one embodiment of the present of invention is specifically described below.

Referring to figs. 1 to Fig. 3, the embodiment of the present invention 100 includes: shell H, by the driving force of motor (attached drawing is not shown) Input shaft 120, the input shaft 120 of rotation penetrate through multiple driving gears 140 and multiple driving gears at its center 140 it is external and engage multiple driven gears 150.Also, in the present embodiment, the driving force of the motor passes through gear shift sleeve 110 (shift clutch) are passed to input shaft 120.

Multiple resettlement grooves 121 are formed on the input shaft 120, with multiple pawl (ginsengs for being placed in the resettlement groove 121 According to Fig. 5 ' 171'), in particular, being equipped with elastomeric element 122 on resettlement groove 121 and under the inoperative state of external force, with institute Pawl 171 is stated highlightedly to flexibly support to the outside of the input shaft 120.

Also, the multiple driving gears 140 axially penetrated through with the input shaft 120, the driving gear 140 Inner peripheral surface formation ratchet (reference Fig. 5 ' 140a'), so that the pawl 171 tangles and transmits the rotary force of input shaft.

Also, has and distinguish multiple driven gears 150 that are external and engaging with multiple driving gears 140.This implementation In example 100, three driving gears 140 with different number of gear teeth are set, are identical with this ground, setting has different gears Three driven gears 150 of the number of teeth, pawl 171 also are provided with three and respectively correspond multiple driving gears 140.

By this structure, the present embodiment can be using speed change as third gear.

Therefore, speed changer of the invention does not have the change in other structures, only by the number of driving gear and driven gear Four or more are respectively set to, to have with the simple structure of the above speed change of fourth gear.

Also, there is the output section for exporting the rotary force by 150 speed change of the driving gear 140 and driven gear 130, in the present embodiment, output section 130 and the first driving gear 141 on the outermost side in the driving gear 140 in conjunction with and It is formed.

Fig. 4 shows the driven gear group of the present embodiment.As shown, the present embodiment is external with driving gear respectively and engage, With three different driven gears 151~153 of number of gear teeth, in particular, three driven gears 150 are mutually tied in the present embodiment It closes.For example, being rotated when the second driven gear 152 receives the rotary force of the second driving gear (Fig. 5 ' 142') engaged When, other two driven gear 151,153 is also with rotation speed identical with the second driven gear 152 rotation.

Also, there are three driven gears 151~153 to form three groups of 120 ° for the present embodiment tool, they respectively with gear-box 160 axis in conjunction with and form driven gear group.

Referring to Fig. 5, it is seen that there are three driving gears 140 for the outer peripheral surface tool of input shaft 120.Also, in the driving gear 140 inner peripheral surface forms ratchet 140a, forms resettlement groove 121 in the outer peripheral surface of input shaft 120, the resettlement groove 121 has spine Pawl 171.

In addition, making one of prominent in multiple ratchets 171, pawl 171 outstanding by operating controller 170 It is tangled by ratchet 140a and the rotary force of input shaft 120 is passed to any one driving gear 141~143 and rotates.

In the present embodiment, the controller 170 includes pawl 171 and gear lever (Fig. 6 b ' 172'), outer ring 174 and interior Ring 173, speed-changing chain 175 and wire (wire) (Fig. 3 ' 176').

Referring to Fig. 6, the outer peripheral surface that a shows the input shaft 120 forms resettlement groove (Fig. 8 ' 121a'), in the placement Pawl 171 is disposed on slot 121.Also, in the present embodiment, the outer peripheral surface of input shaft 120 forms resettlement groove 121a and disposes described Gear lever 172.In particular, dispose on the resettlement groove 121 of the pawl 171 with elastomeric element (referring to Fig. 5 ' 122'), when outer When power does not work, the pawl 171 is elastically supported, with prominent from the outer peripheral surface of input shaft 120.The bullet can also be used Property component is located at the structure of the lower part of the protruding portion 172a of gear lever.

B pawl 171 is shown and be formed as one with the pawl 171 and the gear lever 172 that combines.As shown, the change One end of fast bar 172 forms protruding portion 172a, and the upper surface of described protruding portion 172a has rotatable spherical protuberances 172b.It is described Protrusion 172b is by identical with ball bearing metal ball shaped in the installation of the upper surface of described protruding portion 172a formation hemisphere form Slot can rotatably dispose spherical protuberances 172b (referring to the local wide figure of Fig. 2).

When pressurizeing to protrusion 172b, the pawl 171 combined with gear lever 172 is also shaken in the inside of resettlement groove 121 It puts and drops to below the outer peripheral surface of input shaft 120.Therefore, the outer peripheral surface top by elastomeric element 122 to input shaft 120 is prominent Pawl 171 out waves and hides to resettlement groove 121, no longer prominent to the outer peripheral surface of input shaft 120 top.In this case, Pawl 171 not with ratchet (referring to Fig. 5 ' 140a') engage, therefore even if input shaft 120 rotate, driving gear 140 will not Rotation.

Also, after the external force for acting on the protruding portion 172a is removed, it is elastically compressed by 171 lower part of pawl Elastomeric element 122 elastic restoring force, the pawl 171 wave and to prominent above the outer peripheral surface of the input shaft 120.Such as Preceding described, when pawl 171 is prominent to the outer peripheral surface of input shaft 120 top, the pawl 171 engages with ratchet 140a and is made Driving gear 140 rotates.

The outer peripheral surface that c shows input shaft 120 is inserted into the state of inner ring 173.As shown, prominent shape in the inner ring 173 At guide pin 173a.

D shows outer ring 174 and surrounds the inner ring 173 and state in connection.As shown, it is formed on the outer ring 174 Guide hole 174a, the guide hole 174a are formed to the oblique line directions of circumferencial direction.Also, constraint to be assembled by the guide hole 174a The guide pin 173a, accordingly, when the outer ring 174 rotation, the guide pin 173a is moved along guide hole 174a, therefore in outer ring 174 inside, inner ring 173 along the input shaft axis direction to the left or right side is moved.

As described above, when inner ring 173 moves left and right, annular groove (referring to Fig. 7 ' 173b') also move left and right, with The protrusion 172b of any one gear lever on its corresponding position hides to annular groove 173b, and pawl 171 is to the periphery of input shaft 120 It is prominent above face.

In order to move left and right the inner ring 173, the outer ring 174 should rotate, for this purpose, speed-changing chain 175 is integrated to The side of the outer ring 174.The speed-changing chain 175 has wire 176 (being chain in the present embodiment), passes through pull-up metal Silk 176 and rotate outer ring 174, inner ring 173 moves forward or back accordingly, passes through the forward-reverse of inner ring 173, controls pawl 171 Protrusion or placement to resettlement groove 121.

Fig. 7 shows pawl 171 and is not arranged to resettlement groove 121 and state outstanding, that is, from the outer peripheral surface of input shaft 140 State outstanding.

In the inner peripheral surface of the inner ring 173, band-like annular groove 173b is formed to circumferencial direction.

The inner ring 173 is moved along the axis direction of input shaft 120, and the annular groove 173b is located at the protrusion of the gear lever When the top of 172b, the protrusion 172b hides to annular groove 173b because of elastomeric element 122 and can wave.Gear lever When 172 protrusion 172b hides to annular groove 173b, pawl 171 is to prominent above the outer peripheral surface of input shaft 120.

In the present embodiment, although the annular groove 173b is the structure hidden for the protrusion 172b, unlike this, Also it may be configured as the structure that protruding portion 172a itself hides.

If illustrating mode of operation, firstly, the outer ring 174 rotate, thus the inner ring 173 on input shaft axially (left and right) is mobile.

By the movement of the inner ring 173, the annular groove 173b for being formed within circumferential surface will be located at the protrusion 172b Top, protrusion 172b hides because of the elastic force of elastomeric element 122 to annular groove 173b.

At the same time, pawl 171 also wave and to prominent, pawl 171 outstanding and spine above the outer peripheral surface of input shaft 120 Wheel 140a is engaged and the rotary force of input shaft 120 is passed to corresponding driving gear 140, so that driving gear 140 revolves Turn.

It is as follows by the way of in the present embodiment, in order to rotate the outer ring 174, in the side of outer ring 174 with entirety Form speed-changing chain 175, pull-up wire 176 and make the speed-changing chain 175 positive or counter-rotating.But not with this It, can also be using the speed change for making 174 forward direction of outer ring or counter-rotating by subminiature motor (attached drawing is not shown) with ground Mode.

In turn, in the present embodiment, the controller 170 has to move left and right inner ring 173 on input shaft 120 Outer ring 174, it is possible to have the moving portion (attached drawing is not shown) for moving left and right inner ring 173 on input shaft is to substitute outer ring 174 and make the rotary means of outer ring rotation.

The moving portion can be driving source well known to subminiature motor or oil cylinder etc..

Referring to Fig. 8, the gear shift sleeve 110 is to absorb gear shift shock and the driving force of motor is transmitted to the input The component of axis 120, the gear shift sleeve 110 are formed as the cylinder form that one end of input shaft 120 can penetrate through, inner circumferential surface Mounting slot 111 is formed, extension 113 is formed along outer peripheral surface in one side, forms the inner side slot for installing spring 124,125 112。

The mounting protrusion 123 tangled by the mounting slot 111 of the gear shift sleeve 110 is formed on the input shaft 120. When the gear shift sleeve 110 rotation, after rotating by a certain angle, mounting protrusion 123 is tangled by mounting slot 111, is inputted Axis 3120 will be rotated together with gear shift sleeve 110.

In particular, in order to make the mounting protrusion 123 with the rotation of the input shaft 120 and in the mounting slot 111 The width of mobile (clockwise or rotating counterclockwise), the mounting slot 111 is greater than the width of mounting protrusion 123.

Also, in order to absorb gear shift shock, it is greater than in the compression setting diameter of inner side slot 112 of the gear shift sleeve 110 The spring 124 of 112 diameter of inner side slot.

If illustrating, in the present embodiment, one end of spring 124 is connected to gear shift sleeve 110, and the other end is connected to extension Protrusion 123 is connect, direction (the both ends of the spring portion that increases to diameter of the elastic restoring force of the spring 124 that becomes smaller of diameter is compressed to obtain The direction being located remotely from each other) it works.

The b of Fig. 8 is that spring 125 is wound three times, and compared to spring 124 shown in a, elastic force is stronger, therefore energy Gear shift shock is enough more efficiently absorbed.

The gear shift shock generated when speed change in the present invention was absorbed and is mitigated through two stages.

The first stage for absorbing gear shift shock is as follows, for speed change from the specific pawl 171 outstanding of input shaft 120 and shape It rotates together with and engages at the ratchet 140a of the inner peripheral surface in the driving gear, prevent that pawl 171 and ratchet 140a's is strong It collides and absorbs gear shift shock for the first time.

The second stage for absorbing gear shift shock is the effect of gear shift sleeve 110 and spring 124,125, referring to Fig. 9 It is described in detail.

Firstly, for speed change and in pawl 171 from the state starter motor outstanding of input shaft 120, driving force makes gear shift Clutch 110 rotates.The rotary force of gear shift sleeve 110 is with the spring 124 is medium and is passed to input shaft 120 and revolves Turn.At this point, the mounting slot 111 (left side wall in attached drawing) of gear shift sleeve can not push directly on the mounting protrusion 123 of input shaft, Therefore rotary force is with spring 124 is medium and is passed to input shaft 120 (referring to a of Fig. 9).Also, mounting protrusion 123 passes through The elastic force (to the direction of expanded in diameter, separate direction is worked between both ends) of spring 124 and with mounting slot 111 the right side Side wall connects, to form space S 1 to the left.

As input shaft 120 and the gear shift sleeve 110 rotate together with, at the time of pawl 171 is engaged with ratchet 140a It arrives.To this moment for it, external force does not act on spring 124, the rotary force of gear shift sleeve 110 with spring 124 is medium and by It is transmitted to input shaft 120 (referring to the b of Fig. 9).

After the pawl 171 is engaged with ratchet 140a, spring 124 is further due to the rotation of gear shift sleeve 110 The mounting slot 111 (left side wall in attached drawing) of compression, last gear shift sleeve 110 meets and pushes it with mounting protrusion 123. Therefore, the driving force of motor is with spring 124 is not medium and is transmitted to input shaft 120 from gear shift sleeve 110, driving gear 140 rotate because of the rotation of input shaft 120 (referring to the c of Fig. 9).At this point, forming space S 2 to the right side of mounting raised 123.

In other words, in the b of Fig. 9, the driving force of motor is transmitted to input shaft by spring 124 from gear shift sleeve 110 120, and in the c of Fig. 9, because the mounting slot 111 of gear shift sleeve pushes mounting protrusion 123, the driving force of motor does not pass through spring 124 and be directly delivered to input shaft 120.

As described above, according to the present invention, the step of pawl 161 is engaged with ratchet 140a (b of Fig. 9), pushes away with mounting slot 111 The step of dynamic mounting protrusion 123, there are the time differences (referring to the c of Fig. 9), in particular, during this period, the gear shift shock by compression of spring 124 It is absorbed.

If without spring 124, after making pawl 171 prominent for speed change, by the rotation of motor so that gear shift clutch Device 110 rotates, and mounting slot 111 will encounter mounting protrusion 123 immediately and generate gear shift shock.

Also, before the movement for making to wave below outer peripheral surface of the pawl 171 to input shaft 120 for speed change, in order to Speed change it is smooth and the speed change moment (less than one second) temporarily slowly or stop (off) motor movement.In this case, described The engaging of pawl 171 and the ratchet 140a fluffs and being capable of speed change.After motor stopping movement, gear shift sleeve 110 also will Stop rotating, at this point, mounting protrusion 123 due to the elastic restoring force of spring 124 in mounting slot 111 to being rotated clockwise And it is mobile, back to a of Fig. 9, the state of b.This state makes constant absorption gear shift shock become possible.

Illustrate the mode of operation of the embodiment of the present invention below.

Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, when the driving force of motor is passed and input shaft 120 is rotated by gear shift sleeve 110, The wire 176 of driver's pull-up controller 170 and make any one pawl 171 prominent from resettlement groove 120, thus driving with Its corresponding driving gear 140.For example, when driver will be in order to which to second gear speed change and when pull-up wire 176, outer ring 174 will revolve Then inner ring 173 is moved to left or right side on input shaft.By this movement, the protrusion 172b of the protruding portion of corresponding second gear Hide the annular groove 173b to inner ring, the ratchet of the second driving gear 142 of corresponding second gear (Fig. 5 ' 140a') will be with pawl 171 Engagement.

Therefore, the rotary force of input shaft 140 make the second driving gear 142 rotate, and make engage second from Moving gear 152 rotates.Although driving force is only delivered to the second driven gear 152, because multiple driven gears 150 be combined with each other, First and third driven gear 151,153 also with the second driven gear 152 together with identical rotation speed rotation, with first from The first driving gear 141 that moving gear 151 engages also is rotated with the rotation speed speed change of the second driven gear 152.

Also, it is exported by the rotary force of 130 speed change of output section bound directly with the first driving gear 141.In this way The rotary force of speed change output rotates output section 130.

By taking the output section 130 as an example, the rotary force of speed change is transmitted with front axle or the rear-wheel axis connection of electric car, Or the rotary force of speed change is connect and transmitted by chain to rear-wheel with the drive sprocket of battery-operated motor cycle or electric bicycle.

Figure 10 shows the second embodiment of the present invention.

In the second embodiment of the present invention 200, the front-wheel of automobile or motorcycle, bicycle etc. or the hub shell at rear-wheel center 210 inside is built-in with motor part 220 and reduction part 221, and the motor part 220 and reduction part 221 are provided centrally with input Axis 240.The two sides of the hub shell 210 combine in conjunction with frame F, and with spoke (attached drawing is not shown).

Also, including the input shaft 240 penetrate through its center multiple driving gears 250 and with the driving gear 250 External and engagement multiple driven gears 260.

The motor part 220 is the well known driving source by the power drives of battery (attached drawing is not shown).With with electricity The cable of pond connection (attached drawing is not shown).

In the present embodiment, motor part 220 has the coil 220a as the stator and annular magnet 220b as rotor.Cause This, input shaft 240 penetrates through the center of annular magnet 220b.Also, when battery supplies power supply, motor axis of rotation 220c is with magnetic The rotation of iron 220b and rotate, in the present embodiment, motor axis of rotation 220c is connected to reduction part 221.

Therefore, it after the driving force of motor part 220 is slowed down by reduction part 221, is exported by deboost axle 221a.The deceleration The rotary force of axis 221a is transmitted to the input shaft 240 by the gear shift sleeve 270.

If further illustrating, on gear shift sleeve 270 formed mounting slot 271, with the mounting slot 271 correspondingly, Mounting protrusion 241 is formed on input shaft 240.

Therefore, the rotary force of the deboost axle 221a can be transmitted to gear shift sleeve 270, the gear shift sleeve 270 When rotation, with when poorly, mounting slot 271 tangled by mounting protrusion 241 and input shaft 240 rotated.

The reduction part 221 is also well known means, can be according to being required through a variety of method choice reduction ratio.Also, root It, can also be using the structure of removal reduction part 221 according to situation.

Formed on the input shaft 240 resettlement groove (referring to Fig. 5 ' 121'), be placed in the resettlement groove with multiple Pawl (referring to Fig. 5 ' 171'), in particular, be equipped on resettlement groove elastomeric element (referring to Fig. 5 ' 122'), do not acted as in external force In the state of, the pawl is elastically supported, with prominent to the outside of the input shaft 240.

Also, four driving gears 251~254 axially penetrated through with the input shaft 240, the driving gear 250 inner peripheral surface formed ratchet (referring to Fig. 5 ' 140a') so that the pawl can be tangled and transmit rotary force.

Also, with multiple driven gears 261 that are external with multiple difference of driving gears 251~254 and engaging~ 264。

In the present embodiment 200, four driving gears 250 with different number of gear teeth are set, are identical with this ground, setting Four driven gears 260 with different number of gear teeth.

Also, pawl is also provided with there are four and respectively corresponds multiple driving gears 250.

Also, have between maximum first driven gear 261 of radius and hub shell 210 in the driven gear 260 Power transmission gear 211.That is, the rotary force of motor 220 passes through retarder 221 and is input by gear shift sleeve 270 defeated Enter axis 240, the rotary force through 260 speed change of driving gear 250 and driven gear is output to hub shell 210.That is, the present embodiment Hub shell 210 becomes output section in 200.The rotary force exported to hub shell 210 is driven by being connected to the spoke of hub shell 210 The front-wheel or rear-wheel of electrical automobile, motorcycle or bicycle etc..

The driven gear 260 be combined with each other and with the rotation of identical speed.

In the present embodiment, controller and Fig. 5 omit specific description to shown in Fig. 7 identical.

Different from the present embodiment, motor and retarder may be alternatively located on the outside of hub shell.

Specific embodiment

Referring to Fig.1 1 to Figure 13, the third embodiment of the present invention 300 includes: shell H, and H1~H3, by motor, (attached drawing is not Show) driving force rotation input shaft 320, center have the input shaft 320 four driving gears 340, with the master Moving gear 340 is external and engages four driven gears 350, as the driven gear 350 central axis and be parallel to described The output shaft 330 of input shaft 320.

Also, in the present embodiment, the driving force of the motor is not directly delivered to input shaft 320, but passes through gear shift Clutch 310 (shift clutch) is transmitted to input shaft 320.

Two resettlement grooves (Figure 14 ' 321') is formed on the input shaft 320, there are two is placed in the resettlement groove to tool 321 pawl 361a, 361b, in particular, being equipped with elastomeric element (Figure 14 ' 322') on resettlement groove 321 and not acted as in external force In the state of, highlightedly flexibly supported with the pawl 361 to the outside of the input shaft 320.

Also, have be with the input shaft 320 center axis multiple driving gears 340, the in the driving gear 340 Two and the 4th driving gear 342,344 inner peripheral surface forms ratchet (referring to Fig.1 4 ' 340a'), so that the pawl 361b, 361a tangles and transmits the rotary force of input shaft 320.

Selectively it can combine or separate with input shaft 320.Also, first and third driving gear 341,343 center It is fixed to input shaft 320 and is rotated together with always with input shaft 320.

Also, also there is controller 360, individually control multiple pawl 361a in the outer peripheral surface of input shaft 320, 361b's extends and retracts.

The number of gear teeth of four driving gears 340 is different.

Also, has and distinguish four driven gears 350 that are external and engaging with four driving gears 340.Described four The number of gear teeth of a driven gear 350 is also different.

The output shaft 330 is to penetrate through the center of multiple driven gears 350 and be parallel to input shaft 320 and export and become The component of the rotary force of speed.Also two resettlement grooves are formed on the output shaft 330, and there are two spine for being placed in the resettlement groove Pawl 371a, 371b, in particular, being equipped with spring on resettlement groove and under the inoperative state of external force, the pawl 371a, 371b It is elastically supported, with prominent to the outside of the input shaft 330.

Also, in the driven gear 350 first and third driven gear 351,353 inner peripheral surface formed ratchet so that The pawl 371b is obtained, 371a can be tangled and rotary force can be transmitted to output shaft 330, can be selected with output shaft 330 Combines or separate to property.Also, second and the 4th driven gear 352,354 center is fixed to output shaft 330.

Also, there is controller 370, individually control the pawl 371a, the stretching of 371b in the outer peripheral surface of output shaft 330 And retraction.

By this structure, the present embodiment can be using speed change as fourth gear.

Therefore, speed changer of the invention does not have the change in other structures, only by the number of driving gear and driven gear Five or more are respectively set to, to have with the simple structure of five grades or more speed changes.

Referring to Fig.1 4, it is seen that there are four driving gears 340 for the outer peripheral surface tool of input shaft 320.Also, as previously mentioned, defeated The outer peripheral surface for entering axis 320 forms two resettlement grooves 321, and the resettlement groove 321 has pawl 361a and elastomeric element 322.

In the present embodiment, ratchet 340a, In are formed in the inner peripheral surface of the second driving gear 342 and the 4th driving gear 344 The outer peripheral surface of input shaft 320 where second driving gear 342 and the 4th driving gear 344 has the first pawl 361b and second Pawl 361a can be extended and retracted.

As described above, control pawl 361b, 361a by the operation of controller 360 so that the second driving gear 342 and 4th driving gear 344 is selectively combined or is separated with input shaft 320.

Unlike this, the first driving gear 341 and third driving gear 343 are combined or formed with input shaft 320 It is integrated and is fixed.

In the same manner, two resettlement grooves also being formed in the outer peripheral surface of output shaft 330, the resettlement groove has pawl 371a, 371b (referring to Fig.1 2).

In the present embodiment, ratchet is formed in the inner peripheral surface of the first driven gear 351 and third driven gear 353, first The outer peripheral surface of output shaft 330 where driven gear 351 and third driven gear 353 has third pawl 371b and the 4th pawl 371a can be extended and retracted.

Also, the second driven gear 352 and the 4th driven gear 354 are combined or integral with output shaft 330 And it is fixed.

Also, the first mutually external driving gear 341 is fixed to input shaft 320, the inner circumferential of the first driven gear 351 Face forms ratchet and can engage with pawl 371b.Be identical with this ground, the inner peripheral surface of the second driving gear 342 form ratchet and with Pawl 361b engagement, second driven gear 352 external with the second driving gear 342 are fixed to output shaft 330 (referring to figure 12).In other words, the inner peripheral surface formation of one of them in mutually external driving gear 340 and driven gear 350 is nibbled with pawl The ratchet of conjunction, another is fixed to input shaft 320 or output shaft 330.

Also, by the operation of controller 360 possessed by input shaft 320, so that appointing in multiple ratchets 361a, 361b It anticipates a protrusion, then pawl 361a outstanding, 361b are suspended to ratchet 340a, so that the rotary force of input shaft 320 is passed to certain One driving gear 342,344.

Alternatively, by the operation of controller 370 possessed by output shaft 330, so that appointing in multiple ratchets 371a, 371b It anticipates a protrusion, then pawl 3371a outstanding, 371b are suspended to ratchet 340a, thus the rotation of some driven gear 351,353 Power is transmitted to output shaft 330 and is exported.

In the present embodiment, the controller 360,370 includes gear lever (Figure 15 b ' 362') and outer ring 374, inner ring 373, rotating part 375.

Figure 15 shows the controller 360 that input shaft 320 is arranged in, it is known that the outer peripheral surface of input shaft 320 described in a is formed with Resettlement groove (Figure 14 ' 321') is mounted with pawl 361 on the resettlement groove 321.Also, in the present embodiment, in input shaft 320 Outer peripheral surface form resettlement groove (Fig. 8 ' 121a'), to dispose the gear lever 362.In particular, disposing the peace of the pawl 361 Slot 321 is set with elastomeric element (referring to Fig.1 4 ' 322') and when external force does not work, the pawl 361 is elastically supported, With prominent from the outer peripheral surface of input shaft 320.The lower part that the elastomeric element is located at the protruding portion 362a of gear lever can also be used Structure.

B pawl 361 is shown and be formed as one with the pawl 361 and the gear lever 362 that combines.As shown, the change One end of fast bar 362 forms protruding portion 362a, and the upper surface of described protruding portion 362a has rotatable spherical protuberances 362b.It is described Protrusion 362b is by identical with ball bearing metal ball shaped in the installation of the upper surface of described protruding portion 362a formation hemisphere form Slot can rotatably dispose spherical protuberances 362b (2 local wide figures referring to Fig.1).

When pressurizeing to protrusion 362b, the pawl 361 combined with gear lever 362 is also shaken in the inside of resettlement groove 321 It puts and hides to below the outer peripheral surface of input shaft 320.Therefore, the outer peripheral surface top by elastomeric element 322 to input shaft 320 is prominent Pawl 361 out hide to resettlement groove 321 and no longer to input shaft 320 outer peripheral surface above it is prominent.In this case, pawl 361 do not engage with ratchet (referring to Fig.1 4 ' 340a'), therefore even if input shaft 320 rotates, driving gear 340 will not revolve Turn.

Also, after the external force for acting on the protruding portion 362a is removed, pressed by the lower part of the pawl 361 by elasticity The elastic restoring force of the elastomeric element 322 of contracting, the pawl 361 wave and to prominent above the outer peripheral surface of the input shaft 320. As previously mentioned, the pawl 361 engages with ratchet 340a and is made when pawl 361 is prominent to the outer peripheral surface of input shaft 320 top Driving gear 340 is obtained to rotate.

The outer peripheral surface that c shows input shaft 320 is inserted into the state of inner ring 363.As shown, prominent shape in the inner ring 363 At guide pin 363a.

D shows outer ring 364 and surrounds the inner ring 363 and state in connection.Outer ring 364 is so that the inner ring 363 One example of the moving portion mobile to the axis direction of input shaft or output shaft.

As shown, guide hole 364a is formed on the outer ring 364, the guide hole 36a is formed to the oblique line directions of circumferencial direction. Also, constraint to assemble the guide pin 363a by the guide hole 364a, accordingly, when the outer ring 364 rotation, the guide pin 363a is moved along guide hole 364a to oblique line directions, therefore in the inside of outer ring 364, inner ring 363 is along the input shaft 320 Axis direction is to the left or right side is mobile.

As described above, when inner ring 363 moves left and right, annular groove (referring to Fig.1 6 ' 363b') is also moved left and right, In The protrusion 362b of any one gear lever on corresponding position hides to annular groove 363b, and pawl 361 is to outside input shaft 320 It is prominent above circumferential surface.In order to move left and right inner ring 363, the outer ring 364 should rotate, for this purpose, the side of the outer ring 364 It is combined with rotating part 365 or is formed as one with rotating part 365.Outer ring 364 is revolved and rotating the rotating part 365 Turn, inner ring 36 axially moves forward or back accordingly, by the forward or backward of inner ring 363, control pawl 361 protrusion or to Resettlement groove 321 is hidden.

Figure 16 shows pawl 361 and is not arranged to resettlement groove 321 and state outstanding, that is, from the outer peripheral surface of input shaft 340 State outstanding.

In the inner peripheral surface of the inner ring 363, band-like annular groove 363b is formed to circumferencial direction.

The inner ring 363 is moved along the axis direction of input shaft 320, and the annular groove 363b is located at the protrusion of the gear lever When the top of 362b, the protrusion 362b hides because of elastomeric element 322 to annular groove 363b and gear lever 362 can shake Pendulum.When the protrusion 362b of gear lever 362 hides to annular groove 363b, pawl 361 is to prominent above the outer peripheral surface of input shaft 320.

In the present embodiment, although the annular groove 363b is the structure hidden for the protrusion 362b, unlike this, Also it may be configured as the structure that protruding portion 362a itself hides.

If illustrating mode of operation, firstly, the outer ring 364 is rotated, so that the inner ring 363 is on input shaft to axis Direction (left and right) is mobile.

By the movement of the inner ring 363, the annular groove 363b for being formed within circumferential surface will be located at the protrusion 362b Top, protrusion 362b hides because of the elastic force of elastomeric element 322 to annular groove 363b.

At the same time, pawl 361 also wave and to prominent, pawl 361 outstanding and spine above the outer peripheral surface of input shaft 320 Wheel 340a is engaged and the rotary force of input shaft 320 is passed to corresponding driving gear 340, so that driving gear 340 revolves Turn.

It is as follows by the way of in the present embodiment, in order to rotate the outer ring 364, in the side of outer ring 364 with entirety It forms rotating part 365 and enables rotating part 365 positive or counter-rotating.But unlike this, it can also use and pass through Subminiature motor (attached drawing is not shown) makes the outer ring 364 positive or counter-rotating gear shift mode.

In turn, in the present embodiment, the controller 360 has to move left and right inner ring 363 on input shaft 320 Outer ring 364, it is possible to have the moving portion for moving left and right inner ring 363 on input shaft is to substitute outer ring 364.

The moving portion can be driving source well known to subminiature motor or oil cylinder etc..

Figure 15 and Figure 16 shows the controller 360 that input shaft 320 is arranged in, but with controller that output shaft 330 is set 370 it is having the same structurally and functionally, therefore omit repeated explanation.

In the present embodiment the structure of clutch and operation with Fig. 8 and9 is identical with the explanation referring to its progress.

Illustrate the mode of operation of the embodiment of the present invention below.

The driving force of 2 and Figure 13 referring to Fig.1, motor are passed and input shaft 320 is rotated by gear shift sleeve 310, Driver operates controller 360,370 and makes any one pawl 361a, 361b, 371a, and 371b is prominent, makes driving gear 342,344 or driven gear 351,353 combined with input shaft 320 or output shaft 330, the rotary force of speed change is output to output shaft 330。

For example, rotating outer ring 364 by rotating part 365, then inner ring 363 if it is second gear that driver, which wants speed change, Left or right side is moved on input shaft.By this operation, the protrusion 362b of the protruding portion of corresponding second gear hides to inner ring Annular groove 363b, (Figure 12 ' 361b') is engaged thus the ratchet of the second driving gear 342 of corresponding second gear and pawl.

Therefore, the rotary force of input shaft 340 make the second driving gear 342 rotate, and make engage second from Moving gear 352 rotates.Because output shaft 330 is fixed on the center of the second driven gear 352, output shaft 330 is by the rotation of output variable speed Turn power.

By taking the output shaft 330 as an example, be connected to electric car front axle or hind axle and transmit the rotary force of speed change, Or it is connected to the drive sprocket of battery-operated motor cycle or electric bicycle and passes through the rotary force that chain transmits speed change to rear-wheel.

Also, it is three gears that if driver, which wants speed change, operate controller 370 and make pawl (Figure 12 ' 371a') to The outer peripheral surface of output shaft 330 is prominent, engages it with the ratchet of the third driven gear 353 of corresponding third gear.

Therefore, the rotary force of input shaft 320 rotates the third driving gear 343 for being fixed on input shaft, so that with Its third driven gear 353 engaged rotates.Because output shaft 330 is fixed in third driven gear 353 by pawl 371a The heart, output shaft 330 and third driven gear 353, which generate, to link and the rotary force of output variable speed.

Figure 17 shows the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

As shown, one end of input shaft 420 has gear shift sleeve 410, and mounting protrusion, gear shift are formed on input shaft 420 It is identical as the embodiment shown in Figure 12 that mounting slot is formed on clutch 410.Also, the structure of controller 460 is also shown with Figure 15 It is identical.

But four driving gears 430 of the perforation of input shaft 420, the four pawl P1 engaged with driving gear 440~ P4 can be extended and retracted, therefore can be combined or be separated by the control of controller 460.

Unlike this, output shaft 430 is combined with multiple driven gears 450, does not have pawl.

Therefore, it is also not disposed on output shaft 430 including outer ring 464 and the controller of inner ring 463 460, and be provided only on defeated Enter axis 420.

Figure 18 shows the fifth embodiment of the present invention 500.

Compared to the embodiment shown in Figure 17, the output shaft 530 penetrates through four driven gears 550, nibbles with driven gear 550 The four pawl P1~P4 closed can be extended and retracted, and combined or separated by the control of controller 570.

Unlike this, input shaft 520 is combined with multiple driving gears 540, does not have pawl.

Therefore, it is also not disposed on input shaft 520 including outer ring 574 and the controller of inner ring 573 570, and be provided only on defeated Shaft 530.

But one end this point that input shaft 520 is arranged in gear shift sleeve 510 is identical.

Industrial applicibility

It is full simultaneously if motor of the invention is applied to the vehicles such as electric car or battery-operated motor cycle with speed changer Sufficient torque (power) and speed, in heavy uphill, also there is no problem, fuel efficiency can be made to maximize.

Also, the fields such as generator and lathe or electric tool can also be applied the invention to, realize motor and battery Efficiency maximizes.