阅读说明：本技术 燃料电池的极板结构、电池单体、电池电堆及电池单元 (Polar plate structure of fuel cell, single cell, cell stack and cell unit ) 是由 张永 张威 肖彪 于 2019-09-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种燃料电池的极板结构,包括多孔导电介质层,具有输送反应气体、传导电流、传导反应生成热、排出反应生成水的基本功能；集流板,支撑并配合在所述多孔导电介质层的上面和/或下面,在其与多孔导电介质层配合的一面分布有多个集流槽。本发明在极板结构的基础上对其进行变形还公开了另外一种极板结构,并利用两种极板结构获得了电池单体、电池电堆和电池单元。(The invention discloses a polar plate structure of a fuel cell, which comprises a porous conductive medium layer and has the basic functions of conveying reaction gas, conducting current, conducting heat generated by reaction and discharging water generated by reaction; and the collector plate is supported and matched on the upper surface and/or the lower surface of the porous conductive medium layer, and a plurality of collector grooves are distributed on one surface of the collector plate matched with the porous conductive medium layer. The invention also discloses another pole plate structure by deforming the pole plate structure on the basis of the pole plate structure, and obtains a battery monomer, a battery pile and a battery unit by utilizing the two pole plate structures.)

1. A polar plate structure of a fuel cell is characterized by comprising

The porous conductive medium layer has the basic functions of conveying reaction gas, conducting current, conducting reaction generated heat and discharging reaction generated water;

And the collector plate is supported and matched on the upper surface and/or the lower surface of the porous conductive medium layer, and a plurality of collector grooves are distributed on one surface of the collector plate matched with the porous conductive medium layer.

2. a polar plate structure of a fuel cell is characterized by comprising

The porous conductive medium layer has the basic functions of conveying reaction gas, conducting current, conducting reaction generated heat and discharging reaction generated water;

And the collector plate is supported and matched in the porous conductive medium layer, and a plurality of collector grooves are distributed on two surfaces of the collector plate matched with the porous conductive medium layer.

3. The plate structure of a fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein surfaces of the plurality of current collecting grooves which are in contact with the porous conductive medium layer form a plurality of cavities.

4. The electrode plate structure of a fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the current collecting plate has a plate structure in which convex and concave are alternately arranged.

5. The plate structure of a fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein the current collecting plate is further provided with a plurality of cooling medium channels spaced between the plurality of current collecting grooves.

6. The plate structure of a fuel cell according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of cooling medium channels and the plurality of header grooves are arranged alternately.

7. The plate structure of a fuel cell according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of cooling medium channels have projections in planar contact with the porous conductive medium layer.

8. The plate structure of a fuel cell according to claim 7, wherein the current collecting plate has an up-down symmetrical structure.

9. The plate structure of a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the porous conductive medium layer is a porous metal medium layer.

10. The plate structure of fuel cell according to claim 9, wherein the plate structure is formed by mixing stainless steel wire with PTFE solution and hot pressing.

11. A fuel cell comprising a plate, wherein the plate has a plate structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. a fuel cell stack characterized in that a plurality of fuel cell cells according to claim 11 are provided.

13. The fuel cell stack according to claim 12, wherein when a plurality of stacked unit cells are connected in series to form a stack, only one current collecting plate remains between adjacent two unit cells.

14. The fuel cell stack of claim 12, wherein: when two or more stacked battery cells are connected in series to form a stack, the current collecting plate is not arranged between two adjacent battery cells, and only the separation plate is arranged.

15. a fuel cell unit characterized by: the membrane electrode assembly comprises a first collector plate, a first cathode porous conductive medium layer, a first membrane electrode, a first anode porous conductive medium layer, a second collector plate, a second cathode porous conductive medium layer, a second membrane electrode, a second anode porous conductive medium layer and a third collector plate in sequence along the thickness direction of the membrane electrode assembly; and a plurality of collecting grooves are distributed on one surface of at least the first collecting plate and the third collecting plate matched with the corresponding porous conductive medium layer.

16. The fuel cell unit of claim 15, wherein the first and third collector plates are further provided with a plurality of cooling medium channels spaced between the plurality of collector grooves thereof, respectively.

17. The fuel cell unit according to claim 16, wherein the plurality of cooling medium channels and the plurality of collecting grooves of the first and third collecting plates are alternately arranged.

18. A fuel cell unit according to any one of claims 15-17, characterized in that: and a plurality of current collecting grooves are uniformly distributed on the two surfaces of the second current collecting plate matched with the corresponding porous conductive medium layers.

19. The fuel cell unit of claim 18, wherein the second collector plate further has a plurality of cooling medium channels spaced between the plurality of collecting grooves of the second collector plate, and the plurality of cooling medium channels and the plurality of collecting grooves of the first and third collector plates are alternately arranged.

20. The fuel cell unit according to claim 18, characterized in that: the second collecting plate is a partition plate without a cooling medium channel.

Technical Field

the invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a polar plate structure of a fuel cell, a single cell, a cell stack and a cell unit.

Background

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (hereinafter referred to as fuel cells) use oxidation-reduction reaction as a basic working principle, and can directly convert chemical energy of reaction gas into direct current and release certain heat. The basic structure of the fuel cell comprises a proton exchange membrane, a catalyst layer, a diffusion layer and a current collecting plate, wherein in the actual assembly process, the proton exchange membrane, the cathode and anode catalyst layers and the cathode and anode diffusion layer jointly form a membrane electrode, the current collecting plate is tightly connected to two sides of the membrane electrode, a gas channel is arranged on the current collecting plate, gas is provided for chemical reaction on the membrane electrode, and meanwhile, water generated by the reaction can be discharged out of the fuel cell in time. For a fuel cell pile with larger power, the collector plate also comprises a cooling water channel which is used for taking away heat generated by the reaction of the fuel cell in time.

In order to achieve the purposes of electric conduction, current collection, heat conduction, air supply and water drainage, a certain flow field structure is generally etched on a polar plate, and the current polar plate materials comprise a graphite polar plate, a metal polar plate and a composite polar plate. The good flow field plate design also needs to improve the uniformity of reaction gas as much as possible on the basis of meeting the requirement of basic material transportation, thereby being beneficial to the uniformity of current generation and the uniformity of heat generation, and finally being beneficial to improving the utilization rate of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell and prolonging the service life of the membrane electrode. The invention provides a polar plate structure of a fuel cell, which is used for achieving the purpose and further provides a polar plate structure, a single cell, a cell stack and a cell unit based on the polar plate structure.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a plate structure of a fuel cell, a single cell, a cell stack and a cell unit, so as to solve the above problems. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

The invention discloses a polar plate structure of a fuel cell in a first aspect, which comprises

The porous conductive medium layer has the basic functions of conveying reaction gas, conducting current, conducting reaction generated heat and discharging reaction generated water;

And the collector plate is supported and matched on the upper surface and/or the lower surface of the porous conductive medium layer, and a plurality of collector grooves are distributed on one surface of the collector plate matched with the porous conductive medium layer.

Also disclosed is another fuel cell plate structure, which comprises

The porous conductive medium layer has the basic functions of conveying reaction gas, conducting current, conducting reaction generated heat and discharging reaction generated water;

And the collector plate is supported and matched in the porous conductive medium layer, and a plurality of collector grooves are distributed on two surfaces of the collector plate matched with the porous conductive medium layer.

Furthermore, a plurality of cavities are formed on the surfaces of the plurality of current collecting grooves, which are contacted with the porous conductive medium layer.

Furthermore, the current collecting plate has a plate structure with alternate convex and concave.

Furthermore, the collecting plate is also provided with a plurality of cooling medium channels at intervals among the plurality of collecting grooves.

Further, the plurality of cooling medium channels and the plurality of collecting grooves are arranged in a staggered mode at intervals.

Further, the plurality of cooling medium channels have projections in planar contact with the porous conductive medium layer.

Further, the current collecting plate has a vertically symmetrical structure.

Further, the porous conductive medium layer is a porous metal medium layer.

Furthermore, the stainless steel wire is formed by mixing a stainless steel wire with a PTFE solution and then hot-pressing the mixture.

The invention discloses a fuel battery monomer in a second aspect, which comprises a polar plate, wherein the polar plate has the polar plate structure.

A third aspect of the invention discloses a fuel cell stack: a fuel cell as described above is provided.

Further, when two or more stacked battery cells are connected in series to form a stack, only one current collecting plate is reserved between two adjacent battery cells.

Further, when two or more stacked battery cells are connected in series to form a stack, the current collecting plate is not disposed between two adjacent battery cells, and only the separator plate is disposed.

A fourth aspect of the invention discloses a fuel cell unit: the membrane electrode assembly comprises a first collector plate, a first cathode porous conductive medium layer, a first membrane electrode, a first anode porous conductive medium layer, a second collector plate, a second cathode porous conductive medium layer, a second membrane electrode, a second anode porous conductive medium layer and a third collector plate in sequence along the thickness direction of the membrane electrode assembly; and a plurality of collecting grooves are distributed on one surface of at least the first collecting plate and the third collecting plate matched with the corresponding porous conductive medium layer.

furthermore, the first and third collecting plates are respectively provided with a plurality of cooling medium channels at intervals between the plurality of collecting grooves.

Furthermore, the plurality of cooling medium channels and the plurality of collecting grooves of the first collecting plate and the third collecting plate are arranged in a staggered mode at intervals.

Furthermore, a plurality of collecting grooves are distributed on the two surfaces of the second collecting plate matched with the corresponding porous conductive medium layers.

Furthermore, the second collecting plate is also provided with a plurality of cooling medium channels at intervals among the plurality of collecting grooves, and the plurality of cooling medium channels and the plurality of collecting grooves of the first collecting plate and the third collecting plate are arranged at intervals in a staggered manner.

Further, the second collecting plate is a partition plate without a cooling medium passage.

The porous structure of the porous conductive medium layer greatly enhances the mass transfer capacity of gas and greatly improves the uniformity of gas distribution, and the channel structure contained in the porous conductive medium layer can take away reaction heat in time, thereby ensuring the stable reaction of the fuel cell. The special treatment of the porous metal material also ensures the corrosion resistance and better cross-section contact conductivity of the porous metal material. The technical scheme of the invention has the basic functions of conveying reaction gas, conducting current, conducting reaction generated heat and discharging reaction generated water, and further can improve the concentration distribution uniformity of the reaction gas in the whole flow field, which is particularly important for large-scale fuel cells. The technical scheme of the invention also allows the isolating channel to be arranged on the collector plate and the cooling water to flow through, compared with the traditional heat exchange channel, the heat exchange effect is greatly improved because the chemical reaction heat from the membrane electrode can be rapidly transmitted through the porous metal layer.

Drawings

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings. The drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present disclosure, and other drawings may be derived from those drawings by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a plate structure in a modified embodiment of an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a process for fabricating a porous metal dielectric layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the invention.

In the figure: s1, a reaction gas conveying channel; s2, a cooling medium flowing space; 11. a collector plate; 12. a porous conductive medium layer; 21. a collector plate; 22. a porous conductive medium layer; 41. a collector plate; 42. a porous conductive medium layer; 43. a membrane electrode; 51. a collector plate; 52. a porous conductive medium layer; 53. a membrane electrode; 1. a first collector plate; 2. a first cathode porous conductive medium layer; 3. a first membrane electrode; 4. a first anode porous conductive medium layer; 5. a second collector plate; 6. a second cathode porous conductive medium layer; 7. a second membrane electrode; 8. a second anode porous conductive medium layer; 9. and a third collector plate.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The terminology used in the embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the examples of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and "a" and "an" generally include at least two, but do not exclude at least one, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

It is also noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a good or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such good or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a commodity or system that includes the element.

The invention adopts the specially-made porous conductive medium layer and the flow collecting plate, can improve the transmission capability when transmitting reaction gas, uniformly distributes the gas, well discharges reaction generated water, has better heat dissipation performance and has high-quality conductive capability. For better explaining the present invention, the fuel cells described in the following examples all use fuel cells using hydrogen and oxygen as redox reaction gases, and the reaction gases in the figures are only illustrative and are not limited to being charged on one side.