阅读说明：本技术 一种细长轴多刀渐进式车削机床 (Slender shaft multi-cutter progressive turning machine tool ) 是由 王晶东 许金凯 同乐 王佳琦 陈广俊 王深 戴槟 王茂旬 于 2021-09-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种细长轴多刀渐进式车削机床属于精密机械加工技术领域,抵消了加工中刀具对工件的单向力,消除了传统车床顶尖和加工中产生的离心力造成细长轴类工件的变形情况,同时解决了限制了工件的加工尺寸的技术问题。该机床包括：机床主体单元、多刀加工单元、左预紧力单元和右预紧力单元；左预紧力单元和右预紧力单元分布设置在机床主体单元的两端,并带动多刀加工单元延沿轴向往复运动；多刀加工单元设置在机床主体单元上,并在机床主体单元上往复运动,加工细长轴。传统车床主运动为工件旋转,而弱刚度微小细长轴在旋转时会产生离心力造成工件变形,本装置将车床的主运动从传统的工件旋转改良为了刀组旋转,避免了工件变形,提高了加工精度。(The utility model provides a slender axles multicut progressive turning lathe belongs to precision machinery processing technology field, has offset the one-way force of cutter to the work piece in the processing, has eliminated the deformation condition that the centrifugal force that produces in traditional lathe top and the processing caused slender axles class work piece, has solved the technical problem who has restricted the processing size of work piece simultaneously. The machine tool includes: the device comprises a machine tool main body unit, a multi-cutter machining unit, a left pre-tightening force unit and a right pre-tightening force unit; the left pre-tightening force unit and the right pre-tightening force unit are distributed at two ends of the machine tool main body unit and drive the multi-cutter machining unit to reciprocate along the axial direction; the multi-cutter processing unit is arranged on the machine tool main body unit and reciprocates on the machine tool main body unit to process the slender shaft. The main motion of the traditional lathe is workpiece rotation, the weak-rigidity tiny slender shaft can generate centrifugal force to cause workpiece deformation when rotating, the device improves the main motion of the lathe from the traditional workpiece rotation to the cutter set rotation, the workpiece deformation is avoided, and the machining precision is improved.)

1. A multiple-tool progressive turning machine for slender axles, characterized in that it comprises: the device comprises a machine tool main body unit, a multi-cutter machining unit, a left pre-tightening force unit and a right pre-tightening force unit; the left pre-tightening force unit and the right pre-tightening force unit are distributed at two ends of the machine tool main body unit, provide supporting force for the slender shaft, prevent the slender shaft from deforming, and drive the multi-cutter processing unit to reciprocate along the axial direction; the multi-cutter machining unit is arranged on the machine tool main body unit and reciprocates on the machine tool main body unit to machine the slender shaft.

2. An elongate shaft multi-tool progressive turning machine as claimed in claim 1 wherein the machine body unit comprises: the device comprises a base, a lead screw, a nut and a guide rail; the guide rail is arranged on the upper surface of the base; one end of the screw rod is connected with the left pre-tightening force unit, and the other end of the screw rod is connected with the right pre-tightening force unit after penetrating through the multi-tool machining unit; the nut is meshed with the lead screw and fixed on the multi-cutter processing unit.

3. An elongate shaft multiple-tool progressive turning machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the multiple-tool machining unit comprises: the device comprises a cutter set, a cutter cavity, a rotor, a stator, a shell, a spring, a bearing, a box body and a slide block; the knife group is arranged in the knife cavity; the rotor is fixedly connected with the cutter cavity, and two ends of the stator are fixed in the cavity of the shell through a bearing and a spring for providing axial pretightening force; after the stator is electrified, the rotor is driven by the stator to rotate, and the cutter set is driven to process the slender shaft; the cutter set, the cutter cavity, the rotor, the stator, the shell, the spring and the bearing are all installed in the box body, a sliding block is arranged at the bottom of the box body, and the sliding block is matched with the lead screw, the nut and the guide rail to enable the machining unit to move on the machine tool main body unit.

4. The machine tool of claim 3, wherein the tool set is composed of a plurality of sets of tool units connected in sequence.

5. An elongate shaft multi-tool progressive turning machine according to claim 4, wherein the tool unit comprises: the device comprises a turning tool, a pressing block, a pressing cover and a cutter ring; the turning tools are fixed on the upper surface of the cutter ring through the pressing block, the center of the pressing block is provided with a center hole, the center holes of the two turning tools are radially and symmetrically arranged, and the upper surface is packaged through a pressing cover; and the adjacent knife groups are connected with the bottom of the knife ring through the gland.

6. An elongate shaft multi-tool progressive turning machine as claimed in claim 1 or 2 comprising: the device comprises a left supporting seat, a left locking nut, a left pre-tightening flange bearing group, a workpiece clamp and a motor; the slender shaft is arranged in the workpiece clamp, and the left end of the slender shaft penetrates through the left locking nut; the workpiece clamp is arranged in the left pre-tightening flange bearing group, the left locking nut is arranged at the left end of the workpiece clamp, and the axial movement of the slender shaft is limited through the left pre-tightening flange bearing group and the left locking nut; the motor is connected with the lead screw; and the left locking nut, the left pre-tightening flange bearing group, the workpiece clamp and the motor are all arranged in the left supporting seat.

7. The machine tool of claim 1, wherein the right pretensioning unit comprises: the right supporting seat, the right end cover, the sliding block group, the spring, the workpiece clamp and the right locking nut; the workpiece clamp is arranged in the sliding block group; a spring for providing pre-tightening force parallel to the axial direction is arranged between the adjacent sliding blocks; and two ends of the sliding block group are clamped by a right end cover and a right locking nut.

8. The machine tool of claim 7, wherein the right locking nut has a through hole in the center.

9. The machine tool of claim 1, wherein in an initial state, the left end of the elongated shaft is fixed to the left pre-tightening force unit, the right end of the elongated shaft is connected to a steel wire rope, and the other end of the steel wire rope is fixed through the right pre-tightening force unit.

10. An elongate shaft multi-tool progressive turning machine as claimed in claim 3 wherein the housing is internally provided with a serpentine cooling tube.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of precision machining, and particularly relates to a slender shaft multi-cutter progressive turning machine tool.

Background

With the popularization of miniaturization and lightweight design concepts, the processing requirements of some tiny parts widely applied to industrial production and mechanical assembly are increasing, wherein a tiny slender shaft is the most typical tiny part. Turning is one of the most basic material-removing machining techniques and is the most widely used machining method for producing elongate shafts. However, the conventional turning technology is basically single-tool cutting when a slender shaft is machined, and the radial unidirectional force of a turning tool on the slender shaft means that the slender shaft is seriously deformed, so that the form and position accuracy is difficult to ensure;

because the rigidity of slender axles is poor, and the work piece can appear flagging phenomenon under the weight effect of self, the top clamping mode when conventional axle type was processed can produce axial jacking force, leads to slender axles work piece bending deformation to because traditional lathe is rotatory as the primary motion with the work piece, the centrifugal force of production can make the little slender axles take place to bend and influence the machining precision. Therefore, a novel clamping mode is urgently needed to meet the requirement of high-quality processing of the weak-rigidity tiny slender shaft. Meanwhile, due to the limitation, the length of the workpiece which can be processed by the common lathe when the slender shaft with weak rigidity is processed is limited, so that the processing size range of the workpiece is limited, and the processing efficiency of the slender shaft is reduced. In summary, currently, there are few efficient and high-quality processing equipment and processing methods for slender shafts with weak rigidity, and new processes and equipment are continuously developed in this field.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a multi-cutter progressive turning device which counteracts the one-way force of a cutter on a workpiece in the machining process, eliminates the deformation of a slender shaft workpiece caused by the center of a traditional lathe and the centrifugal force generated in the machining process, and solves the technical problem of limiting the machining size of the workpiece.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:

an elongate shaft multi-tool progressive turning machine, the machine comprising: the device comprises a machine tool main body unit, a multi-cutter machining unit, a left pre-tightening force unit and a right pre-tightening force unit; the left pre-tightening force unit and the right pre-tightening force unit are distributed at two ends of the machine tool main body unit, provide supporting force for the slender shaft, prevent the slender shaft from deforming, and drive the multi-cutter processing unit to reciprocate along the axial direction; the multi-cutter machining unit is arranged on the machine tool main body unit and reciprocates on the machine tool main body unit to machine the slender shaft.

Preferably, the machine tool main unit includes: the device comprises a base, a lead screw, a nut and a guide rail; the guide rail is arranged on the upper surface of the base; one end of the screw rod is connected with the left pre-tightening force unit, and the other end of the screw rod is connected with the right pre-tightening force unit after penetrating through the multi-tool machining unit; the nut is meshed with the lead screw and fixed on the multi-cutter processing unit.

Preferably, the multiple-blade machining unit includes: the device comprises a cutter set, a cutter cavity, a rotor, a stator, a shell, a spring, a bearing, a box body and a slide block; the knife group is arranged in the knife cavity; the rotor is fixedly connected with the cutter cavity, and two ends of the stator are fixed in the cavity of the shell through a bearing and a spring for providing axial pretightening force; after the stator is electrified, the rotor is driven by the stator to rotate, and the cutter set is driven to process the slender shaft; the cutter set, the cutter cavity, the rotor, the stator, the shell, the spring and the bearing are all installed in the box body, a sliding block is arranged at the bottom of the box body, and the sliding block is matched with the lead screw, the nut and the guide rail to enable the machining unit to move on the machine tool main body unit.

Preferably, the knife group is formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of groups of knife units.

Preferably, the knife unit includes: the device comprises a turning tool, a pressing block, a pressing cover and a cutter ring; the turning tools are fixed on the upper surface of the cutter ring through the pressing block, the center of the pressing block is provided with a center hole, the center holes of the two turning tools are radially and symmetrically arranged, and the upper surface is packaged through a pressing cover; and the adjacent knife groups are connected with the bottom of the knife ring through the gland.

Preferably, the left pretensioning unit comprises: the device comprises a left supporting seat, a left locking nut, a left pre-tightening flange bearing group, a workpiece clamp and a motor; the slender shaft is arranged in the workpiece clamp, and the left end of the slender shaft penetrates through the left locking nut; the workpiece clamp is arranged in the left pre-tightening flange bearing group, the left locking nut is arranged at the left end of the workpiece clamp, and the axial movement of the slender shaft is limited through the left pre-tightening flange bearing group and the left locking nut; the motor is connected with the lead screw; and the left locking nut, the left pre-tightening flange bearing group, the workpiece clamp and the motor are all arranged in the left supporting seat.

Preferably, the right pretensioning unit comprises: the right supporting seat, the right end cover, the sliding block group, the spring, the workpiece clamp and the right locking nut; the workpiece clamp is arranged in the sliding block group; a spring for providing pre-tightening force parallel to the axial direction is arranged between the adjacent sliding blocks; and two ends of the sliding block group are clamped by a right end cover and a right locking nut.

Preferably, a through hole is formed in the center of the right locking nut.

Preferably, in an initial state, the left end of the slender shaft is fixed to the left pre-tightening force unit, the right end of the slender shaft is connected with the steel wire rope, and the other end of the steel wire rope is fixed through the right pre-tightening force unit.

Preferably, the inside of the outer shell is provided with a serpentine cooling pipe.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the multiple cutter sets are progressively cut to enable the cutting amount to be balanced, the cutter units of different sizes are only required to be replaced according to actual needs in actual machining, one-time feeding can be achieved to finish cutting work, the progressive cutting enables the lathe to have the advantages that the cutting amount of a single cutter unit is small, the cutting amount of the whole cutter set is large, one-time machining forming can be achieved on the basis of single-lathe cutter micro cutting, and machining time is shortened.

2. The single-tool turning of the traditional lathe is replaced, the multiple tool sets are adopted for gradually turning the slender shaft type workpiece, the one-way force of the turning tool to the workpiece in the traditional machining process is eliminated, the condition that the workpiece is deformed and broken by the one-way force is effectively avoided, and the minimum machining shaft diameter of the lathe for the slender shaft is improved.

3. The main motion of the traditional lathe is workpiece rotation, the weak-rigidity tiny slender shaft can generate centrifugal force to cause workpiece deformation when rotating, the device improves the main motion of the lathe from the traditional workpiece rotation to the cutter set rotation, the dynamic unbalance characteristic of the workpiece caused by self non-uniformity is avoided, the dynamic deformation of the workpiece is reduced, and the processing precision is improved.

4. The top tip part on the traditional lathe is replaced by the pretightening force module, the pressure of the top tip on the workpiece is changed into the tensile force of a steel wire on the workpiece, the workpiece bending deformation condition generated in the clamping of the workpiece is effectively avoided, and the influence of the size deviation caused by the self weight of a part of the workpiece is eliminated. Further improves the processing precision and reduces the processing difficulty of the micro long shaft.

5. The length of a workpiece which can be machined on a traditional lathe is limited, the short shaft machining and the long shaft initial machining can be realized in the initial working state of the mechanism through steel wire traction, the multi-tool machining unit and the workpiece are moved to the right end of the guide rail together for next machining after the initial machining is finished, and the workpiece with any length can be machined theoretically. The processing period of the tiny parts is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a multiple-tool progressive turning machine for slender shafts according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a left pretension module of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a knife unit of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the knife unit of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a knife assembly according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of an elongated shaft multi-tool progressive turning machine according to the present invention in an initial working state;

FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the inventive knife block;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a right pretension module of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the housing and its internal serpentine cooling tube.

In the figure: 1. a stepping motor, 2, a motor connecting seat, 3, a left supporting seat, 4, a slender shaft, 5, a right supporting seat, 6, a sliding block, 7, a box bottom plate, 8, a box body, 9, a guide rail, 10, a marble base, 11, a screw nut, 12, a screw, 13, a left locking nut, 14, a left early warning flange bearing, 15, a left workpiece clamp, 16, a left early warning right flange bearing, 17, a turning tool, 18, a gland, 19, a cutter ring, 20, a pressing block, 21, a coupler, 22, a steel wire, 23, a locking nut, 24, a left end cover, 25, a left bearing sleeve, 26, a left bearing pair, 27, a copper sleeve, 28, a shell, 29, a stator, 30, a rotor, 31, a cutter cavity, 32, a right bearing sleeve, 33, a right end cover, 34, a cutter cavity end cover, 35, a bearing retainer ring, 36, a right bearing pair, 37, a pressure spring, 38, a cutter group, 39, a right early warning left end cover, 40 and a left sliding block, 41. spring base, 42, spring, 43, right slider, 44, right early warning lock nut, 45, right work holder and 46, sword unit.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

As shown in fig. 1, an elongated shaft multi-tool progressive turning machine includes: the device comprises a machine tool main body unit, a multi-cutter machining unit, a left pre-tightening force unit and a right pre-tightening force unit; the left pre-tightening force unit and the right pre-tightening force unit are distributed at two ends of the machine tool main body unit, provide supporting force for the slender shaft 4, prevent the slender shaft 4 from deforming, and drive the multi-cutter processing unit to reciprocate along the axial direction; the multi-cutter machining unit is arranged on the machine tool main body unit and reciprocates on the machine tool main body unit to machine the slender shaft 4.

Wherein the machine tool main unit includes: a marble base 10, a screw nut 11, a screw 12 and a guide rail 9; the guide rails 9 are arranged on the upper surface of the marble base 10 through screws; one end of the screw rod 12 is connected with the left pre-tightening force unit, and the other end of the screw rod is connected with the right pre-tightening force unit after penetrating through the multi-tool machining unit; the screw nut 11 is engaged with the screw 12 and fixed on the multi-cutter machining unit.

As shown in fig. 7, the multi-blade processing unit includes: the device comprises a sliding block 6, a box body bottom plate 7, a box body 8, a locking nut 23, a left end cover 24, a left bearing sleeve 25, a left bearing pair 26, a copper sleeve 27, a shell 28, a stator 29, a rotor 30, a cutter cavity 31, a right bearing sleeve 32, a right end cover 33, a cutter cavity end cover 34, a bearing retainer ring 35, a right bearing pair 36, a pressure spring 37 and a cutter set 38; the progressive cutting is performed by the cutter set 38 in which a plurality of cutter units 46 are sequentially connected end to end, and in each cutter unit 46, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, includes: a turning tool 17, a gland 18, a cutter ring 19 and a pressing block 20; the center of the pressing block 20 is provided with a center hole, two turning tools 18 which are opposite to the center hole in the radial direction are arranged on the upper surface of the cutter ring 20 through the pressing block 21, the stress balance of the slender shaft 4 in a plane vertical to the axis is ensured, the influence of unidirectional force is avoided, and then the pressing cover 19 is fixedly connected with the cutter ring 21; as shown in fig. 5, adjacent knife groups 38 are connected to the bottom of knife ring 19 through the gland 18.

A plurality of required cutter units 46 are sequentially arranged according to the cutting quantity increasing rule to form a cutter group 38, the cutter group 38 is arranged in the cutter cavity 31, the cutter cavity end cover 34 is covered, and the cutter cavity end cover 34 and the bearing retainer ring 35 are locked. The whole cutter set 38 completes one-time cutting with larger cutting amount on the basis that the single lathe cutter 17 bears smaller cutting amount. The rotor 30 is fixedly connected with the knife cavity 31, the rotor 30 is in contact with the electric brush on the stator 29, and when the electric brush is electrified, the knife cavity 31 and the knife group 38 inside the knife cavity are driven to rotate to finish the cutting action. The cutter cavity 31 is arranged in the right bearing sleeve 32 and fixed through a pair of right bearing pairs 36, eight uniformly distributed compression springs 37 parallel to the axial direction are arranged between the right bearing sleeve 32 and the right bearing pairs 36 to provide pretightening force, then the right end cover 33 and the right bearing sleeve 32 are fixed on the shell 28, the left bearing pair 26 is also arranged in the left bearing sleeve 25, and the assembly is completed by pressing the left end cover 24 in and locking the locking nut 23. The stator 29 is mounted on the housing 28 and finally the housing 28 is mounted in the box 8 by means of a copper jacket 27 as shown in figure 9, wherein a serpentine cooling channel is provided in the housing 28 to reduce the effect of temperature on the multiple-tool machining unit during machining.

The locking nut 23, the left end cover 24, the left bearing sleeve 25, the left bearing pair 26, the copper bush 27, the shell 28, the stator 29, the rotor 30, the cutter cavity 31, the right bearing sleeve 32, the right end cover 33, the cutter cavity end cover 34, the bearing retainer ring 35, the right bearing pair 36, the pressure spring 37 and the cutter group 38 are all arranged in the box body 8, the box body 8 is arranged on the upper surface of the box body base 7, the lower surface of the box body base 7 is arranged on the sliding block 6, the sliding block 6 is matched with the lead screw 12, the lead screw nut 11 and the guide rail 9, so that the multi-cutter machining unit is in reciprocating motion on the machine tool main unit during machining.

As shown in fig. 2, the left pretensioning unit comprises: the device comprises a stepping motor 1, a motor connecting seat 2, a left supporting seat 3, a left locking nut 13, a left pre-tightening flange bearing 14, a workpiece clamp 15, a left pre-tightening flange right bearing 16 and a coupler 21; the slender shaft 4 is arranged in the workpiece clamp 15, and the left end of the slender shaft passes through the left locking nut 13; the workpiece clamp 15 is arranged in the workpiece clamp, the left locking nut 13 is arranged at the left end of the workpiece clamp 15, and the axial movement of the slender shaft 4 is limited through the left locking nut 13, the left pre-tightening flange bearing 14 and the left pre-tightening flange right bearing 16; as shown in fig. 6, the stepping motor 1 is connected with the lead screw 12 through a coupling 21; the stepping motor 1, the motor connecting seat 2, the left pre-tightening flange bearing 14, the workpiece clamp 15, the left pre-tightening flange right bearing 16 and the coupling 21 are arranged in the left supporting seat 3. The stepping motor 1 drives a screw 12 to rotate, so that a screw nut 11 fixed on the box body 8 drives the multi-cutter processing unit to reciprocate along the guide rail 9 through a slide block 6.

As shown in fig. 8, the right pretensioning unit comprises: the device comprises a right support seat 5, a right end cover 39, a left slider 40, a spring base 41, a spring 42, a right slider 43, a right lock nut 44 and a right workpiece clamp 45; the right workpiece clamp 45 is arranged in the left slide block 40 and the right slide block 43; a spring 42 for providing axial parallel pretightening force is arranged between the left slider 40 and the right slider 43, and the spring 42 is installed through a spring base 41; the left slider 40 and the right slider 43 are clamped at both ends by a right end cap 39 and a right lock nut 44. Wherein, the right locking nut 44 is provided with a through hole in the center. In an initial state, the left end of the slender shaft 4 is fixed on the left pre-tightening force unit, the right end of the slender shaft 4 is connected with the steel wire rope 22, and the other end of the steel wire rope 22 is fixed through the right pre-tightening force unit.

Before the machining is started, the proper size and number of the cutter units 46 are selected according to the required machining size and are loaded into the cutter cavity 31 to finish the preparation work. Firstly, a slender shaft 4 is arranged on a left workpiece clamp 15 on a left pre-tightening force unit, the tail end of the other side of the slender shaft is connected to a right pre-tightening force unit through a steel wire 22, the slender shaft 4 is straightened to reduce the influence of gravity, and then a lathe is started for first processing; after the first processing is finished, the steel wire 22 on the right pre-tightening force unit is taken down, the slender shaft 4 and the multi-cutter processing unit are moved to the right side of the machine tool together, at the moment, the multi-cutter processing unit returns to the initial position again, the next processing can be continued, the coaxiality of the part to be processed in the next processing is provided by the part which is finished in the last processing, and the processing of the slender shaft 4 with any length can be finished on the basis of ensuring the coaxiality after the steps are repeated. The workpiece processed by the method can better meet the requirement of coaxiality, wherein the coaxiality is provided by the pulling force drawn by the steel wire 22 in the initial processing state, and the coaxiality is provided by the part already processed in the initial stage in the general processing state; meanwhile, the cutting amount is stably and progressively increased, and the influence of unidirectional force of the cutter and gravity of a workpiece is eliminated to a certain extent, so that the precision of the slender shaft is higher, the cutter set 38 has the advantage of large total cutting amount and small cutting amount of a single cutter, the large cutting amount can be finished by one-time processing, and the processing efficiency is improved.