阅读说明：本技术 一种小功率永磁同步电机控制器及控制方法 (Low-power permanent magnet synchronous motor controller and control method ) 是由 杨飞 杨正秋 于 2021-06-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了小功率永磁同步电机控制器及控制方法,控制器包括电源、单片机、电压检测、H桥驱动芯片。所述单片机与同步电机之间连接有H桥驱动芯片,所述H桥驱动芯片采用两组独立的SPWM信号分别控制同步电机两个线圈。所述H桥驱动芯片采用四组同步互补型PWM作为输出调制波,形成2组双极式SPWM信号,即在每组对应得半个正弦周期内只有上或下桥臂的开关管反复通断,在整个周期内,上下桥臂交替导通与关断,即上通下断,下通上断的状态反复切换；调节正弦波形周期的方式调节电机旋转速度,通过调节每个PWM的占空比调整输出电流大小,以控制电机扭力。本发明采用成熟的电子元件,降低了适用于小功率同步电机的变频器的生产成本,适于大规模推广。(The invention discloses a controller and a control method of a low-power permanent magnet synchronous motor. An H-bridge driving chip is connected between the single chip microcomputer and the synchronous motor, and the H-bridge driving chip respectively controls two coils of the synchronous motor by adopting two groups of independent SPWM signals. The H-bridge driving chip adopts four groups of synchronous complementary PWM as output modulation waves to form 2 groups of bipolar SPWM signals, namely, only the switching tubes of the upper bridge arm or the lower bridge arm are repeatedly switched on and off in each group corresponding to a half sine period, and the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm are alternately switched on and off in the whole period, namely, the states of the upper bridge arm, the lower bridge arm and the upper bridge arm are repeatedly switched; the rotating speed of the motor is adjusted by adjusting the sine wave period, and the output current is adjusted by adjusting the duty ratio of each PWM so as to control the torque force of the motor. The invention adopts mature electronic elements, reduces the production cost of the frequency converter suitable for the low-power synchronous motor and is suitable for large-scale popularization.)

1. A low-power permanent magnet synchronous motor controller is characterized in that: comprises a power supply, a singlechip, a voltage detection chip and an H-bridge driving chip,

the power supply is AC commercial power, the voltage of the AC commercial power is reduced to DC power with the voltage required by the DC speed reducing motor through a switching power supply circuit, a fuse is arranged between the power supply and the single chip microcomputer, an H bridge driving chip is connected between the single chip microcomputer and the synchronous motor, the H bridge driving chip adopts two groups of independent SPWM signals to respectively control two coils of the synchronous motor,

the H-bridge driving chip adopts four groups of synchronous complementary PWM as output modulation waves to form 2 groups of bipolar SPWM signals, namely, only the switching tubes of the upper bridge arm or the lower bridge arm are repeatedly switched on and off in each group corresponding to a half sine period, and the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm are alternately switched on and off in the whole period, namely, the states of the upper bridge arm, the lower bridge arm and the upper bridge arm are repeatedly switched; the rotating speed of the motor is adjusted by adjusting the sine wave period, the output current is adjusted by adjusting the duty ratio of each PWM to control the torque force of the motor,

the single chip receives control instructions through a wireless remote controller or keys, the control instructions comprise forward rotation, reverse rotation, starting and stopping, and correspondingly control the synchronous motor,

a current detection circuit is arranged between the H-bridge driving chip and the synchronous motor, the current detection circuit detects the current change of the synchronous motor, the current detection circuit is connected with a singlechip, the singlechip adjusts the rotating speed of the synchronous motor,

the single chip microcomputer is also connected with a voltage detection circuit and displays parameters through the OLED.

2. The controller of claim 1, wherein: the control instruction is received by a radio frequency receiving unit or a key unit, the radio frequency receiving unit receives signals of a remote controller, and the key unit is arranged between the power supply and the switch power supply circuit through a wire.

3. The controller of claim 1, wherein: the power supply is an alternating current power adapter with the voltage of 85-265V and is converted into a 24V direct current voltage source, a switching power supply circuit converts direct current 24V into 12V direct current, and the LDO voltage regulator reduces the 12V voltage to 5V.

4. The controller of claim 1, wherein: the single chip microcomputer is connected with the power failure detection circuit.

5. A control method for a low-power permanent magnet synchronous motor comprises the following steps:

s1, pressing any key except a 'brake' key to enter a setting mode during screen blacking;

s2, in a setting mode, the speed is reduced by 0.1Hz once by pressing the acceleration short button, the speed is reduced by more than 1S by pressing the long button, and the speed is reduced by 1Hz per second;

s3, under a setting mode, increasing the speed by 0.1Hz once according to the 'deceleration' short press, increasing the speed by more than 1S according to the long press, and increasing the speed by 1Hz every second;

s4, switching the steering by pressing a reverse motor in a setting mode;

s5, pressing a start/stop key in a setting mode, starting to rotate under the condition that the motor does not rotate, if the motor rotates, stopping the rotation of the motor in any mode, and under the condition of stopping the rotation, rotating the motor under the influence of external force;

s6, in the braking mode, the motor can continuously keep a certain resistance so as to ensure that the motor is braked and stopped at a certain position;

s7, the remote controller does not need to operate in a setting mode during control, and can operate at any time.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of motor control, and particularly relates to a controller and a control method of a low-power permanent magnet synchronous motor.

Background

Electric machines are the largest consumers in the field of electric power. According to a new analysis of the international energy agency, they account for about two thirds of industrial power consumption and about 45% of global power consumption. At present, in order to change the rotating speed according to the needs of actual conditions, the current high-power motors, such as motors with powers of hundreds of watts to tens of millions, are provided with frequency converters, and the rotating speed of the motors is controlled by the frequency converters. However, the frequency converter applied to the motor at present has a high cost, and the price is more than one hundred fifty yuan RMB in order to realize the stepless speed change and reverse rotation functions.

For a low-power synchronous motor, such as a motor with power of several watts to several tens of watts, such as a projection screen synchronous motor, an electric dining table driving motor and the like, the requirement of speed change can be met according to the use working condition, but the existing frequency converter is expensive.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is that the prior frequency converter is expensive and is not economical when being used for a low-power synchronous motor.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a controller of a low-power permanent magnet synchronous motor, which comprises a power supply, a singlechip, a voltage detection chip and an H-bridge driving chip,

the power supply is AC commercial power, the voltage of the AC commercial power is reduced to DC power with the voltage required by the DC speed reducing motor through a switching power supply circuit, a fuse is arranged between the power supply and the single chip microcomputer, an H bridge driving chip is connected between the single chip microcomputer and the synchronous motor, the H bridge driving chip adopts two groups of independent SPWM signals to respectively control two coils of the synchronous motor,

the H-bridge driving chip adopts four groups of synchronous complementary PWM as output modulation waves to form 2 groups of bipolar SPWM signals, namely, only the switching tubes of the upper bridge arm or the lower bridge arm are repeatedly switched on and off in each group corresponding to a half sine period, and the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm are alternately switched on and off in the whole period, namely, the states of the upper bridge arm, the lower bridge arm and the upper bridge arm are repeatedly switched. The rotating speed of the motor is adjusted by adjusting the sine wave period, the output current is adjusted by adjusting the duty ratio of each PWM to control the torque force of the motor,

the single chip receives control instructions through a wireless remote controller or keys, the control instructions comprise forward rotation, reverse rotation, starting and stopping, and correspondingly control the synchronous motor,

a current detection circuit is arranged between the H-bridge driving chip and the synchronous motor, the current detection circuit detects the current change of the synchronous motor, the current detection circuit is connected with a singlechip, the singlechip adjusts the rotating speed of the synchronous motor,

the single chip microcomputer is also connected with a voltage detection circuit and displays parameters through the OLED.

Furthermore, the control instruction is received by a radio frequency receiving unit or a key unit, the radio frequency receiving unit receives a signal of a remote controller, and the key unit is installed between the power supply and the switch power supply circuit through a wire.

Further, the power supply is an alternating current power adapter with the voltage of 85-265V and is converted into a 24V direct current voltage source, the switching power supply circuit changes direct current 24V into 12V direct current, and the LDO voltage regulator reduces the 12V voltage to 5V.

Further, the single chip microcomputer is connected with the power failure detection circuit.

Correspondingly, the control method of the low-power permanent magnet synchronous motor comprises the following steps:

s1, pressing any key except a 'brake' key to enter a setting mode during screen blacking.

S2, in the setting mode, the speed is reduced by 0.1Hz once by pressing the acceleration short button, the speed is reduced by more than 1S by pressing the long button, and the speed is reduced by 1Hz per second.

And S3, under the setting mode, pressing the speed to be reduced for one time, increasing the speed by 0.1Hz for a short time, pressing the speed for a long time by more than 1S, and increasing the speed by 1Hz per second.

And S4, switching the steering by pressing a reverse motor in the setting mode.

S5, pressing a start/stop key in a setting mode, starting to rotate under the condition that the motor does not rotate, if the motor rotates, stopping the rotation of the motor in any mode, and under the condition of stopping the rotation, rotating the motor under the influence of external force.

S6, in the braking mode, the motor can continuously keep a certain resistance so as to ensure that the motor is braked and stopped at a certain position.

S7, the remote controller does not need to operate in a setting mode during control, and can operate at any time.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention relates to a controller and a control method of a low-power permanent magnet synchronous motor, which adjust the rotation speed of the motor by adjusting the sine waveform period and adjust the output current by adjusting the duty ratio of each PWM so as to control the torque force of the motor. The invention has lower cost, adopts mature electronic elements, greatly reduces the production cost of the frequency converter suitable for the low-power synchronous motor, and is suitable for large-scale popularization.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an SPWM signal equivalent diagram of a controller of a low-power permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic connection diagram of a controller of a low-power PMSM according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an H-bridge driver chip of the controller for a low-power PMSM according to the present invention;

fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a single chip microcomputer of the low-power permanent magnet synchronous motor controller according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The details of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 2, a controller for a low-power permanent magnet synchronous motor includes a power supply, a single chip, a voltage detector, and an H-bridge driving chip.

The power is for exchanging the commercial power, and the process switching power supply circuit step-down does the required voltage's of direct current gear motor direct current, be provided with the fuse between power and the singlechip, be connected with H bridge driver chip between singlechip and the synchronous machine, H bridge driver chip adopts two sets of independent SPWM signals to control two coils of synchronous machine respectively.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the H-bridge driver chip uses four sets of synchronous complementary PWMs as output modulation waves to form 2 sets of bipolar SPWM signals, that is, only the switching tubes of the upper or lower bridge arms are repeatedly turned on and off in each set corresponding to a half sinusoidal cycle, and the upper and lower bridge arms are alternately turned on and off in the whole cycle, that is, the states of up-on and down-off, down-on and up-off are repeatedly switched. The rotating speed of the motor is adjusted by adjusting the sine wave period, and the output current is adjusted by adjusting the duty ratio of each PWM so as to control the torque force of the motor. The single chip microcomputer receives control instructions through a wireless remote controller or keys, and the control instructions comprise forward rotation, reverse rotation, starting and stopping, and correspondingly control the synchronous motor.

A current detection circuit is installed between the H-bridge driving chip and the synchronous motor and used for detecting current change of the synchronous motor, the current detection circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer adjusts the rotating speed of the synchronous motor. The single chip microcomputer is also connected with a voltage detection circuit and displays parameters through the OLED.

Furthermore, the control instruction is received by a radio frequency receiving unit or a key unit, the radio frequency receiving unit receives a signal of a remote controller, and the key unit is installed between the power supply and the switch power supply circuit through a wire.

Further, the power supply is an alternating current power adapter with the voltage of 85-265V and is converted into a 24V direct current voltage source, the switching power supply circuit changes direct current 24V into 12V direct current, and the LDO voltage regulator reduces the 12V voltage to 5V.

Further, the single chip microcomputer is connected with the power failure detection circuit.

Correspondingly, the control method of the low-power permanent magnet synchronous motor comprises the following steps:

s1, pressing any key except a 'brake' key to enter a setting mode during screen blacking.

S2, in the setting mode, the speed is reduced by 0.1Hz once by pressing the acceleration short button, the speed is reduced by more than 1S by pressing the long button, and the speed is reduced by 1Hz per second.

And S3, under the setting mode, pressing the speed to be reduced for one time, increasing the speed by 0.1Hz for a short time, pressing the speed for a long time by more than 1S, and increasing the speed by 1Hz per second.

And S4, switching the steering by pressing a reverse motor in the setting mode.

S5, pressing a start/stop key in a setting mode, starting to rotate under the condition that the motor does not rotate, if the motor rotates, stopping the rotation of the motor in any mode, and under the condition of stopping the rotation, rotating the motor under the influence of external force.

S6, in the braking mode, the motor can continuously keep a certain resistance so as to ensure that the motor is braked and stopped at a certain position.

S7, the remote controller does not need to operate in a setting mode during control, and can operate at any time.

The working principle of the invention is as follows:

aiming at the problem of variable frequency speed regulation of the alternating current permanent magnet synchronous motor, the controller equipment of the low-power permanent magnet synchronous motor uses 2 groups of independent SPWM signals to respectively control two coils of the motor, and has the advantages of simple system structure, stable speed regulation and high cost performance.

Four groups of synchronous complementary PWM are used as output modulation waves to form 2 groups of bipolar SPWM signals, namely, only upper (lower) bridge arms are used for repeatedly switching on and off a switching tube in each group corresponding to a half sine period, and the upper and lower bridge arms are alternately switched on and off in the whole period, namely, the states of upper on and lower off, lower on and upper off are repeatedly switched. The equivalent diagram is shown in fig. 1.

The design of the invention comprises the following functions:

1) displaying OLED parameters;

2) setting key parameters;

3) remote control adjustment;

4) regulating the rotating speed (corresponding to the frequency of 0.1 Hz-60 Hz);

5) adjusting torsion;

6) a motor braking function;

7) steering adjustment;

8) overcurrent and overvoltage protection;

9) motor locked-rotor protection;

10) and protecting short circuit and open circuit of the coil.

In conclusion, the invention adopts mature electronic elements, greatly reduces the production cost of the frequency converter suitable for the low-power synchronous motor, and is suitable for large-scale popularization.

The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical spirit and features of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto but may be implemented by those skilled in the art.