阅读说明：本技术 具有可控吸能力的吸能器、转向管柱总成及使用方法 (Energy absorber with controllable absorption capacity, steering column assembly and using method ) 是由 梁敬府 于 2021-10-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明揭示了一种具有可控吸能力的吸能器、转向管柱总成及使用方法,所述吸能器包括钢带总成和起爆器总成,所述钢带总成包括相互贴合的内吸能钢带和外吸能钢带,且所述外吸能钢带位于所述内吸能钢带的外侧,所述外吸能钢带的第二端设有卡口；所述起爆器总成包括固定在所述下护管上的起爆器壳体,内置于所述起爆器壳体内的移动件和对所述移动件始终施压使其外露于所述起爆器壳体的弹性件,所述移动件与所述卡口可选择地连接。本发明设置起爆器总成来可选择地与外吸能钢带进行瞬时连接或分离,以调节钢带的刚性大小,扩大吸能器整体的吸能力范围,确保转向管柱可以根据不同的撞击力进行溃缩,来最大程度保证驾驶员的安全。(The invention discloses an energy absorber with controllable absorption capacity, a steering column assembly and a using method, wherein the energy absorber comprises a steel belt assembly and an initiator assembly, the steel belt assembly comprises an inner energy absorption steel belt and an outer energy absorption steel belt which are mutually attached, the outer energy absorption steel belt is positioned on the outer side of the inner energy absorption steel belt, and a second end of the outer energy absorption steel belt is provided with a bayonet; the initiator assembly comprises an initiator shell fixed on the lower protective tube, a moving piece arranged in the initiator shell and an elastic piece which is used for always pressing the moving piece to enable the moving piece to be exposed out of the initiator shell, and the moving piece is selectively connected with the bayonet. The invention is provided with the detonator assembly to be selectively and instantaneously connected or separated with the external energy absorption steel belt so as to adjust the rigidity of the steel belt, expand the whole energy absorption range of the energy absorber, ensure that the steering column can be collapsed according to different impact forces and furthest ensure the safety of a driver.)

1. Energy absorber with controllable suction capacity, its characterized in that: the steel belt assembly comprises an inner energy absorption steel belt (6) and an outer energy absorption steel belt (7) which are both of U-shaped structures, the inner energy absorption steel belt (6) and the outer energy absorption steel belt (7) are arranged in a tightly attached mode, the outer energy absorption steel belt (7) is located on the outer side of the inner energy absorption steel belt (6), two ends of the inner energy absorption steel belt (6) are respectively provided with a first positioning hole (601) and a second positioning hole (602) which are fixedly connected with an upper protective pipe (8) and a lower protective pipe (9) of a steering system respectively, a third positioning hole (701) which is fixedly connected with the upper protective pipe (8) is arranged at the first end of the outer energy absorption steel belt (7), a bayonet (702) is arranged at the second end of the outer energy absorption steel belt, and the first positioning hole (601) and the third positioning hole (701) are coaxially arranged; the initiator assembly comprises an initiator shell fixed on the lower protective tube (9), a moving piece arranged in the initiator shell and an elastic piece (4) which is used for always pressing the moving piece to expose the moving piece out of the initiator shell, and the moving piece is connected with the bayonet (702); the detonator shell is internally provided with a detonating material, the detonator shell is provided with an ignition electrode (5) of the detonating material, the ignition electrode (5) detonates the detonating material after being electrified to generate air pressure which is opposite to the pressure direction of the elastic piece (4) and is greater than the pressure of the elastic piece (4), and then the moving piece is separated from the bayonet (702).

2. The energy absorber of claim 1, wherein: the detonator shell is formed by fixedly connecting an enclosure (1) and a shell (2) together, a hollow accommodating cavity (100) is formed in the detonator shell, a T-shaped pin (3) serving as the moving element is arranged in the accommodating cavity (100), one side of an end part (301) of the pin (3) is abutted with the elastic element (4), the accommodating cavity (100) on the other side of the end part (301) is filled with the detonating material, and in an initial state, the pin (3) is pushed by the pressure of the elastic element (4) to enable the tip of the pin (3) to extend out of a shaft hole (101) of the enclosure (1); in a second state, the ignition electrode (5) is electrified to detonate the initiation material, the gas pressure generated by the initiation material acts on the end part (301), and the pin (3) is pushed to move after overcoming the elasticity of the elastic piece (4).

3. The energy absorber of claim 2, wherein: the capsule (1) and the shell (2) are connected into a whole through interference fit, a groove (102) for avoiding the ignition electrode (5) is formed in the side wall of the capsule (1), and an exhaust hole (201) is formed in the top end of the shell (2).

4. The energy absorber of claim 2, wherein: the elastic piece (4) is a spring, and the initiation material is gunpowder.

5. Steering column assembly, its characterized in that: the energy absorber comprises a protective pipe assembly, a steering shaft assembly and an energy absorber with controllable absorption capacity, wherein the steering shaft assembly is arranged in the protective pipe assembly, the protective pipe assembly comprises an upper protective pipe (8) and a lower protective pipe (9) which are sleeved with each other and can move axially relative to each other, and the energy absorber with controllable absorption capacity comprises a steel belt assembly and an initiator assembly; the steel belt assembly comprises an inner energy absorption steel belt (6) and an outer energy absorption steel belt (7) which are both in U-shaped structures, the inner energy absorption steel belt and the outer energy absorption steel belt are arranged in a close fit manner, and the outer energy absorption steel belt (7) is positioned on the outer side of the inner energy absorption steel belt (6); one end of the inner energy absorption steel belt (6) is fixedly connected with the upper protective pipe (8) through a first positioning hole (601), the other end of the inner energy absorption steel belt is fixedly connected with the lower protective pipe (9) through a second positioning hole (602), the first end of the outer energy absorption steel belt (7) is fixedly connected with the upper protective pipe (8) through a third positioning hole (701), the other end of the outer energy absorption steel belt is provided with a bayonet (702), and the first positioning hole (601) and the third positioning hole (701) are coaxially arranged; the initiator assembly comprises an initiator shell fixed on the lower protective tube (9), a moving piece arranged in the initiator shell and an elastic piece (4) which is used for always pressing the moving piece to expose the moving piece out of the initiator shell, and the moving piece is connected with the bayonet (702); the detonator shell is internally provided with a detonating material, the detonator shell is provided with an ignition electrode (5) of the detonating material, the ignition electrode (5) detonates the detonating material after being electrified to generate air pressure which is opposite to the pressure direction of the elastic piece (4) and is greater than the pressure of the elastic piece (4), and then the moving piece is separated from the bayonet (702).

6. The steering column assembly of claim 5, wherein: the detonator shell is formed by fixedly connecting an enclosure (1) and a shell (2) together, a hollow accommodating cavity (100) is formed in the detonator shell, a T-shaped pin (3) serving as the moving element is arranged in the accommodating cavity (100), one side of an end part (301) of the pin (3) is abutted with the elastic element (4), the accommodating cavity (100) on the other side of the end part (301) is filled with the detonating material, and in an initial state, the pin (3) is pushed by the pressure of the elastic element (4) to enable the tip of the pin (3) to extend out of a shaft hole (101) of the enclosure (1); in a second state, the ignition electrode (5) is electrified to detonate the initiation material, the gas pressure generated by the initiation material acts on the end part (301), and the pin (3) is pushed to move after overcoming the elasticity of the elastic piece (4).

7. The steering column assembly of claim 5, wherein: the initiator assembly is replaced by an electromagnet and at least comprises an electromagnet shell fixed on the lower protective tube (9) and a moving shaft arranged in the electromagnet shell, and the moving shaft is connected with the bayonet (702) after extending out; the electromagnet is energized to selectively disengage the movable shaft from the bayonet (702).

8. Use of a steering column assembly according to claim 5 or 6, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, receiving a collision signal;

s2, judging the strength of the collision signal;

s3, selecting the energy absorption force of the energy absorber according to the strength of the collision signal, and controlling the upper protective pipe (8) to contract into the lower protective pipe (9) in a protective manner.

9. The method of using a steering column assembly according to claim 8, wherein: in step S2, the "determining the strength of the collision signal" is based on the speed or the collision force at the time of the collision, and the strength includes two gears, namely, a weak gear or a strong gear.

10. The method of using a steering column assembly according to claim 8, wherein: in the step S3, selecting the magnitude of the energy absorption force of the energy absorber according to the strength of the collision signal specifically includes that, when the collision signal is judged to belong to a weak gear, the ignition electrode (5) ignites and detonates the initiation material to generate an air pressure which is opposite to the pressure direction of the elastic member (4) and is greater than the pressure of the elastic member (4), so that the moving member is disengaged from the bayonet (702), and only the inner energy absorption steel belt (6) has an energy absorption function; and when the collision signal is judged to belong to a strong gear, the inner energy absorption steel belt (6) and the outer energy absorption steel belt (7) have an energy absorption function at the same time.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of automobile safety, in particular to an energy absorber with controllable absorption capacity, a steering column assembly and a using method.

Background

The automobile steering column energy absorption device can play a good energy absorption role in the automobile collision process, so as to achieve the effect of protecting a driver, such as a tear panel, an injection structure device and the like, for example, as disclosed in Chinese patents CN202021325784.2 and CN 201320802038.1. At present, the energy absorption size of an automobile energy absorption device is often fixed in design, the structure, the size and the performance of the energy absorption capacity are not selectable, when an automobile collides, although the automobile can play an energy absorption role, the size of the energy absorption capacity cannot be selected according to the severity of the collision, the effect of the energy absorption device cannot exert the best energy absorption effect, certain potential safety hazards exist, and therefore how to select the energy absorption capacity with different sizes according to the severity of the collision is the problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides an energy absorber with controllable absorption capacity, a steering column assembly and a using method.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the energy absorber with controllable absorption capacity comprises a steel belt assembly and an initiator assembly, wherein the steel belt assembly comprises an inner energy absorption steel belt and an outer energy absorption steel belt which are both U-shaped structures, the inner energy absorption steel belt and the outer energy absorption steel belt are arranged in a tightly attached mode, the outer energy absorption steel belt is located on the outer side of the inner energy absorption steel belt, two ends of the inner energy absorption steel belt are respectively provided with a first positioning hole and a second positioning hole which are fixedly connected with an upper protective pipe and a lower protective pipe of a steering system respectively, a first end of the outer energy absorption steel belt is provided with a third positioning hole which is fixedly connected with the upper protective pipe, a second end of the outer energy absorption steel belt is provided with a bayonet, and the first positioning hole and the third positioning hole are coaxially arranged; the initiator assembly comprises an initiator shell fixed on the lower protective tube, a moving piece arranged in the initiator shell and an elastic piece which is used for always pressing the moving piece to expose the moving piece out of the initiator shell, and the moving piece is connected with the bayonet; the detonator shell is internally provided with an initiation material, the initiator shell is provided with an ignition electrode of the initiation material, the ignition electrode detonates the initiation material after being electrified to generate air pressure which is opposite to the pressure direction of the elastic piece and is greater than the pressure of the elastic piece, and then the moving piece is separated from the bayonet.

Preferably, the initiator casing is formed by fixedly connecting an enclosure and a shell together, a hollow accommodating cavity is formed in the initiator casing, a T-shaped pin serving as the moving member is arranged in the accommodating cavity, one side of the end of the pin is abutted with the elastic member, the accommodating cavity on the other side of the end is filled with the initiation material, and in an initial state, the pin is pushed by the pressure of the elastic member to enable the tip of the pin to extend out of the shaft hole of the enclosure; in a second state, the ignition electrode is electrified to detonate the initiation material, and the gas pressure generated by the initiation material acts on the end part to overcome the elasticity of the elastic part and push the pin to move.

Preferably, the capsule and the shell are connected into a whole through interference fit, a groove for avoiding the ignition electrode is formed in the side wall of the capsule, and an exhaust hole is formed in the top end of the shell.

Preferably, the elastic member is a spring, and the initiation material is gunpowder.

The steering column assembly comprises a protective tube assembly, a steering shaft assembly and an energy absorber with controllable absorption capacity, wherein the steering shaft assembly is arranged in the protective tube assembly, the energy absorber with controllable absorption capacity comprises an upper protective tube and a lower protective tube which are sleeved with each other and can move axially relative to each other, the energy absorber with controllable absorption capacity comprises a steel band assembly and an initiator assembly, the steel band assembly comprises an inner energy absorption steel band and an outer energy absorption steel band which are both in U-shaped structures, the inner energy absorption steel band and the outer energy absorption steel band are arranged in a tightly attached mode, the outer energy absorption steel band is located on the outer side of the inner energy absorption steel band, one end of the inner energy absorption steel band is fixedly connected with the upper protective tube through a first positioning hole, the other end of the inner energy absorption steel band is fixedly connected with the lower protective tube through a second positioning hole, the first end of the outer energy absorption steel band is fixedly connected with the upper protective tube through a third positioning hole, the other end of the outer energy absorption steel band is provided with a bayonet, and the first positioning hole and the third positioning hole are coaxially arranged; the initiator assembly comprises an initiator shell fixed on the lower protective tube, a moving piece arranged in the initiator shell and an elastic piece which is used for always pressing the moving piece to expose the moving piece out of the initiator shell, and the moving piece is connected with the bayonet; the detonator shell is internally provided with an initiation material, the initiator shell is provided with an ignition electrode of the initiation material, the ignition electrode detonates the initiation material after being electrified to generate air pressure which is opposite to the pressure direction of the elastic piece and is greater than the pressure of the elastic piece, and then the moving piece is separated from the bayonet.

Preferably, the initiator casing is formed by fixedly connecting an enclosure and a shell together, a hollow accommodating cavity is formed in the initiator casing, a T-shaped pin serving as the moving member is arranged in the accommodating cavity, one side of the end of the pin is abutted with the elastic member, the accommodating cavity on the other side of the end is filled with the initiation material, and in an initial state, the pin is pushed by the pressure of the elastic member to enable the tip of the pin to extend out of the shaft hole of the enclosure; in a second state, the ignition electrode is electrified to detonate the initiation material, and the gas pressure generated by the initiation material acts on the end part to overcome the elasticity of the elastic part and push the pin to move.

Preferably, the initiator assembly is replaced by an electromagnet and at least comprises an electromagnet shell fixed on the lower protective tube and a moving shaft arranged in the electromagnet shell, and the moving shaft is connected with the bayonet after extending out; the electromagnet is electrified to enable the movable shaft to be selectively disengaged from the bayonet.

The use method of the steering column assembly comprises the following steps:

s1, receiving a collision signal;

s2, judging the strength of the collision signal;

s3, selecting the energy absorption force of the energy absorber according to the strength of the collision signal, and controlling the upper protective pipe to contract into the lower protective pipe in a protective manner.

Preferably, in step S2, the "determining the strength of the collision signal" is based on the vehicle speed or the collision force at the time of the collision, and the strength includes two gears, namely, a weak gear and a strong gear.

Preferably, in step S3, the step of selecting the magnitude of the energy absorption of the energy absorber according to the strength of the collision signal includes that when the collision signal is judged to belong to a weak gear, the ignition electrode ignites and detonates the initiation material to generate an air pressure which is opposite to the pressure direction of the elastic member and greater than the pressure of the elastic member, so that the moving member is disengaged from the bayonet, and only the inner energy absorption steel band has an energy absorption function; and when the collision signal is judged to belong to a strong gear, the inner energy absorption steel belt and the outer energy absorption steel belt have an energy absorption function at the same time.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the energy absorber selectively connected with the external energy absorption steel belt is arranged to adjust the rigidity of the steel belt, and when the impact force is large or the vehicle speed is high, the energy absorber is connected with the external energy absorption steel belt, so that the internal and external energy absorption steel belts are effective at the same time, and the steel belt is ensured to have high rigidity bearing; when the impact force is small or the vehicle speed is slow, the energy absorbing device is separated from the outer energy absorbing steel belt, only the inner energy absorbing steel belt is effective, and the steel belt has small rigid bearing;

2. the energy absorber adopts the detonator as the energy absorber, and the pin is quickly protruded or retracted by detonating the detonating material in the detonator, so that the aim of controlling the connection or separation between the pin and the external energy absorbing steel belt is fulfilled.

Drawings

The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the accompanying drawings as follows:

FIG. 1: a schematic view of an energy absorber;

FIG. 2: a schematic of an initiator assembly;

FIG. 3: a cross-sectional view of the initiator assembly;

FIG. 4: an explosive schematic of the initiator assembly;

FIG. 5: a schematic view of a steering column assembly;

FIG. 6: a cross-sectional view of the steering column assembly;

FIG. 7: an enlarged view of portion a in fig. 6.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments shown in the drawings. These embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and structural, methodical, or functional changes that may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art in light of these embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.

In the description of the schemes, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the embodiment, the operator is used as a reference, and the direction close to the operator is a proximal end, and the direction away from the operator is a distal end.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present invention discloses an energy absorber with controllable absorption capacity, which includes a steel belt assembly and an initiator assembly, wherein the steel belt assembly includes an inner energy absorption steel belt 6 and an outer energy absorption steel belt 7 both having U-shaped structures, the two steel belts are disposed in close contact with each other, the outer energy absorption steel belt 7 is located outside the inner energy absorption steel belt 6, two ends of the inner energy absorption steel belt 6 are respectively provided with a first positioning hole 601 and a second positioning hole 602 for respectively fixedly connecting with an upper protection pipe 8 and a lower protection pipe 9 of a steering system, a first end of the outer energy absorption steel belt 7 is provided with a third positioning hole 701 for fixedly connecting with the upper protection pipe 8, a second end of the outer energy absorption steel belt 7 is provided with a bayonet 702, and the first positioning hole 601 and the third positioning hole 701 are coaxially disposed; the initiator assembly comprises an initiator shell fixed on the lower protective tube 9, a moving part arranged in the initiator shell and an elastic part 4 which is used for always pressing the moving part to expose the moving part out of the initiator shell, and the moving part is connected with the bayonet 702; the detonator shell is internally provided with a detonating material, the detonator shell is provided with an ignition electrode 5 of the detonating material, the ignition electrode 5 detonates the detonating material after being electrified to generate air pressure which is opposite to the pressure direction of the elastic part 4 and is greater than the pressure of the elastic part 4, and then the moving part is separated from the bayonet 702.

The energy absorber is arranged to be selectively connected with an external energy absorbing steel belt 7 to adjust the rigidity of the steel belt, and the working principle is as follows: when the impact force is large or the vehicle speed is high, the energy absorbing steel belt is connected with the external energy absorbing steel belt 7, so that the internal energy absorbing steel belt 6 and the external energy absorbing steel belt 7 are effective at the same time, and the steel belt has double rigidity of the internal energy absorbing steel belt 6 and the external energy absorbing steel belt 7 at the same time, so that the steel belt can have high rigidity bearing capacity; when the impact force is small or the vehicle speed is slow, the energy absorber is separated from the outer energy absorption steel belt 7, the outer energy absorption steel belt 7 fails, the steel belt only has the rigidity of the inner energy absorption steel belt 6, so that the steel belt has small rigid bearing capacity, the structure arrangement enlarges the whole energy absorption range of the energy absorber, ensures that the steering column can be crumpled when the impact is small or large, realizes the maximization of the whole energy absorption effect of the energy absorber, and furthest ensures the safety of a driver.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an initiator assembly is selected as a control structure selectively connectable to a steel band, specifically, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the initiator casing is formed by fixedly connecting an enclosure 1 and a housing 2 together, a hollow accommodating cavity 100 is formed inside the initiator casing, a T-shaped pin 3 serving as the moving member is disposed in the accommodating cavity 100, one side of an end 301 of the pin 3 abuts against the elastic member 4, the accommodating cavity 100 on the other side of the end 301 is filled with the initiation material, and in an initial state, the pin 3 is pushed by the pressure of the elastic member 4 to extend a tip of the pin 3 from a shaft hole 101 of the enclosure 1; in the second state, the ignition electrode 5 is powered on to detonate the initiating material, and the gas pressure generated by the initiating material acts on the end part 301 to overcome the elasticity of the elastic element 4 and push the pin 3 to move.

Further, the capsule 1 and the shell 2 are connected into a whole through interference fit, the side wall of the capsule 1 is provided with a groove 102 for avoiding the ignition electrode 5, and the top end of the shell 2 is provided with an exhaust hole 201. The interference fit enables no additional structure to be added between the enclosure 1 and the casing 2, the structure, volume and weight of the initiator assembly can be reduced as much as possible, and the manufacturing cost is saved. Of course, the enclosure 1 and the housing 2 may be fixed by clamping, gluing, or other suitable fixing means.

The resilient member 4 in the initiator assembly is preferably a spring and the initiation material is preferably gunpowder. Of course, in other possible embodiments, the elastic element 4 may be another elastic connecting element, and the initiating material may be another material with a transient explosive effect.

As shown in fig. 1 and 7, a first inner energy absorption straight portion 603 of the inner energy absorption steel strip 6 is longer than a first outer energy absorption straight portion 703 of the outer energy absorption steel strip 7, and a second inner energy absorption straight portion 604 of the inner energy absorption steel strip 6 is as long as and attached to a second outer energy absorption straight portion 704 of the outer energy absorption steel strip 7.

The end part of the first inner energy absorption straight line part 603 close to the first outer energy absorption straight line part 703 is provided with a first convex part 605 which protrudes outwards, so that the inner energy absorption steel belt 6 is bent to a certain extent, and the energy absorption capacity of the inner energy absorption steel belt is enhanced. The first inner energy absorption straight line portion 603 is provided with a position avoiding hole 607 coaxially opposite to the second positioning hole 602, so that the installation is convenient.

As shown in fig. 5 to 7, the present invention further discloses a steering column assembly, which comprises a protective tube assembly, a steering shaft assembly (not shown in the figures) arranged in the protective tube assembly, and an energy absorber with controllable absorption capacity, wherein the protective tube assembly comprises an upper protective tube 8 and a lower protective tube 9 which are sleeved with each other and can move relatively to the axial direction, the energy absorber with controllable absorption capacity comprises a steel strip assembly and an initiator assembly, the steel strip assembly comprises an inner energy absorption steel strip 6 and an outer energy absorption steel strip 7 which are both in a U-shaped structure, the inner energy absorption steel strip 6 and the outer energy absorption steel strip 7 are arranged in a close contact manner, the outer energy absorption steel strip 7 is positioned at the outer side of the inner energy absorption steel strip 6, one end of the inner energy absorption steel strip 6 is fixedly connected with the upper protective tube 8 through a first positioning hole 601, the other end of the inner energy absorption steel strip is fixedly connected with the lower protective tube 9 through a second positioning hole 602, the first end of the outer energy absorption steel strip 7 is fixedly connected with the upper protective tube 8 through a third positioning hole 701, the other end is provided with a bayonet 702, and the first positioning hole 601 and the third positioning hole 701 are coaxially arranged; the initiator assembly comprises an initiator shell fixed on the lower protective tube 9, a moving part arranged in the initiator shell and an elastic part 4 which is used for always pressing the moving part to expose the moving part out of the initiator shell, and the moving part is connected with the bayonet 702; the detonator shell is internally provided with a detonating material, the detonator shell is provided with an ignition electrode 5 of the detonating material, the ignition electrode 5 detonates the detonating material after being electrified to generate air pressure which is opposite to the pressure direction of the elastic part 4 and is greater than the pressure of the elastic part 4, and then the moving part is separated from the bayonet 702.

The shell of the initiator is formed by fixedly connecting an enclosure 1 and a shell 2 together, a hollow accommodating cavity 100 is formed in the shell, a T-shaped pin 3 serving as the moving part is arranged in the accommodating cavity 100, one side of the end part 301 of the pin 3 is abutted with the elastic part 4, the accommodating cavity 100 on the other side of the end part 301 is filled with the initiation material, and in an initial state, the pin 3 is pushed by the pressure of the elastic part 4 to enable the tip of the pin 3 to extend out of a shaft hole 101 of the enclosure 1; in the second state, the ignition electrode 5 is powered on to detonate the initiating material, and the gas pressure generated by the initiating material acts on the end part 301 to overcome the elasticity of the elastic element 4 and push the pin 3 to move.

In the preferred embodiment, an initiator assembly is used as the energy absorber, the pin 3 protrudes or retracts rapidly by detonating the initiation material in the initiator assembly, so that the purpose of controlling the connection or separation between the pin 3 and the external energy absorption steel belt 7 is achieved, the initiator assembly enables the pin 3 to retract into a transient action, the energy absorber can rapidly cope with the impact, the driver is prevented from being injured due to the collapse failure of the steering column, and the safety of the energy absorber is improved.

In other possible embodiments, the energy absorber with controllable absorption capacity can also be composed of a steel belt and other control mechanisms which can be instantly connected with or separated from the steel belt, for example, the initiator assembly is replaced by an electromagnet (not shown in the figure), the electromagnet at least comprises an electromagnet shell fixed on the lower protective tube 9 and a moving shaft arranged in the electromagnet shell, and the moving shaft is connected with the bayonet 702 after being extended; the electromagnet is energized to selectively disengage the movable shaft from the bayonet 702.

The use method of the steering column assembly comprises the following steps:

s1, receiving a collision signal;

s2, judging the strength of the collision signal; the 'judging the strength degree of the collision signal' is distinguished according to the vehicle speed or the collision force at the collision moment, and the strength degree comprises two gears which are respectively a weak gear or a strong gear. The vehicle speed or impact force is a threshold value set in the vehicle main controller.

And S3, selecting the energy absorption force of the energy absorber according to the strength of the collision signal, and controlling the upper protective pipe 8 to contract into the lower protective pipe 9 in a protective manner. Specifically, when the collision signal is judged to belong to a weak gear, the ignition electrode 5 ignites and detonates the initiation material to generate air pressure which is opposite to the pressure direction of the elastic piece 4 and larger than the pressure of the elastic piece 4, so that the moving piece can be selectively separated from the bayonet 702, and only the inner energy absorption steel belt 6 has an energy absorption function; and when the collision signal is judged to belong to a strong gear, the inner energy absorption steel belt 6 and the outer energy absorption steel belt 7 have an energy absorption function at the same time.

It should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment contains only a single technical solution, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should make the description as a whole, and the technical solutions in the embodiments can also be combined appropriately to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.