阅读说明：本技术 一种应用于光伏巴士的三轴支架系统及其控制方法 (Triaxial bracket system applied to photovoltaic bus and control method thereof ) 是由 徐云彤 陈国初 于 2021-08-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种应用于光伏巴士的三轴支架系统及其控制方法,三轴支架系统用于支撑光伏板,包括控制器、驱动机构、光线检测模块和三根伸缩杆；控制器连接驱动机构和光线检测模块,光线检测模块用于检测太阳光线的入射角度,驱动机构用于调节伸缩杆的伸缩量,控制器生成控制信号并发送至驱动机构；伸缩杆的底端固定连接至巴士的车顶,伸缩杆的顶端与光伏板的底部可转动连接。与现有技术相比,本发明通过三根伸缩杆支撑光伏板并改变光伏板的角度,力学稳定性好,能应对极端环境,而且光伏板角度的实时调节使得太阳光始终直射光伏板,有效提升了光电转化效率,经济效益大大提升。(The invention relates to a three-axis bracket system applied to a photovoltaic bus and a control method thereof, wherein the three-axis bracket system is used for supporting a photovoltaic panel and comprises a controller, a driving mechanism, a light ray detection module and three telescopic rods; the controller is connected with the driving mechanism and the light ray detection module, the light ray detection module is used for detecting the incident angle of solar rays, the driving mechanism is used for adjusting the telescopic amount of the telescopic rod, and the controller generates a control signal and sends the control signal to the driving mechanism; the bottom end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the roof of the bus, and the top end of the telescopic rod is rotatably connected with the bottom of the photovoltaic panel. Compared with the prior art, the photovoltaic panel supporting device has the advantages that the photovoltaic panel is supported by the three telescopic rods, the angle of the photovoltaic panel is changed, the mechanical stability is good, the extreme environment can be met, sunlight always directly irradiates the photovoltaic panel by adjusting the angle of the photovoltaic panel in real time, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is effectively improved, and the economic benefit is greatly improved.)

1. A three-axis support system applied to a photovoltaic bus is used for supporting a photovoltaic panel and is characterized by comprising a controller (1), a driving mechanism (2), a light detection module (3) and three telescopic rods;

the controller (1) is connected with the driving mechanism (2) and the light detection module (3), the light detection module (3) is used for detecting the incident angle of solar rays, the driving mechanism (2) is used for adjusting the telescopic amount of the telescopic rod, and the controller (1) generates a control signal and sends the control signal to the driving mechanism (2);

the bottom end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the roof of the bus, and the top end of the telescopic rod is rotatably connected with the bottom of the photovoltaic panel.

2. The triaxial bracket system applied to a photovoltaic bus of claim 1, wherein the top end of the telescopic rod is rotatably connected with the bottom of the photovoltaic panel through a universal joint.

3. The three-axis support system applied to the photovoltaic bus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the driving mechanism (2) comprises three stepping motors, each stepping motor corresponds to a telescopic rod, each telescopic rod comprises a sleeve and a threaded rod, the sleeve is connected to the bottom of the photovoltaic panel, a thread matched with the threaded rod is arranged in the sleeve, the threaded rod is meshed with an output shaft of the stepping motor, and the rotation of the output shaft of the stepping motor drives the threaded rod to rotate in or out of the sleeve.

4. The triaxial bracket system applied to a photovoltaic bus according to claim 1, wherein the light detection module (3) comprises a post (301) and a light sensor, and the projection of the post (301) under the sun's rays falls on the light sensor.

5. The triaxial stent system applied to a photovoltaic bus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the light sensor comprises 8S 1133 silicon photocells (302), and the 8S 1133 silicon photocells (302) are uniformly distributed circumferentially around the post (301).

6. The triaxial bracket system applied to a photovoltaic bus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the light detection module (3) is installed on the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel and is parallel to the photovoltaic panel.

7. The triaxial bracket system applied to the photovoltaic bus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an upper computer (4) and a communication module (5), wherein the controller (1) is in communication connection with the upper computer (4) through the communication module (5), and the upper computer (4) is provided with an operation key for controlling the driving mechanism (2).

8. The triaxial rack system applied to a photovoltaic bus according to claim 7, wherein the communication module (5) is a Zigbee module.

9. The triaxial bracket system applied to a photovoltaic bus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller (1) is a 51-chip microcomputer with a built-in power-on reset program, and the controller (1) is further provided with a manual reset button.

10. A control method for controlling a triaxial carriage system applied to a photovoltaic bus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:

s1, acquiring longitude and latitude information of the location of the bus and current time information;

s2, calculating the altitude and azimuth of the sun based on the longitude and latitude information and the time information;

s3, controlling a driving mechanism (2) by a controller (1) based on the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the sun, and adjusting the stretching amount of three telescopic rods by the driving mechanism (2) respectively to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel to an initial position;

s4, controlling the driving mechanism (2) to respectively adjust the stretching amount of the three telescopic rods based on the incident angle of the sunlight obtained by the light detection module (3) through the controller (1), enabling the sunlight to directly irradiate the photovoltaic panel, and repeating the steps until the photovoltaic power generation is stopped.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of solar photovoltaic supports, in particular to a triaxial support system applied to a photovoltaic bus and a control method thereof.

Background

The solar energy is an environment-friendly renewable novel energy source, and has great practical significance on how to make full use of the solar energy, and research on the use of the photovoltaic panel in the bus is gradually increased in recent years, but the photovoltaic panel can be used little by little, so that the solar energy has great significance on the development of the photovoltaic panel on the top of the bus. The research on the photovoltaic bus at home and abroad is also successive in recent years, a reasonable photovoltaic power generation system is very important for the operation of the bus, and due to the influence of latitudes of various regions and the particularity of the bus, the design of a photovoltaic bracket system and a control mode thereof in the photovoltaic system is particularly important.

In photovoltaic power generation, different forms of supports can affect the amount of solar radiation received by the photovoltaic module. The existing support system is mainly controlled by double shafts, the sun tracking can be well completed by the double shaft control, and the control algorithm is simple to realize; the support system adopts the fixed mounting mode, and the photovoltaic electroplax also has a position in east-west direction, can not change with ground one fixed angle promptly.

The double-shaft support has the defects that the movement and deflection of the photovoltaic panel can be controlled only through the transverse support shaft in the middle of the photovoltaic panel, and due to the special operation of the bus, the bus is easy to vibrate or even overturn when the weather condition is severe or the wind power is large. The fixed installation type solar panel has the defects that the solar rays cannot be perpendicular to the surface of the panel at all times, so that the illumination intensity of the panel is greatly reduced, and the utilization rate of solar energy is very low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a three-axis support system applied to a photovoltaic bus and a control method thereof.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

a three-axis bracket system applied to a photovoltaic bus is used for supporting a photovoltaic panel and comprises a controller, a driving mechanism, a light detection module and three telescopic rods;

the controller is connected with the driving mechanism and the light ray detection module, the light ray detection module is used for detecting the incident angle of solar rays, the driving mechanism is used for adjusting the telescopic amount of the telescopic rod, and the controller generates a control signal and sends the control signal to the driving mechanism;

the bottom end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the roof of the bus, and the top end of the telescopic rod is rotatably connected with the bottom of the photovoltaic panel.

Preferably, the top end of the telescopic rod is rotatably connected with the bottom of the photovoltaic panel through a universal joint.

Preferably, the driving mechanism comprises three stepping motors, each stepping motor corresponds to a telescopic rod, each telescopic rod comprises a sleeve and a threaded rod, the sleeves are connected to the bottoms of the photovoltaic panels, threads matched with the threaded rods are arranged in the sleeves, the threaded rods are meshed with output shafts of the stepping motors, and the threaded rods are driven to be screwed into or out of the sleeves by rotation of the output shafts of the stepping motors, so that the length of the telescopic rods is changed; the controller sends out pulse signal, controls the rotational speed and the direction of step motor output shaft to the extension or shorten the telescopic link.

Preferably, 1 plane is confirmed to 3 points in the space geometry, and 3 telescopic links are connected to the bottom of photovoltaic board, and the different contained angles are personally submitted with the level to the combination of 3 different lengths of telescopic link messenger photovoltaic board, and photovoltaic board pivoted angular range is 0 ~ 360 under ideal condition.

Preferably, the light detection module comprises a marker post and a light sensor, and the projection of the marker post under the sunlight falls on the light sensor.

Preferably, the light sensor comprises 8S 1133 silicon photocells, and the 8S 1133 silicon photocells are uniformly distributed around the standard rod in the circumferential direction.

Preferably, the projection of the marker post changes along with the angle change of the sunlight, so that the projection covers the light sensors at different positions, the sizes of the shadows falling on the light sensors are different, and the incident angle of the sunlight can be determined by acquiring the electronic current signals output by the light sensors.

Preferably, the light detection module is installed on the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel and is parallel to the photovoltaic panel.

Preferably, the device further comprises an upper computer and a communication module, the controller is in communication connection with the upper computer through the communication module, and an operation key for controlling the driving mechanism is arranged on the upper computer.

Preferably, the communication module is a Zigbee module. Compared with Bluetooth communication, the Zigbee module has very low power consumption, is low in duty ratio when applied to a photovoltaic bus, has the service life which is several times that of Bluetooth equipment under the same condition, and also provides data integrity checking and authentication functions, so that the communication safety can be ensured even if individual equipment exists.

Preferably, the controller is a 51-chip microcomputer, a power-on reset program is arranged in the controller, and a manual reset button is further arranged on the controller.

A control method for controlling a triaxial carriage system applied to a photovoltaic bus as described above, comprising the steps of:

s1, acquiring longitude and latitude information of the location of the bus and current time information;

s2, calculating the altitude and azimuth of the sun based on the longitude and latitude information and the time information;

s3, controlling a driving mechanism by the controller based on the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the sun, and adjusting the stretching amount of three telescopic rods by the driving mechanism respectively to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel to an initial position;

s4, controlling the driving mechanism to respectively adjust the stretching amount of the three telescopic rods by the controller based on the incident angle of the solar rays obtained by the ray detection module, so that the solar rays directly irradiate the photovoltaic panel, and repeating the steps until the photovoltaic power generation is stopped.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) support the photovoltaic board and change the angle of photovoltaic board through three telescopic links, mechanical stability is good, can deal with extreme environment, and the real-time regulation of photovoltaic board angle makes the sunlight penetrate the photovoltaic board directly all the time moreover, has effectively promoted photoelectric conversion efficiency, and economic benefits promotes greatly.

(2) The light ray detection module is provided with a plurality of light ray sensors and a marker post, the incident angle of the solar light ray is determined according to the projection position and the projection range of the marker post on the light ray sensors, the cost is low, the sensitivity is high, and the principle is simple and easy to realize.

(3) The telescopic link includes sleeve and threaded rod, and step motor's output shaft and threaded rod meshing, the rotation of step motor's output shaft drives threaded rod screw in or screws out the sleeve to change the length of telescopic link, step motor is according to the one-step operation of pulse number, thereby the flexible of control telescopic link that can the high accuracy, adjust more accurately.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a three-axis mounting system;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a light detecting module;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a control method;

reference numerals: 1. the device comprises a controller, 2, a driving mechanism, 3, a light detection module, 301, a mark post, 302, an S1133 silicon photocell, 4, an upper computer, 5 and a communication module.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. This embodiment will explain the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

In the drawings, structurally identical elements are represented by like reference numerals, and structurally or functionally similar elements are represented by like reference numerals throughout the several views. The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated, and the present invention is not limited to the size and thickness of each component. Parts are exaggerated in the drawing where appropriate for clarity of illustration.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like, refer to the orientation or positional relationship as shown in the drawings, or as conventionally placed in use of the product of the application, or as conventionally understood by those skilled in the art, and are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the present application.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.

Example 1:

a three-axis bracket system applied to a photovoltaic bus is used for supporting a photovoltaic panel and comprises a controller 1, a driving mechanism 2, a light detection module 3 and three telescopic rods, wherein the three telescopic rods are arranged in the controller 1; the controller 1 is connected with the driving mechanism 2 and the light ray detection module 3, the light ray detection module 3 is used for detecting the incident angle of solar rays, the driving mechanism 2 is used for adjusting the telescopic amount of the telescopic rod, and the controller 1 generates a control signal and sends the control signal to the driving mechanism 2; the bottom fixed connection of telescopic link to the roof of bus, the top of telescopic link and the bottom rotatable coupling of photovoltaic board, in this embodiment, the bottom rotatable coupling of universal joint and photovoltaic board is passed through to the top of telescopic link.

The driving mechanism 2 comprises three stepping motors, each stepping motor corresponds to a telescopic rod, each telescopic rod comprises a sleeve and a threaded rod, the sleeves are connected to the bottoms of the photovoltaic panels, threads matched with the threaded rods are arranged in the sleeves, the threaded rods are meshed with output shafts of the stepping motors, and the threaded rods are driven to be screwed in or out of the sleeves by rotation of the output shafts of the stepping motors, so that the length of the telescopic rods is changed; the controller 1 sends out a pulse signal to control the rotating speed and the direction of an output shaft of the stepping motor, so that the telescopic rod is extended or shortened.

When the stepping motor receives a pulse signal, it rotates a fixed angle (called as "step angle") according to the set direction, and its rotation runs step by step at the fixed angle, and can control the angular displacement by controlling the number of pulses, so as to achieve the purpose of accurate positioning. The motion of photovoltaic board is realized through step motor to the flexible of telescopic link. Through angle calculation, the position offset is converted into the number of control pulses, and the position control of the photovoltaic panel can be realized.

Compared with a double-shaft support, the mechanical stability of the three-shaft support is better, the stress required to be borne by the photovoltaic panel is reduced, the stability of the photovoltaic system in the face of extreme weather can be improved, and the operation of the photovoltaic bus is facilitated.

Because 1 plane is confirmed to 3 points in the space geometry, 3 telescopic links are connected to the bottom of photovoltaic board, and the different contained angles are personally submitted with the level to the combination of 3 different lengths of telescopic link messenger photovoltaic board, and photovoltaic board pivoted angular range is 0 ~ 360 under ideal condition. Therefore, controller 1 generates 3 groups of pulse signals, sends to each step motor respectively, changes the length of each telescopic link respectively to adjust the photovoltaic board to suitable angle and position.

In practical application, because the length of the telescopic rod is limited, the photovoltaic panel cannot rotate by 360 degrees, and a plurality of photovoltaic panels are installed on the bus roof, and the actual rotating angle range of each photovoltaic panel is designed according to a control algorithm and actual needs by considering the three-axis support system of each photovoltaic panel.

As shown in fig. 2, the light detection module 3 includes a post 301 and a light sensor, and a projection of the post 301 under the sun light falls on the light sensor. The light sensor comprises 8 pieces of S1133 silicon photocells 302, and the 8 pieces of S1133 silicon photocells 302 are uniformly distributed around the standard rod 301 in a circumferential manner.

The projection of the post 301 under the sun's rays falls on the light sensor. In this embodiment, the light sensor includes 8S 1133 silicon photocells 302, and has a small size and high sensitivity.

The projection of the marker post 301 changes along with the angle change of the solar ray, so that the projection covers different positions of the light ray sensor, and the shadow size is different, therefore, the incident angle of the solar ray can be determined by acquiring an electron flow signal output by the light ray sensor, the marker can be the marker of the S1133 silicon photocell 302 in practical application, an angle model is preset, and after the electron flow signal sent by the light ray sensor at the current moment is received, the incident angle of the solar ray is directly determined according to which S1133 silicon photocell 302 the signal comes from and the size of the signal.

The light ray detection module 3 is arranged on the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel and is parallel to the photovoltaic panel, and the photovoltaic power generation is basically not influenced due to the small size of the light ray sensor.

Because the electron flow signal generated by the light sensor is weak, in order to enhance the detection precision of the light, the light sensor is connected with a preamplification circuit, an active filter circuit and the like in the embodiment, and the detected signal is subjected to denoising and amplification processing to obtain an easily recognized signal so as to be analyzed.

The three-axis support system further comprises an upper computer 4 and a communication module 5, the controller 1 is in communication connection with the upper computer 4 through the communication module 5, and an operation key used for controlling the driving mechanism 2 is arranged on the upper computer 4. When the device is used in a real vehicle, a worker or a bus driver can manually adjust the three-axis support system through the upper computer 4, and can also check the working state of the current three-axis support system (such as the rotation angle of the animation demonstration photovoltaic panel, the incident angle of solar rays and the like) on the upper computer 4.

The communication module 5 is a Zigbee module. Compared with Bluetooth communication, the Zigbee module has very low power consumption, is low in duty ratio when applied to a photovoltaic bus, has the service life which is several times that of Bluetooth equipment under the same condition, and also provides data integrity checking and authentication functions, so that the communication safety can be ensured even if individual equipment exists.

The controller 1 is a 51 single chip microcomputer, a power-on reset program is arranged in the controller 1, a manual reset button is further arranged on the controller 1, and the two reset modes are combined, so that the use is convenient, and the test and the debugging are also convenient.

A control method for controlling a three-axis gantry system, as shown in fig. 3, comprising the steps of:

s1, acquiring longitude and latitude information of the location of the bus and current time information;

s2, calculating the altitude and azimuth of the sun based on the longitude and latitude information and the time information;

s3, the controller 1 controls the driving mechanism 2 based on the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the sun, the driving mechanism 2 respectively adjusts the stretching amount of the three telescopic rods, and the angle of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted to the initial position;

s4, the controller 1 controls the driving mechanism 2 to adjust the stretching amount of the three telescopic rods respectively based on the incident angle of the sunlight obtained by the light detection module 3, so that the sunlight directly irradiates the photovoltaic panel, and the steps are repeated until the photovoltaic power generation is stopped.

The method comprises the steps of firstly, calculating the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the sun by utilizing time and longitude and latitude information of the location of a bus so as to determine the position of the sun, initially adjusting three telescopic rods in a three-axis bracket system, and adjusting the angle of a photovoltaic panel to the initial position.

The light ray information of the current sunlight is collected by the light ray detection module 3, then the light signal is converted into an electric signal through amplification, A/D conversion and the like, the controller 1 controls the driving mechanism 2 according to the received light ray information, the telescopic rod is finely adjusted, and the sunlight is accurately positioned and tracked, so that the sun directly irradiates the photovoltaic panel all the time, and the maximum electro-optic conversion rate is obtained.

A reasonable photovoltaic power generation system is very important to the operation of a bus, the requirement for the operation of the bus can be well met, the optimal position of a photovoltaic panel is calculated in real time according to the position of the sun, the incident direction of actual light and the like, three telescopic rods are adjusted through a driving mechanism 2, the sun is guaranteed to be directly irradiated to the photovoltaic panel all the time, the maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained, the overall power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system is improved, the economical efficiency and the environmental protection performance of the photovoltaic bus are further improved, and the photovoltaic power generation system has great practical significance to the stability and the economy of the photovoltaic bus.

A plurality of photovoltaic panels are installed on the roof of the photovoltaic bus, the angle of each photovoltaic panel is controlled by various three-axis support systems, and the height and the angle of each photovoltaic panel are reasonably set, so that the mutual influence among the photovoltaic panels can be reduced, and the solar energy utilization rate is improved. The bus roof can be approximately regarded as a point for the sun, and in order to reduce the cost, the light detection module 3 can be arranged on one photovoltaic panel on the bus roof, and all the photovoltaic panels carry out angle adjustment according to the detection result of the light detection module 3.

The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.