阅读说明：本技术 一种螺旋铣削方法 (Spiral milling method ) 是由 夏峰 于 2021-09-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种螺旋铣削方法,包括步骤：S1、操作刀具快速定位到加工孔中心处；S2、操作刀具快速定位到加工孔上方5mm安全高度；S3、操作刀具以直线进给到加工孔端面处操作；S4、操作刀具直线进给切削到加工孔所要求直径处；S5、重复n次呼叫螺旋铣削子程序,并跳转至螺旋铣削子程序；S6、操作刀具直线进给切削到加工孔中心处；S7、操作刀具快速定位到加工孔上方5mm安全高度；S8、操作刀具快速返回到设备原点；S9、操作结束回到螺旋铣削主程序起始位置。本发明通过重复修改可以快速调整加工总深度,通过对每次下刀深度的修改来调整加工孔壁的粗糙度,满足加工直径要求的公差等级需求,通用性能好,无需定制非标刀具,削减刀具成本,操作快捷。(The invention discloses a spiral milling method, which comprises the following steps: s1, operating the cutter to quickly locate the center of the machining hole; s2, operating the cutter to quickly position to a safe height of 5mm above the machining hole; s3, operating the cutter to linearly feed to the end face of the machined hole; s4, operating the cutter to linearly feed and cut to the diameter required by the machining hole; s5, repeating the calling spiral milling subprogram for n times, and jumping to the spiral milling subprogram; s6, operating the cutter to linearly feed and cut to the center of the machining hole; s7, operating the cutter to quickly position to a safe height of 5mm above the machining hole; s8, operating the cutter to quickly return to the original point of the equipment; and S9, ending the operation and returning to the initial position of the main program of the spiral milling. The invention can rapidly adjust the total processing depth by repeated modification, adjust the roughness of the processed hole wall by modifying the depth of each cutting, meet the tolerance grade requirement of the processing diameter requirement, have good general performance, do not need to customize non-standard cutters, reduce the cutter cost and operate rapidly.)

1. A spiral milling method comprises a spiral milling main program and a spiral milling subprogram, and is characterized in that:

defining 00001% as a main program zone bit of a main program of the spiral milling, identifying the main program zone bit and executing the main program of the spiral milling, and the method comprises the following steps:

s1, operating the cutter to be quickly positioned at the center of the machining hole, and defining the cutter to be N01G 00G 90G 54X 0 YO;

s2, operating the cutter to be quickly positioned to a safety height of 5mm above the machining hole, and defining the safety height as N02G 00G 43H 1Z 5, wherein the cutter radius compensation G41 is H1;

s3, operating the cutter to linearly feed to the end face of the machined hole, and defining the cutter as N03G 01Z 0;

s4, operating the cutter to cut to the required diameter of the machined hole in a straight-line feeding mode, wherein the diameter is defined as N04 GO 1G 91G 41D 1X-A YO, and the cutter radius compensation G41 is D1;

s5, repeating the calling of the spiral milling subprogram for n times, jumping to the spiral milling subprogram, defining 00002% as a subprogram zone bit of the spiral milling subprogram, identifying the subprogram zone bit and executing the rotary milling subprogram;

s6, operating the cutter to cut to the center of the machining hole in a straight-line feeding mode, wherein the center of the machining hole is defined as N06G 01G 91X + A Y0;

s7, operating the cutter to be quickly positioned to a safety height of 5mm above the machining hole, and defining the safety height as N07G 0G 90Z 5;

s8, operating the cutter to quickly return to the original point of the equipment, and defining the operation as N08 GO G91G 30X 0 YO ZO;

and S9, returning to the initial position of the main program of the spiral milling after the operation is finished, and defining the initial position as M30.

2. A helical milling method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in S5, repeating the calling the spiral milling subroutine n times, and jumping to the spiral milling subroutine, defining 00002% as the subroutine flag of the spiral milling subroutine, identifying the subroutine flag, and executing the spiral milling subroutine, including the steps of:

s51, operating the cutter to rotate clockwise by a radius A at the same time in three axes, and performing spiral cutting in the direction of cutting depth Z1 each time, wherein the spiral cutting is defined as N01G 91G 02G 41D 1 IA ZB;

and S52, returning to the program position with the line number N06 of the main program of the spiral milling after the operation is finished, and defining the program position as M99.

3. A helical milling method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in S4, S6, and S51, a = (D0-D)/2, where a rotation radius is D0 is the machining hole diameter, and D is the tool diameter.

4. A helical milling method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in S5, n = Z/Z1, where n is the number of times the helical milling subroutine is performed, Z is the depth of the machined hole, and Z1 is the amount of cutting per pass.

5. A helical milling method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in S51, B = Z1, wherein B is the total cut and Z1 is the per cut.

6. A helical milling method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in S1-S8, S51, S52, N01-N08 are program row numbers; m99 is that the spiral milling subprogram is finished and returns to the spiral milling main program; m30 is the end of the main program for helical milling and reset.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of machining of mechanical parts by a numerical control lathe, in particular to a spiral milling method.

Background

At present, in the machining process of hole CNC samples with nominal size smaller than D10 and tolerance bandwidth smaller than 0.02mm or small batch of less than 100 pieces, if a boring cutter is adopted for machining, the small boring cutter generally needs to be imported with a high-precision boring cutter under the condition of ensuring cutting rigidity, and the price is very high. If the non-standard reamer is used for machining, the order period of the non-standard cutter is long, and the cutter cost is also wasted because the general cutter manufacturers need to support 3 orders for machining samples and small batches of less than 100 cutters.

Therefore, in the prior art, a common hard alloy milling cutter is generally adopted to be processed through 3D software programming, and the defects are as follows: 1: firstly, when the size of a programmed program is adjusted, the programmed program is copied into a computer through a U disk or a CF card every time for modification, and then the modified program is imported into a CNC equipment control system, so that the process is complicated; secondly, since the program is transmitted to the CNC device through the U disk or the CF card, the U disk or the CF card needs to be frequently subjected to anti-virus treatment, which causes great inconvenience to practical production in a workshop and affects the cutting efficiency of the workshop.

Therefore, it is desired to provide a helical milling method to solve the existing problems.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a spiral milling method which comprises the following steps of, the total depth of machining can be quickly adjusted through repeated modification, the roughness of the machined hole wall can be adjusted through modifying the depth of each cutting, the increase of the repeated times is realized by adjusting and reducing the depth of the cutting, the cutter is layered more, the better roughness of the processing surface can be obtained, the tolerance grade requirement of the processing diameter requirement can be met by modifying the compensation of the rotating radius, the universal performance is better, the space for selecting the cutter is greatly improved, the non-standard cutter does not need to be customized, the finished product of sample manufacture is saved, the cost of the cutter is reduced, for ordinary technicians in the technical field, programming and parameter modification are directly carried out in the CNC system, so that the method is convenient and quick, and does not occupy the memory of the CNC system.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

the spiral milling method comprises a spiral milling main program and a spiral milling subprogram, wherein 00001% of the mark bit of the main program is defined as the mark bit of the main program of the spiral milling, the mark bit of the main program is identified, and the main program of the spiral milling is executed, and the method comprises the following steps:

s1, operating the cutter to be quickly positioned at the center of the machining hole, and defining the cutter to be N01G 00G 90G 54X 0 YO;

s2, operating the cutter to be quickly positioned to a safety height of 5mm above the machining hole, and defining the safety height as N02G 00G 43H 1Z 5, wherein the cutter radius compensation G41 is H1;

s3, operating the cutter to linearly feed to the end face of the machined hole, and defining the cutter as N03G 01Z 0;

s4, operating the cutter to cut to the required diameter of the machined hole in a straight-line feeding mode, wherein the diameter is defined as N04 GO 1G 91G 41D 1X-A YO, and the cutter radius compensation G41 is D1;

s5, repeating the calling of the spiral milling subprogram for n times, jumping to the spiral milling subprogram, defining 00002% as a subprogram zone bit of the spiral milling subprogram, identifying the subprogram zone bit and executing the rotary milling subprogram;

s6, operating the cutter to cut to the center of the machining hole in a straight-line feeding mode, wherein the center of the machining hole is defined as N06G 01G 91X + A Y0;

s7, operating the cutter to be quickly positioned to a safety height of 5mm above the machining hole, and defining the safety height as N07G 0G 90Z 5;

s8, operating the cutter to quickly return to the original point of the equipment, and defining the operation as N08 GO G91G 30X 0 YO ZO;

and S9, returning to the initial position of the main program of the spiral milling after the operation is finished, and defining the initial position as M30.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the further technical scheme that:

further, in S5, the method repeats the calling the spiral milling subroutine n times, jumps to the spiral milling subroutine, defines 00002% as the subroutine flag of the spiral milling subroutine, identifies the subroutine flag, and executes the spiral milling subroutine, including the steps of:

s51, operating the cutter to rotate clockwise by a radius A at the same time in three axes, and performing spiral cutting in the direction of cutting depth Z1 each time, wherein the spiral cutting is defined as N01G 91G 02G 41D 1 IA ZB;

and S52, returning to the program position with the line number N06 of the main program of the spiral milling after the operation is finished, and defining the program position as M99.

Further, in S4, S6, and S51, a = (D0-D)/2, where a rotation radius is D0 is the machining hole diameter, and D is the tool diameter.

Further, in S5, n = Z/Z1, where n is the number of times the spiral milling subroutine is performed, Z is the depth of the machined hole, and Z1 is the amount of cutting per pass.

Further, in S51, B = Z1, where B is the total cut amount and Z1 is the cut amount per time.

Further, in S1-S8, S51 and S52, N01-N08 are program row numbers; m99 is that the spiral milling subprogram is finished and returns to the spiral milling main program; m30 is the end of the main program for helical milling and reset.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the spiral milling method comprises a spiral milling main program and a spiral milling subprogram, wherein the mark bit of the main program is identified and the spiral milling main program is executed, and the method comprises the following steps: firstly, operating a cutter to quickly position to the center of a processing hole; secondly, operating a cutter to quickly position to a safe height of 5mm above the machined hole; thirdly, operating the cutter to linearly feed to the end face of the machined hole; fourthly, operating a cutter to linearly feed and cut to the position with the diameter required by the processing hole; fifthly, calling the spiral milling subprogram repeatedly n times, and skipping to execute the spiral milling subprogram; sixthly, operating a cutter to linearly feed and cut to the center of the machining hole; seventhly, operating the cutter to quickly position to a safe height of 5mm above the machined hole; eighthly, operating the cutter to quickly return to the original point of the equipment; the ninth step, the operation is finished and the initial position of the main program of the spiral milling is returned, the total processing depth can be quickly adjusted by repeating the modification for n times, the roughness of the processed hole wall can be adjusted by modifying the depth of the lower cutter each time, the increase of the repetition times is realized by adjusting and reducing the depth of the lower cutter, the more the cutter layers are, and the better roughness of the processed surface can be obtained;

the spiral milling method can meet the tolerance grade requirement of the machining diameter requirement by modifying the compensation of the rotating radius, has better general performance, and can greatly improve the space for selecting the cutter by only changing the diameter of the milling cutter and adjusting the cutter radius compensation in the main spiral milling program and the sub spiral milling program no matter how large holes are machined, without customizing a non-standard cutter, thereby saving a sample manufacturing finished product and reducing the cost of the cutter;

third, for the ordinary technicians in the technical field using the programming method of the invention, the programming and parameter modification can be directly carried out in the CNC numerical control system without using 3D software and a computer, the spiral milling method is convenient and fast, and the memory of the CNC numerical control system is not occupied under the condition of generating more characters compared with the software programming.

The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the main program of the helical milling according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the helical milling subroutine of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is one of the tool motion profiles of the general embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a second schematic diagram of a tool motion trajectory in accordance with a general embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a tool motion trajectory according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The invention may be embodied in other different forms, i.e. it is capable of various modifications and changes without departing from the scope of the invention as disclosed.

Example 1:

the embodiment is a spiral milling movement process of a cutter after the execution program of the invention runs, and is a general implementation of the invention:

a helical milling method, as shown in fig. 1-4, including a helical milling main program and a helical milling subprogram, wherein 00001% is defined as a main program flag of the helical milling main program, the main program flag is identified and the helical milling main program is executed, the method includes the following steps:

s1, operating the cutter to be quickly positioned at the center of the machining hole, and defining the cutter to be N01G 00G 90G 54X 0 YO;

s2, operating the cutter to be quickly positioned to a safety height of 5mm above the machining hole, and defining the safety height as N02G 00G 43H 1Z 5, wherein the cutter radius compensation G41 is H1;

s3, operating the cutter to linearly feed to the end face of the machined hole, and defining the cutter as N03G 01Z 0;

s4, operating the cutter to cut to the required diameter of the machined hole in a straight-line feeding mode, wherein the diameter is defined as N04 GO 1G 91G 41D 1X-A YO, and the cutter radius compensation G41 is D1;

s5, repeating the calling of the spiral milling subprogram for n times, jumping to the spiral milling subprogram, defining 00002% as a subprogram zone bit of the spiral milling subprogram, identifying the subprogram zone bit and executing the rotary milling subprogram;

s6, operating the cutter to cut to the center of the machining hole in a straight-line feeding mode, wherein the center of the machining hole is defined as N06G 01G 91X + A Y0;

s7, operating the cutter to be quickly positioned to a safety height of 5mm above the machining hole, and defining the safety height as N07G 0G 90Z 5;

s8, operating the cutter to quickly return to the original point of the equipment, and defining the operation as N08 GO G91G 30X 0 YO ZO;

and S9, returning to the initial position of the main program of the spiral milling after the operation is finished, and defining the initial position as M30.

In S5, repeating the calling the spiral milling subroutine n times, and jumping to the spiral milling subroutine, defining 00002% as the subroutine flag of the spiral milling subroutine, identifying the subroutine flag, and executing the spiral milling subroutine, including the steps of:

s51, operating the cutter to rotate clockwise by a radius A at the same time in three axes, and performing spiral cutting in the direction of cutting depth Z1 each time, wherein the spiral cutting is defined as N01G 91G 02G 41D 1 IA ZB;

and S52, returning to the program position with the line number N06 of the main program of the spiral milling after the operation is finished, and defining the program position as M99.

In S4, S6, and S51, a = (D0-D)/2, where a rotation radius is D0 is the machining hole diameter, and D is the tool diameter.

In S5, n = Z/Z1, where n is the number of times the helical milling subroutine is performed, Z is the depth of the machined hole, and Z1 is the amount of cutting per pass.

In S51, B = Z1, wherein B is the total cut and Z1 is the per cut.

In S1-S8, S51, S52, N01-N08 are program row numbers; m99 is that the spiral milling subprogram is finished and returns to the spiral milling main program; m30 is the end of the main program for helical milling and reset.

Example 2:

this example is an actual processing case, and the operation of the present invention is explained again: as shown in fig. 5;

setting parameters:

diameter: D9.95H7 depth 20 mm;

selecting a cutter D6 standard hard alloy milling cutter;

cutting parameter rotating speed S =2000min of cutter^-1；

Cutting speed F =100 (mm/min), cut length per minute;

the cutting amount Z1=0.5mm each time;

so a = (9.95-6)/2=1.975 mm;

B=0.5mm；

n =20/0.5=40 times;

the actual machining starts to be performed:

o0001 percent; (program name: O0001);

n01 GO G90G 54X 0Y 0M 3S 2000; (the main shaft moves rapidly to the position of the processing hole, and the main shaft rotates forwards at the rotating speed of 2000);

N02G 43H 1Z 5M 08; (the cutter moves rapidly to a position 5mm above the machined hole, and the cutting fluid is opened);

N03G 01Z 0F 500; (the tool was fed at 500 mm/min cut to the end face of the machined hole);

NO 4G 01G 91X-1.975F 100; (the cutter performs cutting feed in the negative X-axis direction of 1.975 at a speed of 100 mm/min);

N05M 98P 0002L 40; (call O0002 spiral mill subroutine, repeat call 40 times);

N06G 01G 91X 1.975; (the tool moves 1.975mm in the positive X-direction feed speed, i.e., returns to the center position);

N07G 0G 90Z 5; (the tool is moved quickly to a safe height of 5mm above the machined hole);

N08G 91G 30X 0Y 0Z 0; (X, Y, Z axis returned to device origin);

m30; (O0001 helical milling main routine ends);

o0002(D6 EM)%; (O0002 helical milling subprogram D6 milling cutter)

NO 1G 91G 02I 1.975. Z-0.5F 100; (the cutter is processed in a clockwise spiral mode of three-axis simultaneous cutting feed, the rotating radius is 1.975mm, the lower cutter depth is 0.5mm, and the cutting speed is 100 mm/min);

m99; (O0002 helical milling subroutine ends, returning to O0001 helical milling main routine).

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures made by using the contents of the specification and the drawings, or other related technical fields, are encompassed by the present invention.