阅读说明：本技术 一种灵芝孢子粉的灭菌方法及中药饮片或保健食品 (Sterilizing method of ganoderma lucidum spore powder and traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces or health-care food ) 是由 刘维明 张进主 杜旭峰 夏铭 王星丽 邱宏伟 于 2020-12-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种灵芝孢子粉的灭菌方法及中药饮片或保健食品,本发明方法包括以下步骤：(1)配料：称取干燥的灵芝孢子粉加入纯化水搅拌混合均匀,得到灵芝孢子粉料液；(2)喷雾干燥灭菌：将灵芝孢子粉料液进行喷雾干燥,控制进料速度、进风温度和出风温度进行干燥灭菌,收集灭菌的干燥灵芝孢子粉。本发明灵芝孢子粉的灭菌方法生产效率高、灭菌效果好、可以有效控制灵芝孢子粉的菌落总数、大肠菌群、霉菌和酵母以及致病菌等微生物指标,同时缩短物料高温接触时间,减少灵芝孢子粉中的不饱和脂肪酸等活性成分的高温氧化,为灵芝孢子粉原料灭菌提供了一种新技术。(The invention discloses a sterilization method of ganoderma lucidum spore powder and traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces or health-care food, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing materials: weighing dry ganoderma spore powder, adding purified water, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain ganoderma spore powder feed liquid; (2) spray drying and sterilizing: spray drying Ganoderma spore powder, controlling feeding speed, air inlet temperature and air outlet temperature, drying and sterilizing, and collecting sterilized dried Ganoderma spore powder. The sterilization method of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder has high production efficiency and good sterilization effect, can effectively control the total number of bacterial colonies, coliform group, mould, yeast, pathogenic bacteria and other microbial indexes of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, simultaneously shortens the high-temperature contact time of materials, reduces the high-temperature oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid and other active ingredients in the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, and provides a new technology for sterilizing the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material.)

1. A sterilization method of ganoderma lucidum spore powder is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) adding the dried ganoderma lucidum spore powder into purified water, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain ganoderma lucidum spore powder feed liquid;

(2) and (2) carrying out spray drying on the ganoderma lucidum spore powder material liquid obtained in the step (1), controlling the feeding speed, the air inlet temperature and the air outlet temperature to carry out drying and sterilization, and collecting sterilized dry ganoderma lucidum spore powder.

2. The sterilization method of ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 1, wherein the sterilization method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the addition amount of the purified water is 3-6 times of the weight of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder.

3. The sterilization method of ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 1, wherein the sterilization method comprises the following steps: and (2) pumping the ganoderma lucidum spore powder material liquid obtained in the step (1) into a spray dryer for spray drying.

4. The sterilization method of ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 3, wherein the sterilization method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the spray dryer adopts a centrifugal spray dryer.

5. The sterilization method of ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 3 or 4, wherein in the step (2), the feeding speed is controlled by the frequency of a variable frequency speed regulating motor of a pump, and the frequency of the motor is 20-50 Hz.

6. The method for sterilizing spore powder of Ganoderma lucidum as claimed in claim 1, 3 or 4, wherein the temperature of the air for spray drying in step (2) is 150-200 ℃.

7. The sterilization method of ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 1, 3 or 4, wherein in the step (2), the air outlet temperature of the spray drying is 50-90 ℃.

8. The sterilization method of ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 7, wherein in the step (2), the air outlet temperature of the spray drying is 60-80 ℃.

9. The sterilization method of ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein in the step (2), the sterilized dry ganoderma lucidum spore powder is collected, the water content is less than or equal to 9.0%, the total number of colonies is less than or equal to 1000CFU/g, the coliform group is less than or equal to 0.92MPN/g, the mould and yeast are less than or equal to 50CFU/g, and the pathogenic bacteria are less than or equal to 0/25 g.

10. A traditional Chinese medicine decoction piece or health food is characterized in that: is prepared from the ganoderma lucidum spore powder collected by the sterilization method of any one of claims 1-9.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of health-care food and food processing, and relates to a sterilization method of ganoderma lucidum spore powder, in particular to a sterilization method by utilizing spray drying. The invention also relates to a wall-broken ganoderma lucidum spore powder traditional Chinese medicine decoction piece or health-care food which is prepared by processing sterilized and dried ganoderma lucidum spore powder through the working procedures of wall breaking and the like.

Background

Ganoderma (Ganoderma lucidum) belongs to medicinal fungi of Ganoderma of Polyporaceae of Basidiomycetes of Basidiomycota, has high medicinal value, and can be widely used for treating and preventing various common diseases such as cardiovascular disease, liver and kidney disease, and neurogenic disease. Ganoderma spore is tiny ovoid germ cell ejected from Pleurotus ostreatus during growth and maturation stage of Ganoderma, and contains polysaccharides, triterpenes, unsaturated fatty acid, proteins, amino acids, lactones, alkaloids, and trace elements as main active ingredients. Modern pharmacological and clinical researches find that the ganoderma lucidum spore powder has pharmacological activities of immunoregulation, tumor resistance, nervous system protection, liver protection, detoxification, blood sugar and blood fat regulation, oxidation resistance, inflammation resistance, virus resistance and the like. The ganoderma lucidum spore has a double-wall structure, the outer wall is tough and acid-base resistant, and the ganoderma lucidum spore can be effectively absorbed and utilized by a human body only after wall breaking.

After being harvested, the ganoderma lucidum spores are generally dried in the sun or an oven, and the microbial indexes in the drying process are not controlled, so that the ganoderma lucidum spores need to be sterilized in the subsequent wall breaking process, and the microbial indexes of the final products are ensured to meet the related technical requirements of the products. At present, the sterilization method for ganoderma lucidum spore powder in production mainly comprises a damp-heat sterilization method and an irradiation sterilization method. The method comprises the steps of spreading ganoderma lucidum spore powder on a plate, placing the plate into a traditional Chinese medicine sterilization cabinet, introducing steam for carrying out damp-heat sterilization at a temperature of over 100 ℃ generally for not less than 20 minutes, continuously heating for drying after sterilization is finished, and drying for more than 30 minutes, so that the production efficiency is low, the sterilization time and the drying time are both long, and long-time high temperature can cause the oxidative deterioration of active ingredients such as unsaturated fatty acid and the like in the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, and the taste of the product is influenced. The radiation sterilization technology is a technology for killing microorganisms by utilizing radiation of rays (including X rays, gamma rays, accelerated electron beams and the like), does not cause changes of the appearance and the flavor of food, and has the defects of excessive radiation dose, expensive equipment, low consumer acceptance and the like. For example, Chinese patent application No. 2018107440710 discloses a sterilization method of wall-broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, which also has the above disadvantages. Therefore, there is a need to develop a sterilization method of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder with high efficiency and little damage to active ingredients.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a sterilization method of ganoderma lucidum spore powder and traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces or health-care food. The sterilization method of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder has high production efficiency and good sterilization effect, can effectively control the total number of bacterial colonies, coliform group, mould, yeast, pathogenic bacteria and other microbial indexes of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, simultaneously shortens the high-temperature contact time of materials, reduces the high-temperature oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid and other active ingredients in the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, and provides a brand new technology for sterilizing the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a sterilization method of ganoderma lucidum spore powder comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing materials: weighing dry Ganoderma spore powder (which can be put into a batching tank), adding purified water, stirring, and mixing to obtain Ganoderma spore powder feed liquid;

(2) spray drying and sterilizing: spray drying Ganoderma spore powder, controlling feeding speed, air inlet temperature and air outlet temperature, drying and sterilizing, and collecting sterilized dried Ganoderma spore powder.

Preferably, in the step (1), the addition amount of the purified water is 3-6 times of the weight of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, and more preferably 4-5 times.

Preferably, in the step (2), the ganoderma lucidum spore powder material liquid is pumped into a spray dryer for spray drying, and further preferably, the spray dryer is a centrifugal spray dryer.

Preferably, in the step (2), the feeding speed is controlled by the frequency of a variable-frequency speed-regulating motor of the feeding pump, and the frequency of the motor is 20-50Hz, and further preferably 30-40 Hz.

Preferably, in the step (2), the inlet air temperature for spray drying is 150-.

Preferably, in the step (2), the air outlet temperature of the spray drying is 50-90 ℃, and more preferably 60-80 ℃.

Preferably, in the step (2), the collected sterilized dry ganoderma lucidum spore powder has the water content of less than or equal to 9.0 percent, the total number of colonies of less than or equal to 1000CFU/g, coliform groups of less than or equal to 0.92MPN/g, mold and yeast of less than or equal to 50CFU/g and pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella, staphylococcus aureus and the like of less than or equal to 0/25 g.

The sterilized dry ganoderma lucidum spore powder collected by the steps can be processed into the wall-broken ganoderma lucidum spore powder traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces or health-care food through the processes of wall breaking and the like.

The invention has the following technical effects:

the invention provides a method for sterilizing ganoderma lucidum spore powder by adopting a spray drying process. The principle of spray drying is that after the feed liquid is atomized by an atomizer, the surface area is instantly increased by a plurality of times, the heat and mass transfer efficiency is rapidly improved, and the product can be dried within 5-15 s. Compared with other drying technologies, the spray drying technology is also a sterilization process, can quickly dry materials at a high temperature in a short time, and has the advantages of high speed, high efficiency and the like.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.

Example 1:

weighing 50kg of dried ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material, putting into a mixing tank, adding 200kg of purified water, and uniformly stirring to obtain ganoderma lucidum spore powder feed liquid. The air inlet temperature of the spray dryer is set to be 200 ℃, the air outlet temperature is set to be 85 ℃, and the frequency of a motor of a feed pump is set to be 23 Hz. After the spray dryer is preheated, starting a feed pump to start spray drying, and collecting sterilized and dried ganoderma spore powder in a clean area. After spraying, collecting 44.16kg of sterilized and dried ganoderma lucidum spore powder with the yield of 88.32 percent, sealing and packaging and storing in a cool and dry place. Detecting that the water content of the sterilized and dried ganoderma lucidum spore powder is 2.58 percent, the total number of colonies is less than 10CFU/g, the coliform group is less than or equal to 0.92MPN/g, the mould and yeast are less than 10CFU/g, and salmonella and staphylococcus aureus are not detected.

Example 2:

weighing 50kg of dried ganoderma spore powder raw material, putting into a mixing tank, adding 250kg of purified water, and uniformly stirring to obtain ganoderma spore powder feed liquid. The air inlet temperature of the spray dryer is set to be 200 ℃, the air outlet temperature is set to be 80 ℃, and the frequency of a motor of a feed pump is set to be 30 Hz. After the spray dryer is preheated, starting a feed pump to start spray drying, and collecting sterilized and dried ganoderma spore powder in a clean area. After spraying, 45.67kg of sterilized and dried ganoderma lucidum spore powder is collected together, the yield is 91.33%, and the ganoderma lucidum spore powder is stored in a cool and dry place after being sealed and packaged. Detecting that the water content of the sterilized and dried ganoderma lucidum spore powder is 3.21 percent, the total number of colonies is less than 10CFU/g, the coliform group is less than 0.3MPN/g, the mould and yeast are less than 10CFU/g, and salmonella and staphylococcus aureus are not detected.

Example 3:

weighing 50kg of dried ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material, putting into a mixing tank, adding 200kg of purified water, and uniformly stirring to obtain ganoderma lucidum spore powder feed liquid. The air inlet temperature of the spray dryer is set to be 170 ℃, the air outlet temperature is set to be 70 ℃, and the frequency of a motor of the feeding pump is set to be 35 Hz. After the spray dryer is preheated, starting a feed pump to start spray drying, and collecting sterilized and dried ganoderma spore powder in a clean area. After spraying, 46.51kg of sterilized and dried ganoderma lucidum spore powder is collected together, the yield is 93.02%, and the ganoderma lucidum spore powder is stored in a cool and dry place after being sealed and packaged. Detecting that the water content of the sterilized and dried ganoderma lucidum spore powder is 4.63 percent, the total number of colonies is 350CFU/g, the coliform group is less than 0.3MPN/g, the mould and the yeast are 20CFU/g, and salmonella and staphylococcus aureus are not detected.

Example 4:

weighing 50kg of dried ganoderma spore powder raw material, putting into a mixing tank, adding 150kg of purified water, and uniformly stirring to obtain ganoderma spore powder feed liquid. The air inlet temperature of the spray dryer is set to be 180 ℃, the air outlet temperature is set to be 70 ℃, and the frequency of a motor of a feed pump is set to be 38 Hz. After the spray dryer is preheated, starting a feed pump to start spray drying, and collecting sterilized and dried ganoderma spore powder in a clean area. After spraying, 46.10kg of sterilized and dried ganoderma lucidum spore powder is collected together, the yield is 92.19%, and the ganoderma lucidum spore powder is stored in a cool and dry place after being sealed and packaged. Detecting that the water content of the sterilized and dried ganoderma lucidum spore powder is 5.02 percent, the total number of colonies is 210CFU/g, the coliform group is less than 0.3MPN/g, the mould and yeast are 20CFU/g, and the salmonella and staphylococcus aureus are not detected.

Example 5:

weighing 50kg of dried ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material, putting into a mixing tank, adding 200kg of purified water, and uniformly stirring to obtain ganoderma lucidum spore powder feed liquid. The air inlet temperature of the spray dryer is set to be 165 ℃, the air outlet temperature is set to be 70 ℃, and the frequency of a motor of the feeding pump is set to be 35 Hz. After the spray dryer is preheated, starting a feed pump to start spray drying, and collecting sterilized and dried ganoderma spore powder in a clean area. After spraying, 46.39kg of sterilized and dried ganoderma lucidum spore powder is collected together, the yield is 92.77%, and the ganoderma lucidum spore powder is stored in a cool and dry place after being sealed and packaged. The water content of the sterilized and dried ganoderma lucidum spore powder is detected to be 4.67 percent, the total number of colonies is 690CFU/g, the coliform group is less than 0.3MPN/g, the mould and yeast are 20CFU/g, and the salmonella and staphylococcus aureus are not detected.

Example 6:

weighing 300kg of dried ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material, putting into a mixing tank, adding 1200kg of purified water, and uniformly stirring to obtain ganoderma lucidum spore powder feed liquid. The air inlet temperature of the spray dryer is set to be 170 ℃, the air outlet temperature is set to be 70 ℃, and the frequency of a motor of the feeding pump is set to be 35 Hz. After the spray dryer is preheated, starting a feed pump to start spray drying, and collecting sterilized and dried ganoderma spore powder in a clean area. After spraying, 285.86kg of sterilized and dried ganoderma lucidum spore powder is collected together, the yield is 95.29%, and the ganoderma lucidum spore powder is stored in a cool and dry place after being sealed and packaged. The sterilized and dried Ganoderma lucidum spore powder was examined and the results are shown in the following table.

The sterilized dry ganoderma lucidum spore powder collected by the above embodiments can be processed into the wall-broken ganoderma lucidum spore powder traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces or health-care food through the processes of wall breaking and the like.

The invention adopts a spray drying method to sterilize the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, overcomes the defects of low production efficiency, oxidative deterioration of unsaturated fatty acid, residual irradiation and the like which are possibly caused by the existing sterilization process, improves the quality of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, effectively controls the microbial index of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, and is convenient for subsequent processing and utilization.

The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the preferred embodiments and principles of the present invention and it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art may devise variations of the present invention that are within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.