阅读说明：本技术 浸涂设备 (Dip coating apparatus ) 是由 林文心 林梓伟 于 2020-06-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种浸涂设备,其包括液槽及用以浸入或移出液槽的挂具。液槽盛放涂料。挂具包括中空框架、第一支架、第二支架以及二个第一挂架。中空框架具有第一边条与第二边条。第一支架与第二支架设置于中空框架内,且连接第一边条与第二边条。每一个第一挂架包括连接第一支架的第一顶部边条、连接第二支架的第一底部边条以及连接第一顶部边条与第一底部边条的第一侧边条,其中每一个第一侧边条与对应的第一顶部边条夹有钝角,且每一个第一侧边条与对应的第一底部边条夹有锐角。每一第一侧边条包含第一顶部挂勾与第一底部挂勾。(The invention provides dip coating equipment which comprises a liquid tank and a hanger used for immersing or removing the liquid tank. The liquid tank holds the coating. The hanger comprises a hollow frame, a first bracket, a second bracket and two first hanging racks. The hollow frame is provided with a first edge strip and a second edge strip. The first support and the second support are arranged in the hollow frame and are connected with the first edge strip and the second edge strip. Each first hanging rack comprises a first top edge strip connected with the first support, a first bottom edge strip connected with the second support and a first side edge strip connected with the first top edge strip and the first bottom edge strip, wherein each first side edge strip and the corresponding first top edge strip clamp an obtuse angle, and each first side edge strip and the corresponding first bottom edge strip clamp an acute angle. Each first side strip comprises a first top hook and a first bottom hook.)

1. A dip coating apparatus, comprising:

a liquid tank for containing the coating; and

a hanger to be immersed in or removed from the tank, the hanger comprising:

the hollow frame is provided with a first edge strip and a second edge strip which is parallel to the first edge strip;

the first support is arranged in the hollow frame and is connected with the first edge strip and the second edge strip;

the second support is arranged in the hollow frame in parallel and is used for connecting the first edge strip and the second edge strip; and

two first stores pylons that set up side by side, each first stores pylon is including connecting the first top strake of first support, connection the first bottom strake and the connection of second support first top strake with the first side strake of first bottom strake, wherein each first side strake and corresponding first top strake accompanies the obtuse angle, and each first side strake and corresponding first bottom strake accompanies the acute angle, each first side strake contains first top and links up with first bottom and colludes.

2. A dip coating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first support is parallel to the second support.

3. The dip coating apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first support is perpendicular to the first and second legs.

4. The dip coating apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first support is oblique to the first and second legs.

5. The dip coating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first top bar of each of the first hangers has a first length and the first bottom bar has a second length that is greater than the first length.

6. The dip coating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the obtuse angle included between each first side bar and the corresponding first top bar is between 100 degrees and 120 degrees.

7. The dip coating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the acute angle included between each first side bar and the corresponding first bottom bar is between 60 degrees and 80 degrees.

8. The dip coating apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the first hangers is a trapezoidal hanger.

9. The dip coating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the hanger further comprises:

the two bases are arranged in parallel and connected with the bottom of the hollow frame;

the two cross rods are arranged in parallel, are positioned between the two bases and are connected with the two bases, and the two cross rods are positioned on two opposite sides of the hollow frame; and

and the lifting hook is connected with the top of the hollow frame.

10. The dip coating apparatus of claim 9, wherein the two cross bars are parallel to the first support and the second support.

11. The dip coating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the hanger further comprises:

a third bracket disposed within the hollow frame, wherein the third bracket connects the first edge strip and the second edge strip, and the second bracket is located between the first bracket and the third bracket;

the fourth support is arranged in the hollow frame in parallel to the third support, the fourth support is connected with the first edge strip and the second edge strip, and the third support is positioned between the second support and the fourth support; and

two second stores pylons that set up side by side, each the second stores pylon is including connecting the second top strake, the connection of third support the second bottom strake and the connection of fourth support the second top strake with the second side strake of second bottom strake, wherein each the second side strake with correspond the second top strake accompanies the obtuse angle, and every two first side strake and corresponding the second bottom strake accompanies the acute angle, each the second side strake contains the second top to collude and collude with the second bottom.

12. The dip coating apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first, second, third, and fourth supports are parallel to one another.

13. The dip coating apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first support is perpendicular to the first and second legs.

14. The dip coating apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first support is oblique to the first and second legs.

15. The dip coating apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first top bar of each of the first hangers has a first length and the first bottom bar has a second length greater than the first length, the second top bar of each of the second hangers has a third length greater than the second length, and the second bottom bar has a fourth length greater than the third length.

16. The dip coating apparatus of claim 11, wherein the obtuse angle included between each second side bar and the corresponding second top bar is between 100 degrees and 120 degrees.

17. The dip coating apparatus of claim 11, wherein the acute angle included between each second side bar and the corresponding second bottom bar is between 60 degrees and 80 degrees.

18. The dip coating apparatus of claim 11, wherein each of the second hangers is a trapezoidal hanger.

19. The dip coating apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a blower mounted to the fluid bath, wherein the fluid bath has an opening and an air outlet of the blower is disposed in correspondence with the opening.

20. The dip coating apparatus of claim 19, wherein the blowing device comprises an air inlet duct, a temperature controller, and an air outlet duct, the temperature controller is thermally coupled to the air inlet duct and is in communication with the air outlet duct, and the air outlet is located in the air outlet duct.

Technical Field

The invention relates to coating equipment, in particular to a dip-coating equipment method.

Background

Generally, a common workpiece (such as a substrate or a housing) is usually subjected to a surface coating treatment for the purpose of aesthetic appearance or rust prevention. In the process of surface coating treatment, the workpiece needs to be immersed into a liquid tank containing the coating, so that the coating is coated on the surface of the workpiece. And after the workpiece is kept still in the liquid tank for a period of time, taking the workpiece out of the liquid tank, and keeping the workpiece still above the liquid tank for a period of time so as to enable the redundant coating on the surface of the workpiece to drip into the liquid tank. Finally, the coating is cured on the surface of the workpiece and forms a coating film.

However, the current surface coating treatment has problems such as: flow marks are easily formed on the surface of the work, unevenness in the thickness of the coating film is easily caused, and the coating material is easily deposited on the bottom of the work.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims at a dip-coating device, which is beneficial to improving the condition of uneven coating thickness.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the dip coating device comprises a liquid tank and a hanger, wherein the hanger is used for immersing or removing the hanger from the liquid tank. The liquid tank holds the coating. The hanger comprises a hollow frame, a first support, a second support parallel to the first support and two first hanging racks arranged in parallel. The hollow frame is provided with a first edge strip and a second edge strip which is parallel to the first edge strip. The first support and the second support are arranged in the hollow frame and are connected with the first edge strip and the second edge strip. Each first hanging rack comprises a first top edge strip connected with the first support, a first bottom edge strip connected with the second support and a first side edge strip connected with the first top edge strip and the first bottom edge strip, wherein each first side edge strip and the corresponding first top edge strip clamp an obtuse angle, and each first side edge strip and the corresponding first bottom edge strip clamp an acute angle. Each first side strip comprises a first top hook and a first bottom hook.

Based on the above, in the dip coating apparatus of the present invention, the rack in the rack is designed to be inclined, so that the workpiece can be inclined against the rack. Therefore, when the hanger is immersed in the liquid tank, the workpiece is kept inclined, so that the coating is uniformly coated on the surface of the workpiece, and the condition that the thickness of the coating film is uneven is improved. When the hanging tool is moved out of the liquid tank, the workpiece also keeps inclined, and the phenomenon that excessive coating flows downwards at a high speed to generate flow marks on the surface of the workpiece is avoided.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a dip coating apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side schematic view of the hanger of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a side view schematic of the hanger hanging workpiece of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a front schematic view of the hanger of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of the hanger hanging workpiece of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of the hanger of FIG. 1 being immersed in or removed from a fluid bath;

fig. 7 is a schematic front view of a workpiece hung on a hanger according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Description of the reference numerals

10: dip coating equipment;

20: a workpiece;

100: a liquid bath;

101: coating;

110: an opening;

200. 200A: a hanger;

210: a hollow frame;

211: a rectangular through opening;

212: a first edge strip;

213: a second edge strip;

214: a bottom;

215: a top portion;

220: a first bracket;

230: a second bracket;

240: a first hanger;

241: a first top edge strip;

242: a first bottom edge strip;

243: a first side bar;

243 a: a first top hook;

243 b: a first bottom hook;

250: a third support;

260: a fourth bracket;

270: a second hanger;

271: a second top edge strip;

272: a second bottom edge strip;

273: a second side bar;

273 a: a second top hook;

273 b: a second bottom hook;

280: a base;

281: a cross bar;

282: hanging hooks;

300: a blowing device;

301: an air outlet;

310: an air inlet pipe;

320: a temperature controller;

330: an air outlet pipe;

a1: an obtuse angle;

a2: acute angle;

a3: an included angle;

d: direction;

l1: a first length;

l2: a second length;

l3: a third length;

l4: a fourth length.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a dip coating apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a side view schematic of the hanger of fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a side view schematic of the hanger hanging workpiece of fig. 2. Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in the present embodiment, the dip coating apparatus 10 includes a liquid tank 100 for containing the coating material 101 and a hanger 200 for immersing or removing the coating material from the liquid tank 100, wherein the hanger 200 is used for hanging the workpiece 20, and the workpiece 20 is immersed in or removed from the liquid tank 100 along with the hanger 200, so that the coating material 101 is coated on the surface of the workpiece 20.

Fig. 4 is a front schematic view of the hanger of fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a schematic front view of the hanger hanging workpiece of fig. 4. Referring to fig. 2, 4 and 5, the hanger 200 includes a hollow frame 210, a first bracket 220, a second bracket 230 parallel to the first bracket 220, and two first hangers 240 parallel to each other, the hollow frame 210 may have a rectangular opening 211, and the first bracket 220 and the second bracket 230 are disposed in the rectangular opening 211. On the other hand, the hollow frame 210 has a first side bar 212 and a second side bar 213 juxtaposed to the first side bar 212, and the first side bar 212 is parallel to the second side bar 213. The two ends of the first bracket 220 are connected to the first edge strip 212 and the second edge strip 213, and the two ends of the second bracket 230 are connected to the first edge strip 212 and the second edge strip 213. The first bracket 220 is parallel to the second bracket 230 and perpendicular to the first edge strip 212 and the second edge strip 213.

The two first hangers 240 are symmetrically arranged, and each first hanger 240 may be a trapezoidal hanger. Further, the two first hangers 240 are disposed between the first bracket 220 and the second bracket 230 and are arranged in parallel along a direction perpendicular to the first edge 212 or the second edge 213. Further, each of the first hangers 240 includes a first top edge 241, a first bottom edge 242, and two first side edges 243, wherein the first top edge 241 is connected to the first support 220, and the first bottom edge 242 is connected to the second support 230. One of the two first side strips 243 connects one end of the first top strip 241 with one end of the first bottom strip 242, and the other of the two first side strips 243 connects the other end of the first top strip 241 with the other end of the first bottom strip 242.

In each first hanging rack 240, the two first side strips 243 are located outside the rectangular through opening 211 and are symmetrically arranged. The first top edge strip 241 extends outwardly from two pairs of sides of the rectangular through opening 211 and the first bottom edge strip 242 extends outwardly from two pairs of sides of the rectangular through opening 211.

Referring to fig. 1 to fig. 3, in the present embodiment, each of the first hangers 240 can be an isosceles trapezoid hanger, wherein the first top edge 241 is parallel to the first bottom edge 242, and the two first side edges 243 have equal length. The first top edge strip 241 has a first length L1, and the first bottom edge strip 242 has a second length L2 that is greater than the first length L1. In detail, each first side edge 243 and the corresponding first top edge 241 form an obtuse angle a1, which is, for example, between 100 degrees and 120 degrees. Each first side edge strip 243 and the corresponding first bottom edge strip 242 form an acute angle a2, for example, between 60 degrees and 80 degrees.

Each first side strip 243 includes a first top hook 243a and a first bottom hook 243b, wherein the first top hook 243a is close to the first top strip 241, and the first bottom hook 243b is close to the first bottom strip 242. Each workpiece 20 is hung on the first top hook 243a and the first bottom hook 243b of the corresponding first side bar 243 to prevent the workpiece from falling due to gravity. On the other hand, due to the inclined design of each first side edge 243, each workpiece 20 is inclined against the corresponding first side edge 243, so that the included angle a3 between the surface of each workpiece 20 and the direction D of the rack 200 for immersing or removing the rack 200 from the liquid tank 100 is kept between 10 degrees and 30 degrees.

Referring to fig. 2, fig. 4 and fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the hanger 200 further includes a third bracket 250, a fourth bracket 260 juxtaposed to the third bracket 250, and two second hangers 270 juxtaposed to each other, wherein the third bracket 250 and the fourth bracket 260 are disposed in the rectangular through opening 211, and the third bracket 250 is parallel to the fourth bracket 260. Further, the second bracket 230 is located between the first bracket 220 and the third bracket 250, and the third bracket 250 is located between the second bracket 230 and the fourth bracket 260. On the other hand, two ends of the third bracket 250 connect the first edge bar 212 and the second edge bar 213, and two ends of the fourth bracket 260 connect the first edge bar 212 and the second edge bar 213. The first bracket 220, the second bracket 230, the third bracket 250 and the fourth bracket 260 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the first edge strip 212 and the second edge strip 213.

The two second hangers 270 are symmetrically disposed, and each second hanger 270 may be a trapezoidal hanger. Further, the two second hangers 270 are disposed between the third bracket 250 and the fourth bracket 260 and are arranged in parallel along a direction perpendicular to the first edge 212 or the second edge 213. Further, each of the second hangers 270 includes a second top edge strip 271, a second bottom edge strip 272 and two second side edge strips 273, wherein the second top edge strip 271 is connected to the third rack 250, and the second bottom edge strip 272 is connected to the fourth rack 260. One of the two second side edge strips 273 connects one end of the second top edge strip 271 with one end of the second bottom edge strip 272, and the other of the two second side edge strips 273 connects the other end of the second top edge strip 271 with the other end of the second bottom edge strip 272.

In each second hanger 270, the two second side bars 273 are located outside the rectangular through opening 211 and are symmetrically arranged. A second top edge strip 271 extends outwardly from two pairs of sides of the rectangular through opening 211 and a second bottom edge strip 272 extends outwardly from two pairs of sides of the rectangular through opening 211.

In this embodiment, each of the second hangers 270 can be an isosceles trapezoid hanger, wherein the second top edge strip 271 is parallel to the second bottom edge strip 272, and the two second side edge strips 273 have the same length. The second top edge strip 271 has a third length L3 greater than the second length L2, and the second bottom edge strip 272 has a fourth length L4 greater than the third length L3. In detail, each second side edge strip 273 similarly encloses an obtuse angle a1 with the corresponding second top edge strip 271, and each second side edge strip 273 similarly encloses an acute angle a2 with the corresponding second bottom edge strip 272.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, each of the second side bars 273 includes a second top hook 273a and a second bottom hook 273b, wherein the second top hook 273a is close to the second top bar 271, and the second bottom hook 273b is close to the second bottom bar 272. Each workpiece 20 is hung on the second top hook 273a and the second bottom hook 273b of the corresponding second side edge 273 to prevent dropping due to gravity. On the other hand, due to the inclined design of each second side edge strip 273, each workpiece 20 is inclined against the corresponding second side edge strip 273, so that the included angle a3 between the surface of each workpiece 20 and the direction D in which the rack 200 is immersed into or removed from the liquid bath 100 is maintained between 10 degrees and 30 degrees.

Specifically, the two first hangers 240 can be used for hanging at least two workpieces 20, and the two second hangers 270 can be used for hanging at least two workpieces 20. On the other hand, the first bracket 220, the second bracket 230, and the first hanger 240 are arranged in a group, and the third bracket 250, the fourth bracket 260, and the second hanger 270 are arranged in a group. In the present embodiment, the hanging tool 200 includes two layers of hanging structures for hanging a plurality of workpieces 20. In other embodiments, the hanger includes a single-layer hanging structure, such as only the first bracket, the second bracket and the first hanger, or only the third bracket, the fourth bracket and the second hanger.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the second length L2 of the first bottom edge strip 242 is smaller than the third length L3 of the second top edge strip 271, and the first side edge strip 243 and the second side edge strip 273 on the same side of the hollow frame 210 are parallel to each other. Therefore, the bottom end of the workpiece 20 hung on any one of the first side bars 243 is displaced from the top end of the workpiece 20 hung on any one of the second side bars 273, or in other words, the bottom end of the workpiece 20 hung on any one of the first side bars 243 does not overlap with the top end of the workpiece 20 hung on any one of the second side bars 273 in the orthographic or gravitational direction. Therefore, when paint is dropped from work piece 20 hung on any one of first side bars 243, paint does not fall to work piece 20 hung on any one of second side bars 273.

Further, in the horizontal direction, the top end of the workpiece 20 hung on any one of the first side bars 243 is closer to the hollow frame 210 than the bottom end thereof, and the top end of the workpiece 20 hung on any one of the second side bars 273 is closer to the hollow frame 210 than the bottom end thereof. On the other hand, the bottom end of the workpiece 20 hung on any of the first side bars 243 is closer to the hollow frame 210 than the top end of the workpiece 20 hung on any of the second side bars 273.

As shown in fig. 5, each workpiece 20 has a plurality of through holes for the first top hooks 243a and the first bottom hooks 243b to pass through, or for the second top hooks 273a and the second bottom hooks 273b to pass through.

Referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the hanger 200 further includes two bases 280 disposed in parallel, two cross bars 281 disposed in parallel, and a hook 282, wherein the two bases 280 are parallel to each other and are connected to the bottom 214 of the hollow frame 210. The two cross bars 281 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the two bases 280. The two cross bars 281 are disposed between the two bases 280, wherein the two cross bars 281 are disposed at two opposite sides of the hollow frame 210, and two ends of each cross bar 281 are connected to the two bases 280.

The two cross bars 281 can be used to break the liquid level tension of the paint 101 during the process of immersing the hanger 200 into the liquid tank 100, so as to facilitate the work piece 20 to be smoothly immersed into the paint 101 in the liquid tank 100. On the other hand, a hook 282 is attached to the top 215 of the hollow frame 210 to facilitate the grasping of the hanger 200 by an instrument or an operator.

FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of the hanger of FIG. 1 being immersed in or removed from a fluid bath. Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 6, in the present embodiment, the dip coating apparatus 10 further includes a blowing device 300 installed outside the liquid bath 100, wherein the liquid bath 100 has an opening 110, and an air outlet 301 of the blowing device 300 is disposed corresponding to the opening 110. Further, the number of the blowing devices 300 is two, and the blowing devices are disposed at two opposite sides of the opening 110 to blow the air flow to the surface of the workpiece 20 hung on the hanger 200.

Specifically, the blowing device 300 includes an air inlet duct 310, a temperature controller 320 and an air outlet duct 330, and the temperature controller 320 is thermally coupled to the air inlet duct 310 to regulate the temperature of the air flowing through the air inlet duct 310 such that the temperature of the air is maintained between 10 ℃ and 40 ℃. On the other hand, the air inlet pipe 310 is communicated with the air outlet pipe 330, wherein the air outlet 301 is located in the air outlet pipe 330, and the air outlet pipe 330 is disposed corresponding to the opening 110. Therefore, the air flow is blown out from the air outlet 301 of the air outlet pipe 330 and blown toward the opening 110 to blow the surface of the workpiece 20 hung on the hanger 200.

When the hanger 200 is moved out of the liquid bath 100, the air blowing device 300 blows air flow to the surface of the workpiece 20 to smooth the coating on the surface of the workpiece 20 and improve the uniformity of the coating applied to the surface of the workpiece 20, or removes excess coating on the surface of the workpiece 20 and improves the condition that the coating is accumulated on the bottom of the workpiece 20. Finally, excess paint dripping from the workpiece 20 can be recycled to the tank 100 to avoid wasting paint. On the other hand, since the temperature of the air flow is maintained between 10 ℃ and 40 ℃, the viscous force of the coating blown by the air flow is not easily increased, so as to avoid the coating from being deposited on the surface of the workpiece 20 due to too slow flow rate.

Specifically, the air outlet 301 has an air outlet range covering the longitudinal depth or the transverse depth of the opening 110, so as to ensure that the entire surface of the workpiece 20 can be blown by the air flow. On the other hand, the air outlet pipe 330 has a rotational degree of freedom, so as to adjust the blowing direction. For example, the outlet duct 330 can be kept in a horizontal position or rotated downward from the horizontal position, which is a rotation range of about 30 degrees. On the other hand, the blowing direction is preferably perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece 20.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3 and 6, when the hanger 200 is immersed in the liquid tank 100, the workpiece 20 is tilted to uniformly coat the paint 101 on the surface of the workpiece 20, so as to improve the uneven thickness of the coating. The workpiece 20 also remains tilted as the hanger 200 is moved out of the fluid bath 100, avoiding excessive paint flowing down at too high a velocity to create flow marks on the surface of the workpiece. On the other hand, since the upper and lower works 20 are displaced from each other, the paint dropped from the upper work 20 does not drop onto the lower work 20.

Fig. 7 is a schematic front view of a workpiece hung on a hanger according to another embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 7, compared to the hanger 200 of fig. 3, in the hanger 200A of the present embodiment, the first bracket 220, the second bracket 230, the third bracket 250 and the fourth bracket 260 are parallel to each other and inclined to the first edge 212 and the second edge 213. That is, an included angle between any one of the first bracket 220, the second bracket 230, the third bracket 250, and the fourth bracket 260 and the first edge strip 212 or the second edge strip 213 is greater than or less than 90 degrees.

Further, one of the two first hangers 240 is higher than the other of the two first hangers 240, and one of the two second hangers 270 is higher than the other of the two second hangers 270. Since the workpiece 20 hung on the two first hangers 240 or the two second hangers 270 is inclined, when the hanger 200A is moved out of the liquid tank 100 (see fig. 1), the excess paint is likely to flow to the lowest corner of the workpiece 20.

In summary, in the dip coating apparatus of the present invention, the rack of the rack is designed to be inclined so that the workpiece can be inclined against the rack. Therefore, when the hanger is immersed in the liquid tank, the workpiece is kept inclined, so that the coating is uniformly coated on the surface of the workpiece, and the condition that the thickness of the coating film is uneven is improved. When the hanging tool is moved out of the liquid tank, the workpiece also keeps inclined, and the phenomenon that excessive coating flows downwards at a high speed to generate flow marks on the surface of the workpiece is avoided. On the other hand, the dip coating equipment of the invention is integrated with an air blowing device, when the hanger is moved out of the liquid tank, the air blowing device blows air flow to the surface of the workpiece to smooth the coating on the surface of the workpiece and improve the uniformity of the coating coated on the surface of the workpiece, or removes the redundant coating on the surface of the workpiece and improves the condition that the coating is accumulated on the bottom of the workpiece. Finally, the excess coating hanging from the workpiece can be recycled to the liquid tank, so as to avoid waste of the coating.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.