阅读说明：本技术 一种长秸秆青储饲料及其制备方法 (Long-straw silage and preparation method thereof ) 是由 牛彦波 安琦 原韬 曹亚彬 吴皓琼 殷博 董博 于 2021-03-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种长秸秆青储饲料及其制备方法,本发明长秸秆青储饲料主要由秸秆和植物乳杆菌、淀粉、乳酸乳球菌和黑曲霉制成。制备方法：一、植物乳杆菌菌液、乳酸乳球菌菌液和黑曲霉孢子悬液的制备；二、植物乳杆菌淀粉液制备：向植物乳杆菌菌液中加入淀粉,制成含淀粉的植物乳杆菌液；三、秸秆的粉碎与装填：将秸秆粉碎后边搅拌边加入植物乳杆菌淀粉液、乳酸乳球菌菌液与黑曲霉孢子悬液,搅拌均匀后打包密封；四、青贮发酵：青贮包在室温下自然发酵至pH4.5以下。本发明方法可以保留秸秆的长度更长,可以避免瘤胃酸中毒现象的发生,并能够有效的抑制酵母菌生长,降低二次发酵造成的霉变和损失。(The invention relates to a long straw silage and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid, lactobacillus lactis bacterial liquid and aspergillus niger spore suspension; secondly, preparing lactobacillus plantarum starch solution: adding starch into the lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid to prepare a lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid containing starch; thirdly, crushing and filling the straws: crushing straws, adding lactobacillus plantarum starch solution, lactococcus lactis solution and aspergillus niger spore suspension while stirring, uniformly stirring, packaging and sealing; fourthly, ensiling and fermenting: naturally fermenting the ensilage package at room temperature until the pH value is below 4.5. The method can keep the length of the straw longer, can avoid the occurrence of rumen acidosis, can effectively inhibit the growth of saccharomycetes, and can reduce the mildew and loss caused by secondary fermentation.)

1. The long-straw silage is mainly prepared from straws, lactobacillus plantarum, starch, lactococcus lactis and aspergillus niger.

2. The long straw silage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the straw is whole milk stage corn straw.

3. The long straw silage according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the length of the straw is 5.1-20 cm.

4. The process for preparing silage according to claim 1, wherein the silage is prepared by the steps of:

firstly, preparing lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid, lactobacillus lactis bacterial liquid and aspergillus niger spore suspension;

secondly, preparing lactobacillus plantarum starch solution: adding starch into the lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid to prepare a lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid containing starch;

thirdly, crushing and filling the straws: crushing straws, adding lactobacillus plantarum starch solution, lactococcus lactis solution and aspergillus niger spore suspension while stirring, uniformly stirring, packaging and sealing;

fourthly, ensiling and fermenting: naturally fermenting the silage bags at room temperature to pH4.5 or below, and obtaining the silage based on the microorganisms.

5. The preparation method of the silage according to claim 4, wherein the length of the crushed straw is 5.1-20 cm.

6. The method for preparing silage according to claim 4, wherein the concentration of starch in the lactobacillus plantarum solution containing starch in the first step is 2.0-5.0%.

7. The method for preparing silage according to claim 4, wherein 1-1.5L of lactobacillus plantarum solution containing starch is added to each ton of straw in the first step; in the first step, 150 ml-500 ml of Aspergillus niger spore suspension is added into each ton of straws; in the first step, 1-1.5L of lactococcus lactis bacterial liquid is added into each ton of straws.

8. The method for preparing silage according to claim 4, wherein the effective viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum in the bacterial liquid reaches 1 x 10⁸～1×10⁹CFU/ml; in the first step, the effective viable count of the lactococcus lactis bacterial liquid reaches 1 multiplied by 10⁸～1×10⁹CFU/ml。

9. The method for preparing silage according to claim 4, wherein in the first step Aspergillus niger is cultured by solid shallow layer fermentation, and after secondary extensive culture in a triangular flask and a curved dish, the Aspergillus niger is dried and crushed to obtain Aspergillus niger spore-containing 1 x 10¹¹And (3) diluting the CFU/g seeds with 50-100 times of water before use to prepare the Aspergillus niger spore suspension.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a feed and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the forward development of economy and the progress of society, the requirements of people on living quality are gradually increased, the consumption of milk products is increased year by year, however, the breeding quantity and the milk yield of cows (sheep) cannot meet the requirement of consumption increase, and one of the main limiting factors is the supply of high-quality feed. In order to keep up the vegetation in many areas of China, grazing is forbidden, and meanwhile, in order to reduce the dependence of animal husbandry on food, the corn straws with rich resources become the most ideal source. But the corn straws are relatively strong in seasonality, and are mostly treated in a silage mode in order to ensure that livestock can have enough and nutritious feed all the year round.

The silage is prepared by controlled fermentation of green feed, has the advantages of good reputation of canned grass, good juicy taste, sour and fragrant smell, high digestibility and rich nutrition, and is a first-class feed for livestock such as cattle and sheep. The ensiling can keep the nutrient substances of the green feed to the maximum extent, so that most of the nutrients are preserved, and particularly, the ensiling is far superior to other feed processing and storing methods in the aspect of preserving protein and vitamins (carotene). Due to the fermentation of the microorganisms, a large amount of lactic acid and aromatic substances are produced, and the palatability and the digestibility are further enhanced. In addition, the silage also has good effect on improving the digestibility of the daily ration of the livestock and other feeds, and ensures the annual balanced supply of the green feed and nutrient substances of the dairy cattle breeding industry.

In the existing silage production, in order to ensure the quality of silage, the contact between the feed and oxygen is reduced as much as possible in the silage process, but the contact cannot be completely realized in the actual process, so that part of silage is often mildewed and deteriorated, and the product quality and the economic benefit of the silage are seriously influenced.

The existing ensiling method is as follows: (1) and chopping to short: the corn stalks are cut to be shorter than 2-10 cm according to the difference of the raw materials (wherein the corn stalks are cut to be shorter than 5cm, and if the corn stalks are too long, the air is not favorably exhausted); (2) and filling: the filling speed is high, before filling, the crushed grass with proper thickness is paved at the bottom of the cellar, and the same is true after filling; (3) compacting: compaction is an important part for ensuring the quality of silage (mainly aims at removing air, performing lactic acid fermentation and inhibiting secondary fermentation); (4) and sealing and burying: after the grass is packed and compacted in the cellar, plastic cloth is covered on the crushed grass, and then soil or heavy objects are used for compacting.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a long straw silage prepared by using lactobacillus plantarum, lactococcus lactis and aspergillus niger and a preparation method thereof.

The long-straw silage is mainly prepared from straws, lactobacillus plantarum, starch, lactococcus lactis and aspergillus niger.

The silage is prepared by the following steps:

firstly, preparing lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid, lactobacillus lactis bacterial liquid and aspergillus niger spore suspension;

secondly, preparing lactobacillus plantarum starch solution: adding starch into the lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid to prepare a lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid containing starch;

thirdly, crushing and filling the straws: crushing straws, adding lactobacillus plantarum starch solution, lactococcus lactis solution and aspergillus niger spore suspension while stirring, uniformly stirring, packaging and sealing;

fourthly, ensiling and fermenting: naturally fermenting the silage bags at room temperature to pH4.5 or below, and obtaining the silage based on the microorganisms.

The invention inoculates plant lactobacillus, lactic acid galactococcus and aspergillus niger in the silage straw feed, and adds exogenous starch. The lactobacillus plantarum and the lactococcus lactis are added for providing sufficient initial live bacteria for ensiling and improving the starting speed of lactic acid fermentation in the ensiling process. The addition of the aspergillus niger generates citric acid, the pH value is quickly reduced, oxygen in the silage is quickly consumed in the growth process of the aspergillus niger, an anaerobic environment is quickly formed, the growth and the propagation of aerobic putrefying bacteria in the silage are reduced, the putrefying deterioration of the silage is avoided or lightened, the effective recovery rate of the silage is improved, and the fundamental purpose of improving the economic benefit is finally achieved. Meanwhile, the starch is added to provide basic nutrition for the aspergillus niger and promote the growth of the aspergillus niger, part of the starch is hydrolyzed by enzyme secreted by the aspergillus niger to form reducing sugar, the reducing sugar is fermented by lactobacillus plantarum and lactococcus lactis to generate lactic acid, the pH value in the silage is further reduced, the storage property of the silage is improved, and the nutrition of the silage is improved.

As the growth of the Aspergillus niger consumes the oxygen in the silage, the silage can be effectively prevented from mildewing and deteriorating, and the longer length of the straw is reserved. The length of the straws in the silage is improved, the straw smashing operation cost can be greatly reduced, the working efficiency of smashing equipment is greatly improved, the long straws stimulate cattle to chew and ruminate, the cattle feed is more suitable for the physiological habit of cattle, the occurrence of diseases such as rumen acidosis is favorably reduced, and the cattle herd health is favorably realized.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.

The first embodiment is as follows: the long-straw silage in the embodiment is mainly prepared from straws, lactobacillus plantarum, starch, lactococcus lactis and aspergillus niger.

Wherein the straws are full-plant straws of corns in the milk stage; the length of the straw is 5.1-20 cm.

The second embodiment is as follows: the silage of the embodiment is prepared by the following steps:

firstly, preparing lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid, lactobacillus lactis bacterial liquid and aspergillus niger spore suspension;

secondly, preparing lactobacillus plantarum starch solution: adding starch into the lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid to prepare a lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid containing starch;

thirdly, crushing and filling the straws: crushing straws, adding lactobacillus plantarum starch solution, lactococcus lactis solution and aspergillus niger spore suspension while stirring, uniformly stirring, packaging and sealing;

fourthly, ensiling and fermenting: naturally fermenting the silage bags at room temperature to pH4.5 or below, and obtaining the silage based on the microorganisms.

Wherein the straws are full-plant straws of corns in the milk stage; the length of the straw is 5.1-20 cm.

The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that: in the first step, the concentration of starch in the plant lactobacillus liquid containing starch is 2.0-5.0%. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the second embodiment.

The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from the second or third embodiment in that: adding 1-1.5L of lactobacillus plantarum solution containing starch into each ton of straws in the first step; in the first step, 150 ml-500 ml of Aspergillus niger spore suspension is added into each ton of straws; in the first step, 1-1.5L of lactococcus lactis bacterial liquid is added into each ton of straws. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the second or third embodiment.

The fifth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from one of the second to fourth embodiments in that: the effective viable count of the lactobacillus plantarum in the bacterial liquid reaches 1 multiplied by 10⁸～1×10⁹CFU/ml; in the first step, the effective viable count of the lactococcus lactis bacterial liquid reaches 1 multiplied by 10⁸～1×10⁹CFU/ml; in the first step, Aspergillus niger is cultured in a solid shallow layer by fermentation, and is subjected to secondary amplification culture in a triangular flask and a curved disc, drying and crushing to prepare the Aspergillus niger spore-containing 1 × 10¹¹And (3) diluting the CFU/g seeds with 50-100 times of water before use to prepare the Aspergillus niger spore suspension. Other steps and parameters are the same as those of one of the second to fourth embodiments.

The solid shallow fermentation takes wheat bran and corn as main raw materials; after the solid shallow fermentation medium is subjected to material preparation, sterilization, cooling and seed starter inoculation, the solid shallow fermentation medium is cultured for 48 to 72 hours to form spores, and the culture is finished; drying at low temperature (below 55 deg.C), pulverizing, sieving, and packaging under 80 mesh sieve to obtain the product with spore number of 1 × 10¹¹More than one per gram, and is diluted by clean water before use to prepare mould spore suspension.

Example 1

Preparing silage:

firstly, preparing lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid, lactobacillus lactis bacterial liquid and aspergillus niger spore suspension;

secondly, preparing lactobacillus plantarum starch solution: adding starch into the lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid to prepare a lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid containing starch;

thirdly, crushing and filling the straws: crushing straws, adding lactobacillus plantarum starch solution, lactococcus lactis solution and aspergillus niger spore suspension while stirring, uniformly stirring, packaging and sealing;

fourthly, ensiling and fermenting: naturally fermenting the silage bags at room temperature to pH4.5 or below, and obtaining the silage based on the microorganisms.

Wherein the straws are full-plant straws of corns in the milk stage; the length of the straw is 15 cm;

in the first step, the concentration of starch in the plant lactobacillus liquid containing starch is 4.0%.

Adding 1L of plant lactobacillus liquid containing starch into each ton of straws in the step one; in the first step, 200ml of Aspergillus niger spore suspension is added into each ton of straws; adding 1L of lactococcus lactis bacterial liquid into each ton of straws in the step one;

the effective viable count of the lactobacillus plantarum in the bacterial liquid reaches 1 multiplied by 10⁸～1×10⁹CFU/ml; in the first step, the effective viable count of the lactococcus lactis bacterial liquid reaches 1 multiplied by 10⁸～1×10⁹CFU/ml; in the first step, Aspergillus niger is cultured in a solid shallow layer by fermentation, and is subjected to secondary amplification culture in a triangular flask and a curved disc, drying and crushing to prepare the Aspergillus niger spore-containing 1 × 10¹¹CFU/g of seeds, diluted 50 times with water before use to make Aspergillus niger spore suspension.

Example 2

The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the length of the chopped straw is 1-3 cm.

The silage prepared in examples 1 and 2 was fed to cows and calves for testing, and the test results are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1

	Example 1	Example 2
			pH	4.10±0.12	4.08±0.21
Milk yield	5.70％±0.08％	5.01％±0.14％
			Daily gain of calf	7.45％±0.21％	6.17％±0.24％
Rate of mildew	<0.1％	<0.1％
			Stomach cancer of tumor	0％	2.4％

Although the length of the straw is longer in the method, the occurrence of rumenic acidosis can be avoided, the growth of saccharomycetes can be effectively inhibited, and the mildew and loss caused by secondary fermentation can be reduced.