阅读说明：本技术 基于制动力再分配的飞机地面滑跑纠偏控制系统及方法 (Airplane ground running deviation rectification control system and method based on braking force redistribution ) 是由 薛冻 王洪亮 皮大伟 王霞 王显会 谢伯元 于 2021-01-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于大型飞机制动领域,特别涉及一种基于制动力再分配的飞机地面滑跑纠偏控制系统及方法,将飞机着陆滑跑时的纠偏控制设计成双层控制策略控制器,包括上层运动控制结构和下层分配控制结构,其中上层控制结构是面向受控飞机的非线性地面滑跑动力学模型,设计的运动控制器,下层结构为机轮制动力重构再分配控制,保证各机轮获得最优制动力分配；双层控制器根据获取的飞机运动参数进行控制计算,得到双侧各主机轮差动刹车力矩,同时把控制指令输出至对应机轮的制动执行机构,制动执行机构根据控制指令,对各机轮独立进行差动刹车,从而实现飞机地面滑跑时的纠偏控制,保证飞机着陆的稳定性和安全性。(The invention belongs to the field of large airplane braking, and particularly relates to an airplane ground running deviation rectification control system and method based on braking force redistribution, wherein the deviation rectification control during airplane landing running is designed into a double-layer control strategy controller, the double-layer control strategy controller comprises an upper-layer motion control structure and a lower-layer distribution control structure, the upper-layer motion control structure is a nonlinear ground running dynamic model facing a controlled airplane, the designed motion controller is provided, and the lower-layer structure is used for airplane wheel braking force reconstruction redistribution control to ensure that each airplane wheel obtains optimal braking force distribution; the double-layer controller carries out control calculation according to the obtained airplane motion parameters to obtain differential braking torque of each main engine wheel on two sides, and simultaneously outputs a control command to the braking executing mechanism corresponding to the airplane wheels, and the braking executing mechanism independently carries out differential braking on each airplane wheel according to the control command, so that deviation correction control during ground running of the airplane is realized, and stability and safety of airplane landing are ensured.)

1. A deviation rectifying control system for airplane ground running based on braking force redistribution is characterized by comprising a double-layer controller and a braking executing mechanism;

the double-layer controller processes the acquired airplane motion state parameters according to a control algorithm, outputs a deviation correction control instruction and the braking torque of each main airplane wheel to the braking executing mechanism, so that the combination coefficients of the left main airplane wheel, the right main airplane wheel and the ground generate a difference value, a moment for correcting the airplane heading is formed, and the deviation correction control of airplane landing and sliding is completed;

the brake executing mechanism executes the obtained deviation rectifying control command and the braking torque of each main airplane wheel, and simultaneously, the airplane wheel motion state information after the command is executed is fed back to the double-layer controller, so that a complete closed-loop deviation rectifying control system is formed.

2. The control system of claim 1, wherein the dual-level controller comprises an upper level motion controller and a lower level reconfiguration dispatcher;

the upper-layer motion controller calculates a deviation correction control instruction by combining a nonlinear ground running dynamics model of the airplane according to the obtained airplane motion state parameters, and then outputs the deviation correction control instruction to the lower-layer reconstruction distributor;

and after obtaining the deviation correction control command output by the upper-layer motion controller, the lower-layer reconstruction distributor performs comparison processing according to the obtained airplane speed signal and the airplane wheel speed signal, reconstructs and optimizes calculation, and then outputs the calculated distribution command to the corresponding brake actuating mechanism.

3. A method for deviation rectification control using the control system of claim 2, comprising the steps of:

step (1): the upper-layer motion controller calculates to obtain a deviation-correcting control instruction according to the acquired aircraft motion state parameters and by combining a nonlinear ground running dynamics model of the aircraft, and outputs the deviation-correcting control instruction to the lower-layer reconstruction distributor;

step (2): the lower-layer reconstruction distributor carries out quantitative data analysis on the acquired deviation-rectifying control instructions, then carries out reconstruction calculation on the braking force, optimizes and distributes the braking force of each main wheel, outputs reconstruction distribution braking instructions to the braking execution mechanism module after the calculation is finished, and the braking execution mechanism module distributes and sends braking instructions delta to the left main wheel and the right main wheel respectively according to the deviation-rectifying control instructions and the reconstruction distribution braking instructions_l、δ_rThe braking force of each main wheel is obtained through calculation, so that differential deviation correction control is realized;

and (3): the brake executing mechanism responds and executes the obtained brake command, and simultaneously, the motion state information of the airplane wheel after the brake command is executed is fed back to the double-layer controller, so that a complete closed-loop deviation rectifying control system is formed.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the aircraft motion state parameters in step (1) include a roll speed, a yaw angle, a yaw displacement, and a wheel speed of the aircraft.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the calculation of the deviation correcting control command δ in step (1) is obtained by the following formula:

where psi is yaw angle, Y is lateral offset, K₁、K₂Respectively representing the proportional coefficient and the differential coefficient, K, of the deviation angle control in the differential braking deviation rectifying control strategy₃、K₄Respectively representing the proportional coefficient and the differential coefficient of the side offset control in the differential brake deviation rectifying control strategy.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the braking command δ in step (2)_l、δ_rThe expression of (a) is as follows:

in the formula of_lFor a braking command, delta, to the left main wheel_rAnd (3) a right machine wheel braking instruction, namely when the deviation-rectifying braking control instruction is negative, the left main machine wheel brakes, the right main machine wheel freely rolls, and when the deviation-rectifying braking control instruction is positive, the right main machine wheel brakes, and the left main machine wheel freely rolls.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of large airplane braking, and particularly relates to an airplane ground running deviation rectification control system and method based on braking force redistribution.

Background

Under the rigid requirement of transportation, the aviation industry is rapidly developed, the application of airplanes is wider, and aviation accidents are more frequent. According to the authority statistical data of Boeing company, more than half of the airplane accidents happen in the process of landing and landing braking of the airplane, and the research on the brake control system ensures that the landing and landing safety of the airplane becomes a hot spot.

The stress of the airplane during landing and sliding is complex and in a nonlinear change state, and the load borne by main wheels on two sides of the airplane is easy to change asymmetrically due to complex force factors, so that the airplane loses balance and sliding and yawing motion is generated. For example, the braking force of main wheels on two sides is unbalanced in the landing and sliding process of an airplane, the surface of an airport runway is uneven, the vibration of an airplane body is unstable, one side of the airplane inclines due to the side wind of the airport, and the load of the airplane wheels changes along with the inertia force of the center of gravity of the airplane. The asymmetrical state of the load of the main engine wheels on the two sides of the airplane can cause the wheels on the two sides to generate wheel speed difference and inconsistent movement, so that the sliding track of the airplane appears S-shaped or driftage, and the aviation accident is caused.

According to the motion state of the airplane during landing and running, ground running control needs to be carried out on the airplane, so that when course deviation occurs in the process of running of the airplane, the deviation control system can be used for timely correcting the running yaw, and the airplane is prevented from deviating from a runway.

At present, a main airplane wheel of a large airplane adopts a multi-wheel train undercarriage structure, so that the load of a single tire can be reduced during landing and running, and the landing safety is ensured. When the airplane lands and brakes, the loads borne by different tires of the main airplane wheel on the same side are in different states, so that different braking torques need to be applied to different tires, the optimal braking efficiency of the airplane during sliding is realized, and the sliding braking distance is shortened as far as possible.

According to the disclosed patents of the invention of the airplane sliding deviation rectifying control, a passive inter-wheel cross protection control strategy is mainly adopted in the method, the method can increase the braking distance, and in terms of application objects, the methods can not meet the airplane control requirements of large multi-gear train landing gear mechanisms mainly aiming at small airplanes with single-gear train landing gear structures such as unmanned planes and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a system and a method for correcting the deviation of the ground running of an airplane based on braking force redistribution, which realize the correction of the deviation course of the airplane during landing running through the deviation correcting moment generated by the differential brakes of main wheels at two sides on the airplane, so that the course is always stabilized near the center line of a runway during landing running of a large airplane, and further solve the technical problems mentioned in the background technology.

The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a deviation rectifying control system for airplane ground running based on braking force redistribution comprises a double-layer controller and a braking executing mechanism;

the double-layer controller processes the acquired airplane motion state parameters according to a control algorithm, outputs a deviation correction control instruction and the braking torque of each main airplane wheel to the braking executing mechanism, so that the combination coefficients of the left main airplane wheel, the right main airplane wheel and the ground generate a difference value, a moment for correcting the airplane heading is formed, and the deviation correction control of airplane landing and sliding is completed;

the brake executing mechanism executes the obtained deviation rectifying control command and the braking torque of each main airplane wheel, and simultaneously, the airplane wheel motion state information after the command is executed is fed back to the double-layer controller, so that a complete closed-loop deviation rectifying control system is formed.

Further, the double-layer controller comprises an upper-layer motion controller and a lower-layer reconstruction distributor;

the upper-layer motion controller calculates a deviation correction control instruction by combining a nonlinear ground running dynamics model of the airplane according to the obtained airplane motion state parameters, and then outputs the deviation correction control instruction to the lower-layer reconstruction distributor;

and after obtaining the deviation correction control command output by the upper-layer motion controller, the lower-layer reconstruction distributor performs comparison processing according to the obtained airplane speed signal and the airplane wheel speed signal, reconstructs and optimizes calculation, and then outputs the calculated distribution command to the corresponding brake actuating mechanism.

A method for performing deviation rectification control by using the control system comprises the following steps:

step (1): the upper-layer motion controller calculates to obtain a deviation-correcting control instruction according to the acquired aircraft motion state parameters and by combining a nonlinear ground running dynamics model of the aircraft, and outputs the deviation-correcting control instruction to the lower-layer reconstruction distributor;

step (2): the lower-layer reconstruction distributor carries out quantitative data analysis on the acquired deviation-rectifying control instructions, then carries out reconstruction calculation on the braking force, optimizes and distributes the braking force of each main wheel, outputs reconstruction distribution braking instructions to the braking execution mechanism module after the calculation is finished, and the braking execution mechanism module distributes and sends braking instructions delta to the left main wheel and the right main wheel respectively according to the deviation-rectifying control instructions and the reconstruction distribution braking instructions_l、δ_rThe braking force of each main wheel is obtained through calculation, so that differential deviation correction control is realized;

and (3): the brake executing mechanism responds and executes the obtained brake command, and simultaneously, the motion state information of the airplane wheel after the brake command is executed is fed back to the double-layer controller, so that a complete closed-loop deviation rectifying control system is formed.

Further, the airplane motion state parameters in the step (1) comprise a running speed, a yaw angle, a lateral offset and a wheel speed of the airplane.

Further, the calculation of the deviation rectifying control command δ in the step (1) is obtained by the following formula:

where psi is yaw angle, Y is lateral offset, K₁、K₂Respectively representing the proportional coefficient and the differential coefficient, K, of the deviation angle control in the differential braking deviation rectifying control strategy₃、K₄Respectively representing the proportional coefficient and the differential coefficient of the side offset control in the differential brake deviation rectifying control strategy.

Further, the braking instruction delta in the step (2)_l、δ_rThe expression of (a) is as follows:

in the formula of_lFor a braking command, delta, to the left main wheel_rAnd (3) a right machine wheel braking instruction, namely when the deviation-rectifying braking control instruction is negative, the left main machine wheel brakes, the right main machine wheel freely rolls, and when the deviation-rectifying braking control instruction is positive, the right main machine wheel brakes, and the left main machine wheel freely rolls.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:

(1) the double-layer controller processes the acquired body motion parameters according to a control algorithm, and outputs a deviation-correcting control instruction and the braking torque of each main wheel to the braking executing mechanisms of the main wheels, so that the combination coefficients of the left main wheel, the right main wheel and the ground generate a difference value, the friction force between the left main wheel, the right main wheel and the ground is further changed, the different friction forces of the main wheel trains at two sides generate a friction torque difference value relative to the gravity center of the airplane, the heading torque of the deviation-correcting body is formed, the sliding posture of the airplane is finally adjusted, the airplane is kept on the central line of a runway in the sliding process, and the deviation-correcting control of the airplane landing sliding is completed.

(2) The lower layer reconstruction distributor in the double-layer controller of the invention compares the calculation processing results of the airplane speed signal and the wheel speed signal of the airplane wheel according to the deviation correction control instruction, the acquired airplane speed and the wheel speed of each main airplane wheel, and recalculates and distributes the braking force of each airplane wheel in real time, so as to realize quick deviation correction control response and optimized braking efficiency, and enable the airplane to complete braking and stopping actions in the shortest distance possible.

(3) The brake actuating mechanism of the invention independently carries out differential braking on each airplane wheel according to the control instruction, and feeds back the airplane motion state during braking to the upper controller to form closed-loop control, thereby realizing deviation correction control during ground running of the airplane and ensuring the stability and safety of airplane landing.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dual-layer controller system of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

10-double-layer controller, 11-upper-layer motion controller, 12-lower-layer reconstruction distributor and 20-brake actuating mechanism.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a dual-layer controller system in the invention, which is characterized by showing in detail the specific flow and operation steps of deviation rectification control in the landing and running process of an airplane, wherein the system comprises a dual-layer controller 10, an upper-layer motion controller 11, a lower-layer reconstruction distributor 12 and a brake actuating mechanism 20;

specifically, the deviation correction control aims at keeping the course stable near the center line of the runway during landing and running of the airplane and simultaneously shortening the distance of the sliding brake of the airplane as much as possible, so that the motion parameters for representing the yaw of the airplane during sliding are tracked in real time, and a control system can respond in time and perform dynamic control. In the landing and running process of the airplane, real-time motion state parameters comprise airplane speed V, yaw angle psi, lateral offset Y and airplane wheel speed V_rFeeding back to a double-layer controller 10, calculating by an upper-layer motion controller 11 in the double-layer controller 10 according to the obtained aircraft motion state parameters and by combining a nonlinear ground run dynamics model of the aircraft to obtain a deviation rectification control instruction, and outputting the deviation rectification control instruction to a lower-layer reconstruction distributor 12;

after obtaining the deviation correction control instruction output by the upper layer motion controller 11, the lower layer reconstruction distributor 12 in the double-layer controller 10 performs comparison processing according to the obtained airplane speed signal and the airplane wheel speed signal, further performs reconstruction optimization calculation, and then outputs the calculated distribution instruction to the corresponding brake actuating mechanism 20;

the brake executing mechanism 20 responds and executes the obtained brake command quickly, and simultaneously, the information of the motion state of the airplane wheel after the brake command is executed is fed back to the double-layer controller, so that a complete closed-loop deviation rectifying control system is formed.

Specifically, the motion state parameters of the airframe in the process of the airplane running are as follows: yaw angle psi, yaw rateLateral offset Y and rate of change of lateral offsetAnd inputting the data into a double-layer controller in real time, analyzing and calculating the motion of the airframe by using an airplane ground running dynamics model established in an upper-layer motion controller in the double-layer controller according to the input state quantity, and calculating according to a deviation correction control law to obtain a deviation correction control command delta.

Specifically, the expression of the deviation rectifying control law is as follows:

in the formula, K₁、K₂Respectively representing the proportional coefficient and the differential coefficient, K, of the deviation angle control in the differential braking deviation rectifying control strategy₃、K₄And respectively representing a proportional coefficient and a differential coefficient for controlling the side offset in the differential braking deviation rectifying control strategy, wherein the four coefficients are required to be adjusted according to the configuration parameters of the corresponding airplane type so as to obtain the optimal deviation rectifying control instruction result and the dynamic real-time response of the deviation rectifying control system.

The lower layer reconstruction distributor 12 analyzes the quantitative data of the acquired control command, then performs reconstruction calculation of the braking force so as to optimally distribute the braking force of each main wheel, outputs the braking command to the braking actuator module 20 after the calculation is completed,the brake actuating mechanism module 20 distributes and sends a brake instruction delta to the left main wheel and the right main wheel respectively according to the deviation rectifying control instruction and the reconstruction distribution instruction_l、δ_rAnd the calculated braking force of each main wheel is expressed as follows:

in the formula of_lFor a braking command, delta, to the left main wheel_rAnd (3) a right machine wheel braking instruction, namely when the deviation-rectifying braking control instruction is negative, the left main machine wheel brakes, the right main machine wheel freely rolls, and when the deviation-rectifying braking control instruction is positive, the right main machine wheel brakes, and the left main machine wheel freely rolls.

Specifically, for a large aircraft with a multi-wheel train landing gear structure, different tires of a main wheel on the same side have different stress states and different motion states in the sliding process of the aircraft, and in order to achieve a better differential braking deviation correcting effect and achieve optimal braking efficiency, a double-layer controller 10 distributes braking instructions to a left main wheel and a right main wheel and simultaneously distributes braking force signals to the main wheels according to a comparison processing result of an instant wheel speed signal of each main wheel and an aircraft speed signal when the aircraft lands and slides, namely when the speed of one wheel is larger and the wheel sliding amount is small, a braking force distributor can increase the braking force of the corresponding wheel through proper adjustment, so that the speed of the wheel can be reduced, the corresponding wheel sliding amount can be increased, and the friction force provided to the wheel by the ground can be increased accordingly, the friction force generates larger braking torque of differential braking deviation correction relative to the gravity center of the airplane, so that the deviation correction braking efficiency is improved, and each airplane wheel is in the optimal braking state, so that the whole system achieves the optimal braking efficiency.

Specifically, when the airplane drifts rightwards, the yaw angle psi and the lateral deviation displacement Y are taken as positive directions, when the airplane body drifts rightwards in the sliding process of the airplane, a deviation rectification control command signal output by the upper layer motion controller 11 is negative, at the moment, the lower layer reconstruction distributor 12 outputs a braking command to the main engine wheel braking executing mechanism 20, and simultaneously outputs a braking force intensity signal after reconstruction distribution to each main engine wheel on the left side, after the left main engine wheel braking mechanism receives the braking force intensity signal, the main engine wheels are independently braked, the whole left main engine wheel train slides relative to the ground, the wheel speed of each main engine wheel is reduced, under the combined action of the acting force of the main engine wheels and the ground, the combination coefficient between the left main engine wheel train and the ground is increased, at the moment, because the right main engine wheel braking mechanism has no braking command, each main engine wheel keeps a free rolling state, under the combined action of the acting forces of the main wheels and the ground, the right main wheel train and the ground only keep the function of rolling combination coefficient, so that the combination coefficient between the main wheel trains on the left side and the right side and the ground is different, and further the friction force borne by the main wheel trains on the two sides is changed, so that the analysis can be carried out, the combination coefficient between the main wheel on the left side and the ground is larger than that of the main wheel on the right side, so that the friction force borne by the main wheel on the left side is larger than that borne by the main wheel on the right side, the main wheel trains on the two sides can generate a friction torque difference value relative to the gravity center of the airplane, and the friction torque difference value can correct the left of the airplane in sliding motion, so that the sliding course of.

Similarly, if the airplane deviates to the left side of the airplane body during ground running, the deviation rectification control command signal output by the upper layer motion controller 11 is positive, and at the moment, the lower layer reconstruction distributor 12 can perform brake control on the right main engine wheel brake mechanism, so that the left main engine wheel train is in a free rolling state, and the purpose of performing deviation rectification control on the right side of the airplane is achieved.

Specifically, in the whole process of controlling deviation rectification of ground sliding of the airplane, after the brake actuator module 20 executes a brake command on the main wheels on both sides, signals such as the speed of the main wheels are fed back to the signal input end of the double-layer controller 10 in real time, so that the whole deviation rectification control system forms closed-loop control, thereby further improving the deviation rectification control efficiency and shortening the ground brake distance of the airplane.