阅读说明：本技术 一种高强铝合金丝/带材的制备方法 (Preparation method of high-strength aluminum alloy wire/strip ) 是由 李小平 刘骁 李润洲 张扬 雷卫宁 于 2020-12-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于金属材料及其加工工艺技术领域,一种高强度铝合金丝/带材的制备方法,步骤如下：A、将合金熔炼后喷射成形制备Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强度铝合金坯料；B、对坯料进行半固态镦粗形成锭坯；C、通过热挤压将锭坯挤压并成卷,再经过真空退火处理,形成卷材；D、将卷材进行热连轧得到线坯；E、对线坯进行固溶热处理后进行多次拉拔,进一步退火处理后再进行连续多道拉拔加工,获得高强度铝合金丝/带材。本发明丝材具有晶粒细小而致密、组织均匀、晶界界面清晰无析出物、无影响拉拔性能的层状组织的特点。有望拓宽Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强铝合金构件应用范围,为Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强铝合金焊接、增材制造提供优质的原材料。(The invention belongs to the technical field of metal materials and processing technologies thereof, and discloses a preparation method of a high-strength aluminum alloy wire/strip, which comprises the following steps: A. smelting the alloy, and then performing spray forming to prepare an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy blank; B. semi-solid upsetting is carried out on the blank to form an ingot blank; C. extruding and coiling the ingot blank through hot extrusion, and then performing vacuum annealing treatment to form a coiled material; D. carrying out hot continuous rolling on the coiled material to obtain a wire blank; E. and carrying out solution heat treatment on the wire blank, then carrying out multiple drawing, further carrying out annealing treatment, and then carrying out continuous multiple drawing processing to obtain the high-strength aluminum alloy wire/strip. The wire has the characteristics of fine and compact crystal grains, uniform structure, clear grain boundary interface without precipitates and layered structure without influencing the drawing performance. The application range of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy component is expected to be widened, and high-quality raw materials are provided for welding and additive manufacturing of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy.)

1. A preparation method of high-strength aluminum alloy wires/strips is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

A. smelting the alloy, and then performing spray forming to prepare an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy blank;

B. semi-solid upsetting is carried out on the blank to form an ingot blank;

C. extruding and coiling the ingot blank through hot extrusion, and then performing vacuum annealing treatment to form a coiled material;

D. carrying out hot continuous rolling on the coiled material to obtain a wire blank;

E. and carrying out solution heat treatment on the wire blank, then carrying out multiple drawing, further carrying out annealing treatment, and then carrying out continuous multiple drawing processing to obtain the high-strength aluminum alloy wire/strip.

2. The method for manufacturing high strength aluminum alloy wire/strip according to claim 1, wherein: the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: x is 3.5% or more and 22% or less, y is 1.5% or more and 10% or less, z is 1.0% or more and 10% or less, and the balance is Al.

3. The method for manufacturing high strength aluminum alloy wire/strip according to claim 1, wherein: in the step A, the diameter of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy blank is 90-600 mm, and the length of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy blank is 200-1200 mm.

4. The method for manufacturing high strength aluminum alloy wire/strip according to claim 1 or 3, wherein: and step B, semi-solid upsetting is to upset the blank at 460-575 ℃, and the diameter of the ingot blank formed by semi-solid upsetting is 30-330 mm.

5. The method for manufacturing high strength aluminum alloy wire/strip according to claim 1, wherein: and C, performing hot extrusion at 380-480 ℃, wherein the extrusion ratio is 20-90: 1, and the diameter/thickness of the rolled blank after the ingot blank is subjected to hot extrusion is 5-10 mm.

6. The method for manufacturing high strength aluminum alloy wire/strip according to claim 1, wherein: and C, in the step C, the vacuum annealing treatment temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the furnace cooling is carried out after the heat preservation is carried out for 10-24 hours.

7. The method for manufacturing high strength aluminum alloy wire/strip according to claim 1, wherein: and D, the diameter/thickness of the wire blank in the step D is 3.4-3.6 mm.

8. The method for manufacturing high strength aluminum alloy wire/strip according to claim 1, wherein: and E, performing solution heat treatment at the temperature of 420-570 ℃ for 2h, and then performing water quenching.

9. The method for manufacturing high strength aluminum alloy wire/strip according to claim 1, wherein: and E, carrying out annealing treatment under the condition of keeping the temperature at 200-400 ℃ for 10-24 h, cooling along with a furnace, wherein the compression ratio of continuous multi-pass drawing processing is 5-25%, and the diameter/thickness of the wire/strip is 0.8-3.2 mm.

10. The method for manufacturing high strength aluminum alloy wire/strip according to claim 1, wherein: the hot continuous rolling mode is skew rolling.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal materials and processing technologies thereof, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy wire/strip for welding and additive manufacturing.

Background

The high-strength aluminum alloy can be widely applied to the fields of aerospace, oil drilling, automobile and electronic industries, steamships, nuclear power and the like. At present, aluminum alloy occupies 70 to 80 percent of the weight of structural materials on civil aircrafts in various countries in the world, wherein most of the aluminum alloy is high-strength aluminum alloy. With the rapid development of the modern aerospace industry, the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy has wider application prospect. The method can be used for processing the components into different shapes and can be used in different application fields, so that the research on the processing and forming process has clear practical application value.

Although Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy has the advantage of high specific strength, the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy has the problems of poor plastic toughness, poor weldability and the like, so that the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy has great difficulty in processing and forming, particularly in welding, and is mainly characterized in that: (1) can be used for producing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy wires (strips) in the fields of welding and additive manufacturing. Drawing is a main plastic deformation mode for obtaining a metal wire, and for Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy, because of high Zn content, large brittleness and difficult plastic deformation, cracks are easy to generate in the technological processes of extrusion, drawing and the like to cause fragmentation, and the forming and spray forming can obtain fine-grain Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy blanks with fine grains, uniform tissues and clear grain boundary interfaces without precipitates, so that the plasticity and the toughness are improved, but simultaneously, because the spray forming cannot be compact, a layered structure is easy to form, so that the excellent performance of the alloy is influenced; (2) the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy has poor weldability, difficult weld joint forming and obvious hot cracking tendency. Particularly, because no corresponding Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy welding wire is available, 5 series or other series aluminum alloy wires with larger difference between the structure and the mechanical property and the parent metal are usually selected to be welded in the welding process of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy, the mechanical property of a welding seam is poor, the application of the high-strength aluminum alloy, particularly the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy is also limited, and the processing and the application of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy component are greatly limited by the above problems; (3) in the field of metal additive manufacturing, fuse wire additive manufacturing is an effective way for improving the quality and efficiency of high-strength aluminum alloy parts, but the additive manufacturing of the materials and the parts is limited due to the lack of corresponding aluminum alloy wires at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of poor plastic toughness and poor weldability of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a high-strength aluminum alloy wire/strip.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a preparation method of high-strength aluminum alloy wires/strips comprises the following steps:

A. smelting the alloy, and then performing spray forming to prepare an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy blank;

B. semi-solid upsetting is carried out on the blank to form an ingot blank;

C. extruding and coiling the ingot blank through hot extrusion, and then performing vacuum annealing treatment to form a coiled material;

D. carrying out hot continuous rolling on the coiled material to obtain a wire blank;

E. and carrying out solution heat treatment on the wire blank, then carrying out multiple drawing, further carrying out annealing treatment, and then carrying out continuous multiple drawing processing to obtain the high-strength aluminum alloy wire/strip.

Preferably, the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: x is 3.5% or more and 22% or less, y is 1.5% or more and 10% or less, z is 1.0% or more and 10% or less, and the balance is Al.

Further, in the step A, the diameter of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy blank is 90-600 mm, and the length of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy blank is 200-1200 mm.

Preferably, the semi-solid upsetting in the step B is upsetting the blank at 460-575 ℃, and the diameter of the ingot formed by the semi-solid upsetting is 30-330 mm.

Preferably, the hot extrusion temperature in the step C is 380-480 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 20-90: 1, and the diameter of the rolled blank after the ingot blank is subjected to hot extrusion is 5-10 mm.

Specifically, the vacuum annealing treatment temperature in the step C is 200-300 ℃, and the furnace cooling is carried out after the heat preservation is carried out for 10-24 hours.

Further, the diameter/thickness of the wire blank in the step D is 3.4-3.6 mm.

Preferably, the solution heat treatment in the step E is carried out at the temperature of 420-570 ℃ for 2h, and then water quenching is carried out.

Specifically, in the step E, the annealing treatment condition is that the temperature is kept at 200-400 ℃ for 10-24 hours, then the steel wire/strip is cooled along with a furnace, the compression ratio of continuous multi-pass drawing processing is 5-25%, and the diameter/thickness of the wire/strip is 0.8-3.2 mm.

Preferably, the hot continuous rolling is skew rolling.

Has the advantages that: the invention can obtain the fine-grained Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy blank with fine grains, uniform structure, clear grain boundary interface and no precipitate through spray forming, can eliminate the layered structure formed by spray forming through semi-solid upsetting and compact the blank; the invention also carries out solid solution heat treatment before drawing, and can effectively avoid the phenomena of wire breakage and cracks in the drawing process. The obtained wire has the characteristics of fine and compact crystal grains, uniform structure, clear crystal boundary interface, no precipitate and no layered structure influencing the drawing performance, and has good mechanical property, structural property and welding performance. The application range of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy component is expected to be widened, the welding of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy component is improved, and high-quality raw materials are provided for the welding and additive manufacturing of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy.

Detailed Description

Example 1:

for 7055 aluminum alloy, the alloy is melted and then is subjected to spray forming to obtain a blank with the diameter of 220mm, semi-solid upsetting is carried out at 460 ℃ to obtain an ingot blank with the diameter of 176mm, the ingot blank is extruded into a bar (more than 1) with the diameter of 6mm in a 380 ℃ hot extrusion mode and is coiled, and the extrusion ratio is 86: 1. And (3) placing the coiled bar in a vacuum annealing furnace for annealing treatment, and keeping the temperature for 10 hours at 300 ℃ and cooling along with the furnace. After the annealing treatment, hot continuous rolling of skew rolling was performed, and a bar having a diameter of 6mm was finish-rolled into a thick wire billet having a diameter of 3.6mm in a plurality of passes. Carrying out solution heat treatment on a thick wire blank (carrying out water extraction after heat preservation for 2h at 420 ℃), then carrying out drawing for multiple times, then carrying out intermediate annealing treatment, carrying out heat preservation for 15h at 300 ℃, then cooling along with a furnace, and then carrying out multiple drawing by adopting a continuous wire drawing machine with the compression ratio of 6-8% to obtain a 7055Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy wire with the diameter of 0.8-1.6 mm.

Example 2:

for 7075 aluminum alloy, after the alloy is smelted, a blank with the diameter of 220mm is obtained through spray forming, semi-solid upsetting is carried out at 575 ℃ to obtain an ingot blank with the diameter of 228mm, a bar with the diameter of 10mm is extruded in a 460 ℃ hot extrusion mode and is coiled (more than 1), and the extrusion ratio is 52: 1. And (3) placing the coiled bar in a vacuum annealing furnace for annealing treatment, and keeping the temperature for 24 hours at 200 ℃ and cooling along with the furnace. After the annealing treatment, hot continuous rolling was performed, and a bar having a diameter of 10mm was finish-rolled into a thick wire blank having a diameter of 3.4mm in multiple passes. Carrying out solution heat treatment on a thick wire blank (carrying out water extraction after heat preservation for 2h at 570 ℃), then carrying out drawing for multiple times, then carrying out intermediate annealing treatment, carrying out heat preservation for 10h at 400 ℃ under the condition of intermediate annealing treatment, cooling along with a furnace, and carrying out multiple drawing by adopting a continuous wire drawing machine with the compression ratio of 6-10% to obtain the 7075Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy wire with the diameter of 0.8-1.6 mm.

Example 3:

for Al-12Zn-2.4Mg-1.1Cu high-zinc aluminum alloy, the alloy is melted and then is subjected to spray forming to obtain a blank with the diameter of 220mm, semi-solid upsetting is carried out at 500 ℃ to obtain an ingot blank with the diameter of 90mm, a bar with the diameter of 6mm is obtained by hot extrusion at 480 ℃ and is coiled (more than 1), and the extrusion ratio is 20: 1. And (3) placing the coiled bar in a vacuum annealing furnace for annealing treatment, and keeping the temperature for 20 hours at 250 ℃ and cooling along with the furnace. After the annealing treatment, hot continuous rolling was performed, and a bar having a diameter of 5mm was finish-rolled into a thick wire blank having a diameter of 3.6mm in multiple passes. Carrying out solution heat treatment on a thick wire blank (keeping the temperature at 500 ℃ for 2h and then carrying out water extraction), then carrying out multiple drawing and intermediate annealing treatment, keeping the temperature at 200 ℃ for 24h and cooling along with a furnace, and then carrying out multiple drawing by using a continuous wire drawing machine with the compression ratio of 15-20% to obtain the Al-12Zn-2.4Mg-1.1Cu high-zinc aluminum alloy wire with the diameter of 0.8-1.6 mm.

Table 1 shows the performance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy wires in the embodiment of the invention.

TABLE 2 tensile mechanical properties at room temperature of the welded Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy wire in the examples of the present invention

Note: the room-temperature tensile mechanical property method of the post-welding part comprises the steps of welding the aluminum alloy base material with the same components as the wires by using the welding wires prepared in the embodiments, carrying out T6 heat treatment or not, obtaining a test sample (for example, 7055 phi 1.2 wire welding parts (T6 heat treatment) are test samples obtained by welding 7055 specification of 1.2mm to 7055 base material by using wires prepared in embodiment 1, and carrying out T6 heat treatment after welding), and carrying out part 1 of a GB/T228.1-2010 metal material tensile experiment: and (4) carrying out mechanical property test by a room-temperature stretching method, and arranging two parallel samples in each group of the heat treatment samples.

While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments thereof, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various changes and modifications can be made thereto within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.