阅读说明：本技术 一种用于工业有机玻璃材质零件的加工方法 (Machining method for industrial organic glass material part ) 是由 杨广新 施军良 安君伟 卢德冲 杨风军 刘建斌 卜西成 刘安强 刘沛 于 2020-11-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于机械加工技术领域,具体涉及一种用于工业有机玻璃材质零件的加工方法。本发明通过制定加工方案、粗加工、热处理及精加工零件内腔及外部四个步骤,通过提高零件结构的强度,避免热处理过程出现开裂现象,同时正确设定热处理工艺参数,有效均化加工应力,为精加工做好技术准备,另外,在切削加工过程中,正确确定冷却润滑方案、加工顺序、切削轨迹、切削参数,有效解决了工业有机玻璃零件加工中的崩裂问题。(The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to a machining method for an industrial organic glass material part. According to the invention, through four steps of formulating a processing scheme, rough processing, heat treatment and finish processing of the inner cavity and the outer part of the part, the cracking phenomenon in the heat treatment process is avoided by improving the structural strength of the part, meanwhile, the heat treatment process parameters are correctly set, the processing stress is effectively homogenized, technical preparation is provided for finish processing, in addition, in the cutting processing process, the cooling and lubricating scheme, the processing sequence, the cutting track and the cutting parameters are correctly determined, and the problem of cracking in the processing of the industrial organic glass part is effectively solved.)

1. A processing method for industrial organic glass material parts is characterized by comprising the following steps,

the method comprises the following steps: formulating a processing scheme;

step two: rough machining;

according to the scheme formulated in the first step, roughly machining the organic glass material part;

step three: heat treatment;

carrying out heat treatment on the part treated in the second step;

step four: and (5) finishing the inner cavity and the outer part of the part.

2. The method for manufacturing an industrial organic glass material part according to claim 1, wherein the step of preparing a manufacturing scheme comprises the steps of,

the first step is as follows: dividing a processing stage;

dividing the processing stage into rough processing, heat treatment and finish processing;

the second step is that: determining the fillet position and the process fillet parameters of the heat treatment process, and preliminarily determining the size of a finishing allowance delta value;

the third step: further determining the machining size and the part of the part before heat treatment according to the machining allowance and the technological fillet parameter preliminarily determined in the second step;

the fourth step: cooling and lubricating by air cooling of compressed air is adopted when the parts are determined to be finished;

the fifth step: and determining a feed track.

3. A process for manufacturing an industrial organic glass material part according to claim 2, characterized in that: the value of the fine machining allowance delta at each position in the first step is more than or equal to 1mm and less than or equal to 3 mm.

4. A process for manufacturing an industrial organic glass material part according to claim 2, characterized in that: the second step of heat treatment process fillet part includes the part inner chamber root, the side wall right angle junction, each step; the steps and bosses at the outer parts of the parts and the stress concentration parts.

5. A process for manufacturing an industrial organic glass material part according to claim 2, characterized in that: and in the second step, the process fillet parameter R is more than or equal to 2mm and less than or equal to 5mm, and the numerical value of the step is not more than the step height value.

6. A process for manufacturing an industrial organic glass material part according to claim 2, characterized in that: and when the machining size of the part before heat treatment is determined in the third step, the wall thickness of each part is adjusted by adjusting the finishing allowance, so that the thickness difference of the walls of the adjacent parts is not more than the thickness value of the wall of the thin part.

7. The method for processing an industrial organic glass material part according to claim 2, wherein the feed path in the fifth step is determined by the following method: when the external processing is carried out, the peripheral part is processed firstly, and then the processing is carried out towards the central part gradually; when the inner cavity is machined, the central part is machined firstly, and then the machining is gradually conducted towards the peripheral part.

8. A process for manufacturing an industrial organic glass material part according to claim 1, characterized in that: and during the heat treatment in the third step, the temperature interval for eliminating the stress of the part is 60-120 ℃, the heat preservation time is not less than 2h, the heating rate is not more than 40 ℃/h, and the cooling rate is not more than 30 ℃/h.

9. A process for manufacturing an industrial organic glass material part according to claim 1, characterized in that: and D, when the inner cavity and the outer part of the part are finely machined in the fourth step, the cutting depth of milling is 0.5-3 mm, and when the part is cut in a layered mode, the cutting depth of the last time cannot be smaller than 0.5 mm.

10. A process for manufacturing an industrial organic glass material part according to claim 9, characterized in that: the milling process adopts a dry cutting mode and is matched with a compressed air cooling mode.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to a machining method for an industrial organic glass material part.

Background

With the expansion of the application range of the polymer material in modern engineering and the improvement of the performance requirement of the polymer material, the polymer material has wider and wider application in various fields. Organic glass is a high molecular material different from metal materials, belongs to hard and brittle high polymers, and has strong notch sensitivity and poor crack expansion resistance. Particularly, structural parts have various structural changes and different wall thickness differences, stress concentration is easily caused, and the cracking phenomenon often occurs in the machining process.

At present, although the development of the mechanical processing field is very fast, due to the particularity of the properties of the material, the comprehensive consideration needs to be carried out from multiple aspects of the processing process, and the processing equipment and skill level are not singly relied on. Under the condition, how to determine a reasonable process scheme, define process parameters and knead a plurality of process technologies and measures together to form a new processing method, effectively control the cracking phenomenon of the materials, and further ensure the processing quality is a key difficult technology for processing industrial organic glass material parts.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a processing method for an industrial organic glass material part, and aims to provide a method which can effectively control the occurrence of the crack phenomenon of an organic glass material, further ensure the processing quality and improve the processing efficiency.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a processing method for an industrial organic glass material part comprises the following steps,

the method comprises the following steps: formulating a processing scheme;

step two: rough machining;

according to the scheme formulated in the first step, roughly machining the organic glass material part;

step three: heat treatment;

carrying out heat treatment on the part treated in the second step;

step four: and (5) finishing the inner cavity and the outer part of the part.

The step one for making the processing scheme comprises the following steps,

the first step is as follows: dividing a processing stage;

dividing the processing stage into rough processing, heat treatment and finish processing;

the second step is that: determining the fillet position and the process fillet parameters of the heat treatment process, and preliminarily determining the size of a finishing allowance delta value;

the third step: further determining the processing position and size of the part before heat treatment according to the processing allowance and the process fillet parameter preliminarily determined in the second step;

the fourth step: cooling and lubricating by air cooling of compressed air is adopted when the parts are determined to be finished;

the fifth step: and determining a feed track.

The value of the fine machining allowance delta at each position in the first step is more than or equal to 1mm and less than or equal to 3 mm.

The second step of heat treatment process fillet part includes the part inner chamber root, the side wall right angle junction, each step; the steps and bosses at the outer parts of the parts and the stress concentration parts.

And in the second step, the process fillet parameter R is more than or equal to 2mm and less than or equal to 5mm, and the numerical value of the step is not more than the step height value.

And when the machining size of the part before heat treatment is determined in the third step, the wall thickness of each part is adjusted by adjusting the finishing allowance, so that the thickness difference of the walls of the adjacent parts is not more than the thickness value of the wall of the thin part.

The feed track in the fifth step is determined in the following way: when the external processing is carried out, the peripheral part is processed firstly, and then the processing is carried out towards the central part gradually; when the inner cavity is machined, the central part is machined firstly, and then the machining is gradually conducted towards the peripheral part.

And during the heat treatment in the third step, the temperature interval for eliminating the stress of the part is 60-120 ℃, the heat preservation time is not less than 2h, the heating rate is not more than 40 ℃/h, and the cooling rate is not more than 30 ℃/h.

And D, when the inner cavity and the outer part of the part are finely machined in the fourth step, the cutting depth of milling is 0.5-3 mm, and when the part is cut in a layered mode, the cutting depth of the last time cannot be smaller than 0.5 mm.

The milling process adopts a dry cutting mode and is matched with a compressed air cooling mode.

Has the advantages that:

(1) the invention divides the machining process into stages, reduces the machining allowance and the machining stress in the finish machining stage, and effectively reduces the cracking phenomenon caused by stress concentration.

(2) The invention optimizes the heat treatment process and parameters and effectively homogenizes the processing stress.

(3) The invention adopts the measures of increasing allowance, adjusting wall thickness, setting process fillets and the like, effectively avoids the phenomenon of stress concentration, can improve the strength of a thin-wall part, and effectively controls the phenomenon of cracking of parts in the heat treatment process.

(4) The invention adopts a reasonable feed path, and can greatly reduce the crack phenomenon of the edge part.

(5) The invention selects reasonable cutting parameters, reduces the extrusion friction phenomenon in the processing process, and greatly reduces the cutting heat and the sintering phenomenon of materials; the final cutting depth is definitely not less than 0.5mm, the early-stage processing defects can be effectively removed, and the processing quality is improved.

(6) The invention defines a cooling and lubricating scheme and eliminates the negative effects of organic solvent on swelling of the material and the like.

(7) The method has strong operability and high popularization.

The foregoing is a summary of the present invention, and the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention in order to provide a more clear understanding of the technical features of the present invention.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a first block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a second block diagram of the organic glass component according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a third structural view of an organic glass component according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a fourth structural view of the organic glass material component according to the embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-blind hole; 2-a cavity; 3-external notch; 4-through groove; 5-step; 6-waist groove; 7-an outer surface; 8-small hole.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The first embodiment is as follows:

referring to fig. 1, a method for manufacturing an industrial organic glass material part includes the following steps,

the method comprises the following steps: formulating a processing scheme;

step two: rough machining;

according to the scheme formulated in the first step, roughly machining the organic glass material part;

step three: heat treatment;

carrying out heat treatment on the part treated in the second step;

step four: and (5) finishing the inner cavity and the outer part of the part.

Further, the step one of formulating the processing scheme comprises the following steps,

the first step is as follows: dividing a processing stage;

dividing the processing stage into rough processing, heat treatment and finish processing;

the second step is that: determining the fillet position and the process fillet parameters of the heat treatment process, and preliminarily determining the size of a finishing allowance delta value;

the third step: further determining the processing position and size of the part before heat treatment according to the processing allowance and the process fillet parameter preliminarily determined in the second step;

the fourth step: cooling and lubricating by air cooling of compressed air is adopted when the parts are determined to be finished;

the fifth step: and determining a feed track.

When the method is applied specifically, a processing scheme is firstly formulated, rough processing, heat treatment and finish processing are set, the structure of the part is reasonably adjusted by setting finishing allowance at each position and then rough processing stages, and the wall thickness difference is reduced, so that the strength of the part structure is improved, and the cracking phenomenon in the heat treatment process is avoided. The invention creatively applies the heat treatment process means to the processing process of the non-metallic material of the industrial organic glass, sets the proper heat treatment process parameters by determining the heat treatment process fillet part and the process fillet parameters, effectively homogenizes the processing stress, and prepares the technology for finish machining.

The organic glass part in the prior art generally adopts cutting and hot forming technologies, and is assisted with micro-cutting processing, so that the generated processing stress is small, and the cracking phenomenon can not be generated, so that the heat treatment process is not needed, and the cracking phenomenon is caused when the generated processing stress exceeds the tensile strength of the complex structural member formed by cutting processing. The invention creatively applies the heat treatment technology to the processing of the organic glass parts, and can effectively homogenize the processing stress and avoid cracking through the heat treatment technology.

Example two:

referring to the processing method for the industrial organic glass material part shown in fig. 1, on the basis of the first embodiment, when the heat treatment is carried out in the third step, the temperature range for eliminating the stress of the part is 60-120 ℃, the heat preservation time is not less than 2h, the temperature rise rate is not more than 40 ℃/h, and the temperature reduction rate is not more than 30 ℃/h.

When the device is in actual use, the heat treatment process of the three steps can effectively homogenize the processing stress and avoid the cracking phenomenon in the later processing.

In the field of organic glass processing, once parameters are improperly selected in the heat treatment process, the crack phenomenon is generated due to thermal stress when the temperature changes, so that the heat treatment process is not generally adopted, and the heat treatment is applied to the manufacture of industrial organic glass material parts. According to the invention, through long-term tests, the temperature rising and falling speed, the heat preservation temperature and the time length in the industrial organic glass heat treatment technology are controlled within a certain range, and the problem of cracking in the treatment process is solved.

Example three:

referring to a processing method for an industrial organic glass material part shown in fig. 1, on the basis of the second embodiment: the value of the fine machining allowance delta at each position in the first step is more than or equal to 1mm and less than or equal to 3 mm.

When in actual use, the machining allowance is reasonably selected according to the part structure between 1mm and 3mm, the machining defects in the early stage can be effectively eliminated, and the machining stress can be effectively controlled.

Example four:

referring to a processing method for an industrial organic glass material part shown in fig. 1, on the basis of the second embodiment: the second step of heat treatment process fillet part includes the part inner chamber root, the side wall right angle junction, each step; the steps and bosses at the outer parts of the parts and the stress concentration parts.

When the process fillet is set according to the scheme in actual use, the strength of the part is improved, the cracking resistance of the part is remarkably improved, and the cracking phenomenon of the part in the heat treatment process is avoided.

Example five:

referring to a processing method for an industrial organic glass material part shown in fig. 1, on the basis of the second embodiment: and in the second step, the process fillet parameter R is more than or equal to 2mm and less than or equal to 5mm, and the numerical value of the step is not more than the step height value.

When the method is used in practice, the process fillet numerical value is set according to the method, the strength requirement of the part is met, the machining allowance is not increased obviously, and the structure of the part cannot be changed greatly in two stages of rough machining and finish machining.

The concept of the part on the wall thickness before heat treatment is set according to the material characteristics and the structural characteristics of the part, and a good foundation is laid for the subsequent heat treatment process.

Example six:

referring to a processing method for an industrial organic glass material part shown in fig. 1, on the basis of the second embodiment: and when the machining size of the part before heat treatment is determined in the third step, the wall thickness of each part is adjusted by adjusting the finishing allowance, so that the thickness difference of the walls of the adjacent parts is not more than the thickness value of the wall of the thin part.

In actual use, the scheme is adopted, so that the rough machining part structure can be simplified, and the machining content is reduced; the wall thickness at each position is reasonably adjusted, for example, the allowance is increased at the thinner part of the wall thickness, so that the stress concentration of the adjacent part caused by the larger wall thickness difference can be effectively avoided, and the part is prevented from cracking at the thinner part.

In specific application, when the determined wall thickness value conflicts with the machining allowance, the scheme is used as the standard.

In specific application, when the part before heat treatment is determined, fine parts such as small holes, small cavities and the like are not required to be processed.

Example seven:

referring to a processing method for an industrial organic glass material part shown in fig. 1, on the basis of the second embodiment: the feed track in the fifth step is determined in the following way: when the external processing is carried out, the peripheral part is processed firstly, and then the processing is carried out towards the central part gradually; when the inner cavity is machined, the central part is machined firstly, and then the machining is gradually conducted towards the peripheral part.

When the tool is actually used, the feed track is determined according to the principle, so that the phenomenon of cracking of the outer edge part and the central part of the inner cavity of the part during machining can be avoided, and the surface quality is improved.

The setting of the feed track in the invention is obviously different from the conventional metal materials and other non-metal materials, and the surface processing quality can be effectively improved.

Example eight:

referring to a processing method for an industrial organic glass material part, on the basis of the first embodiment: and D, when the inner cavity and the outer part of the part are finely machined in the fourth step, the cutting depth of milling is 0.5-3 mm, and when the part is cut in a layered mode, the cutting depth of the last time cannot be smaller than 0.5 mm.

Furthermore, a dry cutting mode is adopted during milling processing, and a compressed air cooling mode is matched.

In actual use, the cutting depth of 0.5-3 mm is set, so that the machining stress can be effectively controlled, and the cracking phenomenon caused by overlarge allowance can be reduced; the final cutting depth is controlled within 0.5mm, the processing defects in the early stage can be completely eliminated, and the processing stress can be reduced; the cooling mode of dry cutting and compressed air is adopted, so that the phenomenon of cracking caused by the swelling effect of organic components in the cutting fluid on the material can be avoided.

The dry cutting adopted by the invention is assisted with the cooling scheme of compressed air, thereby not only effectively reducing the temperature of a cutting area, but also avoiding chips from attaching on the front cutter surface of the cutter to form built-up edges, and simultaneously avoiding the swelling phenomenon of an organic solvent, and being irreplaceable by other cooling and lubricating schemes.

The cutting parameters are set, so that the surface processing quality can be effectively improved.

Example nine:

referring to figures 2-5 a method for manufacturing an industrial organic glass material part is shown,

and step 1, dividing the processing stages. The machining allowances of two blind holes 1, two cavities 2, an external notch 3, a through groove 4 and a step 5 are removed in the rough machining stage, the allowances in each part are set to be 1mm preliminarily, the machining stress is homogenized in the heat treatment process, and the final requirement is ensured in the finish machining stage.

And 2, setting a heat treatment process fillet. Set up the peripheral fillet R3mm in 1 bottom surface of blind hole in two places of part, the peripheral fillet R3mm in 2 bottom surfaces of two places cavity, inner chamber processing cutter radius R2 mm, three fillets R3mm in outside breach 3, logical groove 4 position, 5 department technology fillets R1.5 mm of step.

And 3, determining the structure and the size of the part before heat treatment. Two fine structures, namely the two kidney grooves 6 and the three small holes 8, are not required in the rough machining process. Processing allowance of 1mm on the outer surface 7 of each part; the allowance of the inner side surfaces and the bottom surfaces of the two blind holes 1 is 1 mm; the machining allowance of the inner side surfaces of the peripheries of the two concave cavities 2 is increased to 2mm, and the allowance of the bottom is increased to 1.5 mm; after adjustment, the side wall thickness of the two cavities 2 at the positions with the weakest strength is adjusted to 6mm, the bottom wall thickness is adjusted to 5mm, and the wall thickness difference of the whole part is less than 1 mm.

And 4, determining a reasonable cooling and lubricating scheme. In the course of rough machining and finish machining, cutting fluid containing organic solvent such as ethanol and acetone is prohibited, dry cutting mode is adopted, and compressed air cooling mode is matched.

And 5, determining a feed track. Firstly, when the outer surface 7 is processed, a forward milling mode is adopted, the edge part is firstly processed, the processing width is 0.5mm away from the edge, and then the processing is gradually carried out towards the central part. Secondly, when the two blind holes 1 and the two cavities 2 are machined, a reverse milling mode is adopted, the side wall and the bottom are machined in a layered mode in the depth direction of the side face, the depth is 3mm each time, and the bottom is machined in a radiation mode from the center to the periphery.

And 6, rough machining. According to the scheme established in the foregoing, the machining sequence of the parts is as follows: the outer surface 7-two cavities 2-two blind holes 1-steps 5-through groove 4-external gap 3.

Step 7, heat treatment: according to the shape, the wall thickness, the structure and the like of the part, 85 +/-5 ℃ is selected as a temperature interval for stress relief of the organic glass, the heat preservation time is 4-5h, the heating rate is 35-40 ℃/h, and the cooling rate is 20-25 ℃/h.

And 8, finely machining the inner cavity and the outer parts of the part. According to the rough machining sequence, the machining of the fine part is added simultaneously: the outer surface 7, two concave cavities 2, three small holes 8, two blind holes 1, steps 5, through grooves 4, two waist grooves 6 and external notches 3.

In the step 1 and the step 3, when the structure and the size of the part are determined, the machining allowance in the step 1 is preliminarily set to be 1mm, in the step 3, the allowance of the inner side surfaces and the bottom surface of the two cavities 2 is adjusted in consideration of the wall thickness difference of each part of the part, and finally the data in the step 3 is used as the standard.

When the process fillet is set in the step 2, the process fillet R1.5 mm is arranged at the step 5, and the numerical value is smaller than the step height value.

And 3, when the structure and the size of the part are determined in the step 3, the structures of two waist grooves 6 and three small holes 8 of the part are not required in the rough machining process.

In the step 5, starting from the part structure, the situation that the crack is easy to occur is as follows: the jumping edge at the edge part of the outer surface 7, the concave cavity 2 at two positions and the inner side surface and the bottom surface of the blind hole 1 at two steps are extruded to cause cracking.

In the step 6, when the processing sequence is determined, after the processing of the two cavities 2 and the two step blind holes 1 is completed, the overall rigid structure of the structure is completely determined after the wall thickness of each part is reasonably adjusted integrally, and the clamping and positioning of the subsequent steps 5, the through grooves 4 and the external notches 3 cannot be influenced by uncertainty.

In the step 7, before the heat treatment of the part, oil stains, stains and solvents on the surface are wiped clean, so that the part is prevented from cracking caused by uneven temperature rise in the heat treatment process.

In the step 6 and the step 8, during milling, a high-speed steel universal cutter is selected, the rotating speed is 1300r/min, the feed rate is 0.1mm/r, the cutting depth is 3mm, and the last cutting depth is 0.7mm during layered cutting. The three small holes 8 are drilled and processed at the rotating speed of 480 r/min.

In actual operation, the longer the heat preservation time is, the better the temperature reduction rate is, but the economic reason is considered, the heat preservation time is controlled to be 4-5h, and the temperature reduction rate is 20-25 ℃/h.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

In the case of no conflict, a person skilled in the art may combine the related technical features in the above examples according to actual situations to achieve corresponding technical effects, and details of various combining situations are not described herein.

It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.

The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.