Synchronous motor brushless excitation system based on wireless power transmission
阅读说明：本技术 一种基于无线电能传输的同步电机无刷励磁系统 (Synchronous motor brushless excitation system based on wireless power transmission ) 是由 杜博超 高鑫 崔淑梅 于 2020-11-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明是一种基于无线电能传输的同步电机无刷励磁系统。本发明涉及无线电能传输同步电机励磁技术领域,所述系统包括直流电源、逆变器、谐振补偿网络、同步电机定子、同步电机转子、鼠笼绕组、感应线圈和励磁绕组。本发明实现了利用无线电能传输技术为同步电机励磁的功能；取代了传统电励磁同步电机的电刷,可以实现无刷励磁,提高了可靠性,降低了成本,减小了维护的难度。本发明通过电机的气隙磁场传输励磁线圈所需能量,不需要在电机的转轴上增加设备,减小了电机的轴向长度和电机体积,有助于提高电机的响应速度。(The invention relates to a brushless excitation system of a synchronous motor based on wireless power transmission. The invention relates to the technical field of excitation of a wireless power transmission synchronous motor, and the system comprises a direct-current power supply, an inverter, a resonance compensation network, a synchronous motor stator, a synchronous motor rotor, a squirrel-cage winding, an induction coil and an excitation winding. The invention realizes the function of exciting the synchronous motor by utilizing the wireless power transmission technology; the brush of the traditional electric excitation synchronous motor is replaced, brushless excitation can be realized, the reliability is improved, the cost is reduced, and the maintenance difficulty is reduced. The invention transmits the energy required by the excitation coil through the air gap magnetic field of the motor, does not need to add equipment on the rotating shaft of the motor, reduces the axial length and the volume of the motor, and is beneficial to improving the response speed of the motor.)
1. A synchronous motor brushless excitation system based on wireless power transmission is characterized in that: the system comprises a direct-current power supply, an inverter, a resonance compensation network, a synchronous motor stator and a synchronous motor rotor;
the direct current power supply provides electric energy for the whole system, the direct current power supply is connected with an inverter, the inverter is connected with a resonance compensation network, the resonance compensation network is connected with a synchronous motor stator, the synchronous motor stator is simultaneously used as a transmitting coil of wireless electric energy transmission, the synchronous motor rotor comprises a receiving coil of wireless electric energy transmission, an exciting coil and a squirrel cage winding, the receiving coil supplies power for the exciting winding after rectification, and the squirrel cage winding is used as a starting winding of the synchronous motor.
2. The brushless excitation system of the synchronous motor based on wireless power transmission as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inverter comprises an IGBT switching tube S1IGBT switch tube S2IGBT switch tube S3IGBT switch tube S4IGBT switch tube S5IGBT switch tube S6Diode D1Diode D2Diode D3Diode D4Diode D5And a diode D6；
IGBT switch tube S1One end of the IGBT switch tube S is connected with the positive electrode of the direct-current power supply4One end of the switch tube S is connected with the negative pole of the direct current power supply1The other end of the first and second switching elements is connected with the IGBT switching tube S4The other end of the IGBT switch tube S1One end of the connecting rod is respectively connected with an IGBT switch tube S3And IGBT switching tube S5Of the IGBT switching tube S4One end of the connecting rod is respectively connected with an IGBT switch tube S2And IGBT switching tube S6Of the IGBT switching tube S3And IGBT switching tube S5The other ends of the two are respectively connected with an IGBT switch tube S2And IGBT switching tube S6The other end of the diode D1Diode D2Diode D3Diode D4Diode D5And a diode D6Are respectively connected in parallel with an IGBT switch tube S1IGBT switch tube S2IGBT switch tube S3IGBT switch tube S4IGBT switch tube S5And IGBT switching tube S6The above.
3. The brushless excitation system of the synchronous motor based on wireless power transmission as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the resonance compensation network comprises an inductance LAInductor LBInductor LCInductor LaInductor LbInductor LcInductor LfAInductor LfBInductor LfCCapacitor CACapacitor CBElectricity, electricityContainer CCCapacitor CfACapacitor CfBAnd a capacitor CfC；
The inductance LAInductor LBAnd an inductance LCOne end of the inductor is respectively connected with an inverter, and the inductors LAInductor LBAnd an inductance LCThe other ends are respectively connected with an inductor LaInductor LbAnd an inductance LcOne end of said inductor LaAnother end of the inductor L is connected with the inductor LbAnd an inductance LcThe other end of (a);
the inductance LAThe other end is connected with an inductor LfAAnd a capacitor CAOne end of said inductor LfAThe other end is connected with a capacitor CfAOne terminal of said capacitor CfAThe other end of the capacitor C is connected with a capacitor CAThe other end of (a);
the inductance LBThe other end is connected with an inductor LfBAnd a capacitor CBOne end of said inductor LfBThe other end is connected with a capacitor CfBOne terminal of said capacitor CfBThe other end of the capacitor C is connected with a capacitor CBThe other end of (a);
the inductance LCThe other end is connected with an inductor LfCAnd a capacitor CCOne end of said inductor LfCThe other end is connected with a capacitor CfCOne terminal of said capacitor CfCThe other end of the capacitor C is connected with a capacitor CCAnd the other end of the same.
4. The brushless excitation system of the synchronous motor based on wireless power transmission as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inverter adopts an SPWM modulation mode and also comprises SVPWM, PFM and PDM modulation modes.
5. The brushless excitation system of the synchronous motor based on wireless power transmission as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the inverter generates a voltage and a current of two frequency components, a low frequency component omegaLFor driving the motor, high-frequency component omegaHFor wireless excitation.
6. According toThe brushless excitation system of the synchronous motor based on wireless power transmission as claimed in claim 1, wherein: under the frequency selection effect of the resonance compensation network, only omegaLAnd ωHThe two frequency components pass through, currents with corresponding frequencies are generated in the stator winding, residual frequency components are filtered, and the currents synthesized by the two frequencies generate two rotating magnetic fields with different speeds in an air gap of the motor.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless power transmission synchronous motor excitation, in particular to a synchronous motor brushless excitation system based on wireless power transmission.
Background
For the permanent magnet synchronous motor, because the air gap magnetic field is generated by the permanent magnet on the rotor, the excitation of the permanent magnet is not adjustable, and the permanent magnet has the hidden trouble of magnetic loss under the extremely severe environment, thereby limiting the development of the permanent magnet synchronous motor to a certain extent.
The air gap field of the electric excitation synchronous motor is generated by the electrified coil on the rotor, so that the strength of the magnetic field can be flexibly controlled by controlling the exciting current in the coil. Therefore, the power factor of the electrically excited synchronous motor is high and adjustable. But because of adding the excitation equipment, therefore have bulky, start complicated, dynamic response time long shortcoming. In addition, the traditional electric excitation synchronous motor needs to be timely commutated in the rotating process of the rotor through an electric brush, so that the direction of current in an excitation winding is kept unchanged, and a rotating magnetic field is generated. The existence of the electric brush reduces the reliability of the system, and the long-term mechanical contact is easy to wear, needs to be replaced regularly, and has high cost and inconvenient maintenance.
In order to overcome the drawbacks caused by brushes, brushless synchronous motors have been produced. The excitation method mainly comprises two excitation methods, one is the excitation of a rotating rectifier, a set of rotating rectifier equipment is arranged on a rotor shaft of the motor, and the rotating rectifier equipment rotates along with the rotor and supplies power to an excitation winding after being rectified into direct current. The other mode is induction type excitation, an additional rotary induction device is also required to be installed on a rotor shaft, a high-frequency alternating current is introduced into a primary side by adopting the principle of electromagnetic induction, an alternating voltage is induced at a secondary side, and the alternating voltage is rectified and filtered to supply power to an excitation winding. Although the two methods replace the electric brush, the axial length of the motor is increased, the size is large, and the dynamic response time is long.
How to increase other devices as little as possible on the basis of replacing the electric brush and improve the integration level and the response speed of the system needs further research.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the volume of the motor, improve the response speed of the system and simultaneously improve the integration level and the reliability of the system, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a brushless excitation system of a synchronous motor based on wireless power transmission comprises a direct-current power supply, an inverter, a resonance compensation network, a synchronous motor stator and a synchronous motor rotor;
the direct current power supply provides electric energy for the whole system, the direct current power supply is connected with an inverter, the inverter is connected with a resonance compensation network, the resonance compensation network is connected with a synchronous motor stator, the synchronous motor stator is simultaneously used as a transmitting coil for wireless electric energy transmission, the synchronous motor rotor comprises a receiving coil for wireless electric energy transmission, an exciting winding and a squirrel cage winding, the receiving coil supplies power for the exciting winding after rectification, and the squirrel cage winding is used as a starting winding of the synchronous motor. Preferably, the inverter comprises an IGBT switching tube S1IGBT switch tube S2IGBT switch tube S3IGBT switch tube S4IGBT switch tube S5IGBT switch tube S6Diode D1Diode D2Diode D3Diode D4Diode D5And a diode D6；
IGBT switch tube S1One end of the IGBT switch tube S is connected with the positive electrode of the direct-current power supply4One end of the switch tube S is connected with the negative pole of the direct current power supply1The other end of the first and second switching elements is connected with the IGBT switching tube S4The other end of the IGBT switch tube S1One end of the connecting rod is respectively connected with an IGBT switchPipe S3And IGBT switching tube S5Of the IGBT switching tube S4One end of the connecting rod is respectively connected with an IGBT switch tube S2And IGBT switching tube S6Of the IGBT switching tube S3And IGBT switching tube S5The other ends of the two are respectively connected with an IGBT switch tube S2And IGBT switching tube S6The other end of the diode D1Diode D2Diode D3Diode D4Diode D5And a diode D6Are respectively connected in parallel with an IGBT switch tube S1IGBT switch tube S2IGBT switch tube S3IGBT switch tube S4IGBT switch tube S5And IGBT switching tube S6The above.
Preferably, the resonance compensation network comprises an inductance LAInductor LBInductor LCInductor LaInductor LbInductor LcInductor LfAInductor LfBInductor LfCCapacitor CACapacitor CBCapacitor CCCapacitor CfACapacitor CfBCapacitor CfC；
The inductance LAInductor LBAnd an inductance LCOne end of the inductor is respectively connected with an inverter, and the inductors LAInductor LBAnd an inductance LCThe other ends are respectively connected with an inductor LaInductor LbInductor LcOne end of said inductor LaAnother end of the inductor L is connected with the inductor LbAnd an inductance LcThe other end of (a);
the inductance LAThe other end is connected with an inductor LfAAnd a capacitor CAOne end of said inductor LfAThe other end is connected with a capacitor CfAOne terminal of said capacitor CfAThe other end of the capacitor C is connected with a capacitor CAThe other end of (a);
the inductance LBThe other end is connected with an inductor LfBAnd a capacitor CBOne end of said inductor LfBThe other end is connected with a capacitor CfBOne terminal of said capacitor CfBThe other end of the capacitor C is connected with a capacitor CBAnother end of (1)；
The inductance LCThe other end is connected with an inductor LfCAnd a capacitor CCOne end of said inductor LfCThe other end is connected with a capacitor CfCOne terminal of said capacitor CfCThe other end of the capacitor C is connected with a capacitor CCAnd the other end of the same.
Preferably, the inverter adopts an SPWM modulation mode, and also comprises SVPWM, PFM and PDM modulation modes.
Preferably, the inverter generates a voltage and a current of two frequency components, a low frequency component ωLFor driving the motor, high-frequency component omegaHFor wireless excitation.
Preferably, only ω is selected by the frequency-selective action of the resonance compensation networkLAnd ωHThe two frequency components pass through, currents with corresponding frequencies are generated in the stator winding, residual frequency components are filtered, and the currents synthesized by the two frequencies generate two rotating magnetic fields with different speeds in an air gap of the motor.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention realizes the function of exciting the synchronous motor by utilizing the wireless power transmission technology; the brush of the traditional electric excitation synchronous motor is replaced, brushless excitation can be realized, the reliability is improved, the cost is reduced, and the maintenance difficulty is reduced. The invention transmits the energy required by the excitation coil through the air gap magnetic field of the motor, does not need to add equipment on the rotating shaft of the motor, reduces the axial length and the volume of the motor, and is beneficial to improving the response speed of the motor.
The invention reuses the motor controller and the motor stator winding as an inversion source and a transmitting coil of wireless power transmission respectively, thereby greatly reducing the components of the system and improving the integration level of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a brushless excitation system of a synchronous motor based on wireless power transmission;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an inverter configuration;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a resonance compensation network;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a synchronous motor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a brushless excitation system of a synchronous motor based on wireless power transmission, which specifically comprises:
a brushless excitation system of a synchronous motor based on wireless power transmission comprises a direct-current power supply, an inverter, a resonance compensation network, a synchronous motor stator, a synchronous motor rotor, a squirrel-cage winding, an induction coil and an excitation winding;
the functions of each part in the system are as follows:
direct current power supply (1): the electric energy is provided for the whole system, and comprises electric energy for excitation of the synchronous motor through wireless electric energy transmission and electric energy for driving the motor to do work outwards. The direct-current power supply equipment can be directly adopted in the implementation scheme, and the direct-current power supply equipment can also serve as a direct-current power supply after rectification and filtering of a power grid.
Inverter (2): the inverter multiplexes a circuit of a motor controller, combines the function of generating high-frequency emission current by wireless power transmission and the functions of generating a rotating magnetic field by a driving motor and driving the control motor into a whole, and is realized by adopting the same circuit topology. The inverter generates voltage and current of two main frequency components through a unique control mode, and the low-frequency component omegaLFor driving the motor, high-frequency component omegaHFor wireless excitation.
Resonance compensation network (3): the network has unique frequency selection characteristics, and through parameter design, voltage and current of two frequency components of a driving motor and wireless excitation can be allowed to pass, and other frequency components are provided with higher impedance and are filtered.
Synchronous machine stator (4): the system multiplexes an electronic winding as a transmitting coil for wireless power transmission, the structure of the system is the same as that of a common synchronous motor stator, and the difference is that the stator winding of the system contains current with two main frequency components.
Synchronous machine rotor (5): the rotor needs to adopt a non-salient pole type structure, so that the inductance of a motor winding changes little in the rotating process, and the influence on the resonance state of a system is prevented. And a set of induction coil is additionally arranged on the common rotor to receive the electric energy transmitted in a wireless electric energy transmission mode and supply the electric energy to the excitation winding of the motor for use.
Squirrel cage winding (6): synchronous motors have inherent starting problems and are driven to start by adding a squirrel cage winding, as with common synchronous motors.
Induction coil (7): the high frequency current in the stator winding can induce a high frequency alternating voltage in the coil and balance its reactance with the following series compensation capacitor to make it output with voltage source characteristics. The high-frequency alternating voltage is converted into direct current after being rectified, and the direct current is used for supplying power for the excitation winding.
Excitation winding (8): the air gap field of the synchronous motor is generated by passing current through the winding, and the synchronous motor is the same as a common synchronous motor.
The direct current power supply provides electric energy for the whole system, the direct current power supply is connected with an inverter, the inverter is connected with a resonance compensation network, the resonance compensation network is connected with a synchronous motor stator, the synchronous motor stator is simultaneously used as a transmitting coil for wireless electric energy transmission, the synchronous motor rotor comprises a receiving coil for wireless electric energy transmission, an exciting winding and a squirrel cage winding, the receiving coil supplies power for the exciting winding after rectification, and the squirrel cage winding is used as a starting winding of the synchronous motor.
The inverter comprises an IGBT switching tube S1IGBT switch tube S2IGBT switch tube S3IGBT switch tube S4IGBT switch tube S5IGBT switch tube S6Diode D1Diode D2Diode D3Diode D4Diode D5And a diode D6；
IGBT switch tube S1One end of the IGBT switch tube S is connected with the positive electrode of the direct-current power supply4One end of the switch tube S is connected with the negative pole of the direct current power supply1The other end of the first and second switching elements is connected with the IGBT switching tube S4The other end of the IGBT switch tube S1One end of the connecting rod is respectively connected with an IGBT switch tube S3And IGBT switching tube S5Of the IGBT switching tube S4One end of the connecting rod is respectively connected with an IGBT switch tube S2And IGBT switching tube S6Of the IGBT switching tube S3And IGBT switching tube S5The other ends of the two are respectively connected with an IGBT switch tube S2And IGBT switching tube S6The other end of the diode D1Diode D2Diode D3Diode D4Diode D5And a diode D6Are respectively connected in parallel with an IGBT switch tube S1IGBT switch tube S2IGBT switch tube S3IGBT switch tube S4IGBT switch tube S5And IGBT switching tube S6The above.
The resonance compensation network comprises an inductance LAInductor LBInductor LCInductor LaInductor LbInductor LcInductor LfAInductor LfBInductor LfCCapacitor CACapacitor CBCapacitor CCCapacitor CfACapacitor CfBCapacitor CfC；
The inductance LAInductor LBAnd an inductance LCOne end of the inductor is respectively connected with an inverter, and the inductors LAInductor LBAnd an inductance LCThe other ends are respectively connected with an inductor LaInductor LbInductor LcOne end of said inductor LaAnother end of the inductor L is connected with the inductor LbAnd an inductance LcThe other end of (a);
the inductance LAThe other end is connected with an inductor LfAAnd a capacitor CAOne end of said inductor LfAThe other end is connected with a capacitor CfAOne terminal of said capacitor CfAThe other end of the capacitor C is connected with a capacitor CAThe other end of (a);
the inductance LBThe other end is connected with an inductor LfBAnd a capacitor CBOne end of said inductor LfBThe other end is connected with a capacitor CfBOne end of (A)Said capacitor CfBThe other end of the capacitor C is connected with a capacitor CBThe other end of (a);
the inductance LCThe other end is connected with an inductor LfCAnd a capacitor CCOne end of said inductor LfCThe other end is connected with a capacitor CfCOne terminal of said capacitor CfCThe other end of the capacitor C is connected with a capacitor CCAnd the other end of the same.
The inverter adopts an SPWM modulation mode and also comprises SVPWM, PFM and PDM modulation modes. The inverter draws energy from a DC source and generates the energy in omega by a special modulation method (e.g. SPWM modulation method)LAnd ωHTwo frequency components are the dominant output voltages. Under the frequency selection effect of the resonance compensation network, only omegaLAnd ωHTwo frequency components pass, resulting in a current in the stator winding at the corresponding frequency, while the other frequency components are filtered out. The resultant currents of the two frequencies produce two rotating magnetic fields in the air gap of the machine at different speeds. Due to the induction coil pair high frequency component omegaHIs low, so that a voltage is induced therein, and is rectified to be direct current and conducted to the excitation winding. The current flowing through the excitation winding generates a constant magnetic field in space, and the constant magnetic field and the low-frequency component omega in the stator windingLThe generated magnetic fields interact with each other, and finally the rotor always follows omegaLThe rotating magnetic field corresponding to the component plays the role of a synchronous motor.
The inverter generates a voltage and a current of two frequency components, a low frequency component omegaLFor driving the motor, high-frequency component omegaHFor wireless excitation.
The invention can be used in the excitation and driving scenes of the electrically excited synchronous motor, and the adopted three-phase full-bridge inversion topology shown in figure 2 simultaneously realizes two functions of a transmission source and a motor controller for wireless power transmission. The three-phase double-frequency resonance compensation topology shown in fig. 3 is adopted to realize the selective passing of two frequency components. The synchronous motor structure shown in fig. 4 is adopted, the stator comprises an iron core and a stator winding, and the rotor comprises the iron core, a squirrel cage start winding, an induction coil, an excitation winding and the like. Connecting according to the system topology shown in FIG. 1The inverter adopts an SPWM modulation mode, the frequency of the modulation wave is equal to omegaLFor generating a synchronous rotating magnetic field, the carrier frequency being equal to ωHAnd the wireless power transmission device is used for transmitting wireless power to the excitation winding for power supply.
The inverter can also have various modulation methods such as SVPWM, PFM, PDM and the like, the resonance compensation topology can also adopt various high-order multi-resonance-point topologies, and the stator and rotor structure of the synchronous motor can also have various special designs and can be configured into a synchronous motor wireless excitation system.
Under the frequency selection effect of the resonance compensation network, only omegaLAnd ωHThe two frequency components pass through, currents with corresponding frequencies are generated in the stator winding, residual frequency components are filtered, and the currents synthesized by the two frequencies generate two rotating magnetic fields with different speeds in an air gap of the motor.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the brushless excitation system of the synchronous motor based on wireless power transmission, and the protection range of the brushless excitation system of the synchronous motor based on wireless power transmission is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea belong to the protection range of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and variations which do not depart from the gist of the invention will be those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains and which are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
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