阅读说明：本技术 一种以香茅为主原料的牛羊青贮饲料及其制作方法 (Cattle and sheep silage taking citronella as main raw material and preparation method thereof ) 是由 吴水金 邱珊莲 李跃森 李海明 黄惠明 郑开斌 于 2020-12-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种以香茅为主原料的牛羊青贮饲料及其制作方法,所述方法包括如下步骤,1)将红糖完全溶解于水中得到红糖水,红糖占水质量的4.8-5.2%,把尿素按质量比1:45-55的比例溶于红糖水中,混匀,得到发酵液；选择在晴天收割未开花香茅草及鬼针草,晾晒后用破碎机打碎；3)将打碎后的香茅草、鬼针草和发酵液按照质量比为75-80∶20-25∶1的比例混合均匀,再用打捆包膜机打捆密封,常温发酵,得到牛羊青贮饲料。本发明通过将香茅草、鬼针草切碎,添加发酵液进行青贮发酵,制备出具备抗病作用,适口性优良、营养丰富均衡饲料,为香茅草作为饲料的开发利用提供了科学依据和规范。(The invention discloses a cattle and sheep silage taking citronella as a main raw material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps of 1) completely dissolving brown sugar in water to obtain brown sugar water, wherein the brown sugar accounts for 4.8-5.2% of the mass of the water, dissolving urea in the brown sugar water according to the mass ratio of 1:45-55, and uniformly mixing to obtain fermentation liquor; harvesting non-flowering lemongrass and sticktight on sunny days, airing, and crushing by using a crusher; 3) uniformly mixing the smashed lemongrass, sticktight and fermentation liquor according to the mass ratio of 75-80: 20-25: 1, bundling and sealing by using a bundling and film wrapping machine, and fermenting at normal temperature to obtain the cattle and sheep silage. The invention cuts up the lemongrass and the sticktight, adds the fermentation liquor to perform ensiling fermentation, prepares the feed with disease resistance, excellent palatability and rich and balanced nutrition, and provides scientific basis and standard for the development and utilization of the lemongrass as the feed.)

1. A method for preparing cattle and sheep silage taking citronella as a main raw material is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

1) dissolving brown sugar in water completely to obtain brown sugar water, wherein the brown sugar accounts for 4.8-5.2% of the water by mass, dissolving urea in the brown sugar water according to the mass ratio of 1:45-55, and mixing uniformly to obtain fermentation liquor;

2) harvesting non-flowering lemongrass and sticktight on sunny days, airing, and crushing by using a crusher;

3) uniformly mixing the smashed lemongrass, sticktight and fermentation liquor according to the mass ratio of 75-80: 20-25: 1, bundling and sealing by using a bundling and film wrapping machine, and fermenting at normal temperature to obtain the cattle and sheep silage.

2. The method for preparing the silage taking citronella as a main raw material for cattle and sheep as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1), the water temperature for dissolving the brown sugar is 38-42 ℃.

3. The method for preparing the silage taking citronella as a main raw material for cattle and sheep as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 2), the lemongrass and the sticktight are aired until the water content is 64-66%.

4. The method for preparing the silage taking citronella as a main raw material for cattle and sheep as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3), the mass ratio of the lemongrass to the sticktight to the fermentation liquor is 80: 20: 1.

5. The method for preparing the silage taking citronella as a main raw material for cattle and sheep as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3), the fermentation time is not less than 30 days.

6. The silage for cattle and sheep obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of feeds, in particular to a cattle and sheep silage taking citronella as a main raw material and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Lemongrass, also known as Cymbopogon citratus, a perennial herb of the genera lemongrass and lemongrass of the family poaceae. The stalks are thin and weak, clustered, upright, nearly hairless and the nodes are expanded. The leaf sheath is hairless, the base part is broken mostly, and the upper part is shorter than the internode; the leaf tongue is blunt and round, membranous, and the tip is broken irregularly; a narrow shape of the blade; both sides are nearly unhairing, with white powder. The lemon beverage is natural and has the effects of regulating stomach, ventilating, restoring consciousness and promoting estrus.

The lemongrass is mainly distributed in Yunnan region, Shanxi, Gansu, Henan, south of the Yangtze river and Fujian partial region in Yunnan province in China.

In southeast Asia, Dai nationality people in China prefer to use lemongrass as a seasoning, the salted and flavored crucian and tilapia are wrapped, and the crucian and tilapia are slowly roasted by charcoal with small fire until the crucian and tilapia are well cooked, so that the taste of the crucian and tilapia is fresh, tender and delicious. The dai nationality uses tender shoots and small leaves of the lemongrass as spices to cook dishes, wherein the most famous is the 'lemongrass roasted chicken' which is full red in color and luster, crisp in delicate flavor, tender and tasty, and reputed in spring city. The lemongrass beef made of the lemongrass leaves has unique fragrance and obvious curative effect on the gastroenteritis. And the variety of the fresh shrimp meat is rich and the number of the fresh shrimp meat is too many. In addition, the lemongrass lemon tea and other beverages prepared from the lemongrass are also excellent drinks.

The lemongrass can extract spices and medicines, and also contains rich nutrient substances such as protein, fat, crude fiber and the like, so that the lemongrass is an excellent feed resource for cattle and sheep. The lemongrass is used for feeding the beef and mutton, and the contained spice substances can obviously improve the quality of the beef and mutton, reduce the smell of the mutton, and ensure that the mutton has strong fragrance and unique flavor. The medicinal components contained in the lemongrass have obvious curative effect on preventing and treating diseases such as bovine and sheep pleuropneumonia, diarrhea, aphtha of sheep and the like, and are beneficial to improving the digestibility and the absorptivity of the bovine and sheep. The fragrance emitted when the citronella grass is fed can effectively dispel mosquitoes in the sheep house, and the medicinal substances digested and absorbed by the cattle and sheep in the body can prevent infection caused by mosquito bites. Therefore, the feed of the lemongrass is very beneficial to the healthy growth of the cattle and the sheep, the growth is rapid, and the cattle and the sheep can be slaughtered in advance.

However, the preparation of lemongrass as a feed for cattle and sheep has previously presented some problems that are difficult to overcome. In a natural state, the stem leaves of the lemongrass emit rich special fragrance, and cattle and sheep do not accept the pungent taste, so that the cattle and sheep do not like to eat the fresh lemongrass. In addition, the texture of the lemongrass is hard, a waxy layer covers the surface of a plant, villi grow on the upper and lower parts of a leaf, the edge of the leaf is provided with bristles, and the palatability of the fresh lemongrass eaten by cattle and sheep directly is poor. Therefore, the direct use of lemongrass as a feed is not feasible, and studies are being made to improve the palatability of lemongrass.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a cattle and sheep silage taking citronella as a main raw material and a preparation method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a method for preparing cattle and sheep silage taking citronella as a main raw material comprises the following steps of harvesting, chopping, mixing, sealing, fermenting and the like, wherein the citronella grass and sticktight have the functions of resisting bacteria and promoting digestion, the nutritive value and the palatability of the citronella silage are improved, and the storage life is prolonged, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

1) dissolving brown sugar in water completely to obtain brown sugar water, wherein the brown sugar accounts for 4.8-5.2% of the water by mass, dissolving urea in the brown sugar water according to the mass ratio of 1:45-55, and mixing uniformly to obtain fermentation liquor;

2) harvesting non-flowering lemongrass and sticktight on sunny days, airing, and crushing by using a crusher;

3) uniformly mixing the smashed lemongrass, sticktight and fermentation liquor according to the mass ratio of 75-80: 20-25: 1, bundling and sealing by using a bundling and film wrapping machine, and fermenting at normal temperature to obtain the cattle and sheep silage.

In the step 1), the water temperature for dissolving the brown sugar is 38-42 ℃.

In the step 2), the lemongrass and the sticktight are aired until the water content is 64-66%.

In the step 3), the mass ratio of the lemongrass to the sticktight to the fermentation liquor is 80: 20: 1.

In the step 3), the fermentation time is not less than 30 days.

The invention cuts up the lemongrass and the sticktight, adds the fermentation liquor to perform ensiling fermentation, prepares the feed with disease resistance, excellent palatability and rich and balanced nutrition, and provides scientific basis and standard for the development and utilization of the lemongrass as the feed.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the results of the weight change of goats fed with citronella silage.

FIG. 2 shows the results of the changes in body weight of goats fed with the control group feed.

Detailed Description

Example 1

A method for preparing cattle and sheep silage taking citronella as a main raw material comprises the following steps:

1) dissolving brown sugar completely in 38 deg.C warm water to obtain brown sugar water, the brown sugar accounts for 4.8% of water, dissolving urea in brown sugar water at a mass ratio of 1:45, and mixing to obtain fermentation liquid;

2) harvesting non-flowering citronella grass and sticktight on sunny days, airing for 3 hours to ensure that the water content of the harvested citronella grass and sticktight is 66%, and then smashing the aired citronella grass and sticktight by a soft silk crusher produced by Daqu Fuxin combined with the manufacturing company of the duplex industry, Ltd;

3) uniformly mixing the smashed lemongrass, sticktight and fermentation liquor according to the mass ratio of 75: 25: 1, and then using a ensilage bundling and film coating machine (model: XL-5552) are bundled and sealed, the size of the silage packet is 60cm multiplied by 50cm, each packet is 40kg, and the silage packet is stored at normal temperature;

4) sealing for 30 days, and then unsealing for use, wherein the finished product of the bidens citronella grass silage is yellow-green, has obvious sour taste, is light fragrant, moist, loose, soft and good in palatability.

Example 2

A method for preparing cattle and sheep silage taking citronella as a main raw material comprises the following steps:

1) completely dissolving brown sugar in 42 ℃ warm water to obtain brown sugar water, wherein the brown sugar accounts for 5.2% of the water by mass, dissolving urea in the brown sugar water according to the mass ratio of 1:55, and uniformly mixing to obtain fermentation liquor;

2) harvesting non-flowering citronella grass and sticktight on sunny days, airing for 5 hours to ensure that the water content of the harvested citronella grass and sticktight is 64%, and then smashing the aired citronella grass and sticktight by a soft silk crusher produced by Daqu Fuxin combined with the manufacturing company of the duplex industry, Ltd;

3) uniformly mixing the smashed lemongrass, sticktight and fermentation liquor according to the mass ratio of 78: 22: 1, and then using a ensilage bundling and film coating machine (model: XL-5552) are bundled and sealed, the size of the silage packet is 60cm multiplied by 50cm, each packet is 40kg, and the silage packet is stored at normal temperature;

4) sealing for 30 days, and then unsealing for use, wherein the finished product of the bidens citronella grass silage is yellow-green, has obvious sour taste, is light fragrant, moist, loose, soft and good in palatability.

Example 3

A method for preparing cattle and sheep silage taking citronella as a main raw material comprises the following steps:

1) completely dissolving brown sugar in warm water at 40 ℃ to obtain brown sugar water, wherein the brown sugar accounts for 5.0% of the water by mass, dissolving urea in the brown sugar water according to the mass ratio of 1:50, and uniformly mixing to obtain fermentation liquor;

2) harvesting non-flowering citronella grass and sticktight on sunny days, airing for 4 hours to ensure that the water content of the harvested citronella grass and sticktight is 65%, and then smashing the aired citronella grass and sticktight by a soft silk crusher produced by Daqu Fuxin combined with the manufacturing company of the duplex industry, Ltd;

3) uniformly mixing the smashed lemongrass, sticktight and fermentation liquor according to the mass ratio of 80: 20-1, and then using a green storage bundling and film coating machine (model: XL-5552) are bundled and sealed, the size of the silage packet is 60cm multiplied by 50cm, each packet is 40kg, and the silage packet is stored at normal temperature;

4) sealing for 30 days, and then unsealing for use, wherein the finished product of the bidens citronella grass silage is yellow-green, has obvious sour taste, is light fragrant, moist, loose, soft and good in palatability.

5) And (3) detection: sampling different parts and detecting. Observing color, smell, and animal feeding condition, and determining crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, calcium, etc. The nutritional value and the palatability of the ensiled citronella are obviously improved.

Comparative example 1

The preparation method of the feed of the comparative example is as follows:

1) dissolving brown sugar completely in 38 deg.C warm water to obtain brown sugar water, the brown sugar accounts for 4.8% of water, dissolving urea in brown sugar water at a mass ratio of 1:45, and mixing to obtain fermentation liquid;

2) harvesting non-flowering citronella grass and sticktight on sunny days, airing for 3 hours to ensure that the water content of the harvested citronella grass and sticktight is 66%, and then smashing the aired citronella grass and sticktight by a soft silk crusher produced by Daqu Fuxin combined with the manufacturing company of the duplex industry, Ltd;

3) uniformly mixing the smashed lemongrass, the smashed spanishneedles herb and the fermentation liquor according to the mass ratio of 75: 25: 1.

The ingredient measurements of the citronella silage prepared in example 1 and the feed product of comparative example 1 are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 ingredient determination results for feed products

The citronella silage prepared in example 1 and the feed product of comparative example 1 (control group) were used to feed goats for a total of 270 days, and the weight change was measured, as shown in fig. 1 and 2 and table 2.

TABLE 2 weight gain after 270 days feeding citronella silage

TABLE 3 diseased status during 270d feeding of citronella silage

The results show that the citronella silage prepared by the method has obvious effect of feeding goats, (1) the disease resistance of the goats is enhanced, the morbidity of respiratory diseases and digestive tract diseases is reduced, and in the process of feeding for 270 days, the goats in a control group are ill for 13 times, and the citronella group is only fed for 4 times; (2) the weight of the goat is promoted to maintain stable increase, the weight of a control group is increased by 7.85kg after the goat is fed for 270 days, and the weight of the citronella group is increased by 13.61kg, which is 1.73 times of that of the control group.