阅读说明：本技术 保留天然生物活性的婴幼儿配方奶粉的制备方法 (Preparation method of infant formula milk powder with natural bioactivity ) 是由 陈建行 贾晓江 刘建光 朱宏 朱素芳 刘海荣 贾军燕 于 2020-06-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于乳品加工领域,公开了一种保留天然生物活性的婴幼儿配方奶粉的制备方法,是取原料牛奶经离心分离、第一次微滤除菌、混料、第二次微滤除菌、油脂在线添加、均质、蒸发浓缩、喷雾干燥和流化床冷却干燥后,即得。本发明从挤奶至成粉整个过程控制在2h之内,同时降低了生产过程中的热处理强度,使鲜牛乳中乳铁蛋白、IgG、过氧化物酶和溶菌酶活性保持在80%以上,有效保持了牛奶中的免疫成分的生物活性,提升了婴幼儿配方奶粉的免疫指数。本发明用于生产婴幼儿配方奶粉。(The invention belongs to the field of dairy processing, and discloses a preparation method of infant formula milk powder with natural bioactivity. The whole process from milking to powdering is controlled within 2 hours, the heat treatment strength in the production process is reduced, the activities of lactoferrin, IgG, peroxidase and lysozyme in fresh milk are kept above 80%, the biological activity of immune components in the milk is effectively kept, and the immune index of the infant formula milk powder is improved. The invention is used for producing infant formula milk powder.)

1. The preparation method of the infant formula milk powder with the natural bioactivity is characterized in that the infant formula milk powder with the natural bioactivity is obtained by taking raw milk, performing centrifugal separation, primary microfiltration sterilization, wet mixing, secondary microfiltration sterilization, online grease addition, homogenization, evaporation concentration, spray drying and fluidized bed cooling drying.

2. The method for preparing infant formula milk powder with natural bioactivity according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the two times of microfiltration sterilization is 6-10 ℃, the aperture of the microfiltration membrane is 0.8-1.6 μm, and the membrane area is 20-35 m²The transmembrane pressure difference is 21-41 kPa, and the circulating flow rate of the trapped fluid is 6-8 m/s; the flux of the permeate liquid membrane for the first microfiltration and sterilization is 900-1000 L.m^-2·h^-1Said secondThe flux of the permeate liquid membrane for secondary microfiltration and sterilization is 300-800 L.m^-2·h^-1。

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the two microfiltration sterilization steps are uniform transmembrane pressure difference microfiltration sterilization; the microfiltration membrane is a ceramic membrane.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the milk is milk, cooled, and rapidly tested and qualified.

5. The method for preparing the infant formula milk powder with the natural bioactivity as claimed in claim 4, wherein the raw milk is temporarily stored for less than or equal to 10min after being milked and the temperature is 6-10 ℃.

6. Process for the preparation of an infant formula retaining natural biological activity according to any one of claims 1 to 5,

the milk raw material contains 2.8-3.4% of protein, 4.5-5.2% of lactose, 3.5-4.0% of fat, 12.0-13.5% of dry matter, less than or equal to 2 ten thousand CFU/mL of colony total number, less than or equal to 20 ten thousand somatic cells/mL, and zero residual contents of melamine and veterinary drugs;

after the centrifugal separation, the obtained skim milk contains 2.6-3.5% of protein, 4.5-5.3% of lactose, 8.0-9.5% of dry matter, less than or equal to 0.1% of fat, less than or equal to 1100CFU/mL of total number of colonies, and zero spore content;

after the first microfiltration sterilization, the obtained penetrating fluid A contains colony total number less than or equal to 30CFU/mL, and the contents of spores and somatic cells are zero;

after the wet mixing and proportioning, the obtained mixed material liquid B contains 12-36% of solid matters by weight, less than 1000CFU/mL of total number of bacterial colonies and less than 10 spores/mL;

after the second microfiltration sterilization, the obtained penetrating fluid C contains less than 30CFU/mL of total number of bacterial colonies and zero spore content;

after evaporation and concentration, the obtained concentrated milk D contains 50-55% of solid by weight;

after the spray drying, the weight fraction of water in the obtained powder E is less than or equal to 5.0 percent;

the weight percentage of the water in the infant formula milk powder retaining natural biological activity is less than or equal to 4 percent.

7. Process for the preparation of an infant formula retaining natural biological activity according to any one of claims 1 to 5,

the temperature of the centrifugal separation is 6-10 ℃;

the wet mixing ingredients are prepared by adding desalted whey powder, whey protein powder, lactose and other milk-containing raw materials at 6-10 ℃ and 0.45-0.8 bar, and stirring and mixing the materials at 1400-3000rpm, wherein the total time of the wet mixing ingredients is 15-25 min;

before the grease is added on line, the penetrating fluid C needs to be preheated to 25-55 ℃;

the online addition of the grease is that the grease is metered online in equal proportion, and the online addition temperature of the grease is 25-55 ℃;

the homogenizing conditions comprise a primary homogenizing pressure of 120-160 bar and a secondary homogenizing pressure of 30-50 bar;

preheating the feed liquid F obtained after homogenization to 65-70 ℃ before evaporation and concentration;

the conditions of evaporation concentration are as follows: the temperature of the first-effect evaporation is 65-70 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 0.75-0.8 bar; the temperature of the double-effect evaporation is 60-65 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 0.8-0.85 bar; the temperature of the triple effect evaporation is 55-60 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 0.85-0.95 bar; the condensation temperature is 50-55 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 0.85-0.95 bar;

the spray drying is low-temperature spray drying, the air inlet temperature is 30-120 ℃, the air exhaust temperature is 15-70 ℃, and the air inlet temperature of a static fluidized bed is 25-60 ℃;

the fluidized bed cooling drying is four-section dynamic fluidized bed drying, the air inlet temperature of the first section and the second section is 25-45 ℃, and the air inlet temperature of the third section and the fourth section is 15-30 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of dairy processing, relates to milk processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of infant formula milk powder with natural bioactivity.

Background

About 1600-1800 ten thousand babies are born in China every year, and 200 ten thousand newborns are newly added every year along with the gradual release of the two-fetus policy. Wherein the pure breast-milk feeding rate of infants in 0-6 months is 27.8%, the pure breast-milk feeding rate in rural areas is 30.3%, the pure breast-milk feeding rate in cities is only 15.8%, and the infant formula milk powder becomes the best choice for tens of millions of parents except breast milk. According to the AC Nielson monitoring data, about 600 million yuan of infant formula milk powder is sold in the Chinese market in 2016, the infant formula milk powder is expanded to 1200 million yuan in 2016-2019, the annual growth rate is about 20%, and China replaces the United states to become the first world large infant formula milk powder consuming country. How to provide safe, nutritional and healthy infant formula milk powder for Chinese babies still remains a major problem to be urgently solved at present.

Commercially available infant formula milk powder is divided into two types of milk-based infant formula milk powder and soy-based infant formula milk powder, wherein the milk-based infant formula milk powder accounts for more than 90 percent. The cow milk not only contains rich nutritional ingredients such as protein, fat, lactose, minerals and vitamins, but also can provide immune active ingredients such as immunoglobulin, lactoferrin, lysozyme, peroxidase and the like for infants. The immune system of the newborn is not developed perfectly, the immunoglobulin synthesized by the newborn is not enough to resist the invasion of pathogen and is easy to be infected by bacteria and virus, and the immune active ingredients in the cow milk can provide passive immunity for the newborn to a certain extent and improve the disease resistance of the newborn. Therefore, the biological activity of immune components in the cow milk is maintained in the processing process of the infant formula milk powder, the infant formula milk powder is beneficial to improving the infant immunity and reducing the risks of infection and diseases.

The biological activity of the immunological components in cow's milk is susceptible to the intensity of heat treatment and storage time. Immunoglobulin, lactoferrin, peroxidase and lysozyme in cow milk belong to heat-sensitive protein substances, and are easy to denature to different degrees in the heat treatment process at the temperature of more than 70 ℃. In the process of storing cow milk for a long time (0-6 ℃), extracellular protease secreted by partial bacteria can decompose and destroy the structure of an immunocompetent substance, so that the bioactivity of the immunocompetent substance is lost. Therefore, reduction of heat treatment intensity, reduction of storage time, and effective control of growth and reproduction of microorganisms during processing are important measures for maintaining biological activity of immune components.

At present, the wet process is the mainstream of the production process of the infant formula milk powder on the global scale. The wet process is mainly the links of milking, cooling temporary storage (average 6h), transportation (average 10h), factory inspection (average 1h), milk collection (average 3h), centrifugal separation, high-temperature pasteurization (80-90 ℃ for 15s), cooling temporary storage (average 8h), wet mixed materials (40-60 ℃), cooling temporary storage (average 6h), high-temperature short-time sterilization (85-140 ℃ for 2-15 s), evaporation concentration (45-75 ℃) and spray drying (air inlet temperature 160-200 ℃ and air exhaust temperature 85-98 ℃) and fluidized bed cooling drying (25-70 ℃), wherein the average time from milking to processing state is about 20h, and the average time from milking to powder forming is about 34 h. The long-time storage and high-intensity heat treatment of the milk can seriously destroy the biological activity of immune components in the milk, which is the current situation of the global infant formula milk powder production process. Therefore, the development of a low-temperature short-time infant milk powder production process from milking to powdering is urgently needed, which is used for reducing the intermediate storage time, reducing the heat treatment intensity, effectively controlling the microbial quantity in the production process, effectively maintaining the biological activity of immune components in the milk and improving the immune index of the infant formula milk powder.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation method of infant formula milk powder with natural bioactivity, so that the bioactivity of immune components in milk raw materials can be effectively maintained in the product.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a preparation method of infant formula milk powder with natural bioactivity is characterized by taking raw milk, and performing centrifugal separation, primary microfiltration sterilization, wet mixing and proportioning, secondary microfiltration sterilization, online grease addition, homogenization, evaporative concentration, spray drying and fluidized bed cooling drying on the raw milk to obtain the infant formula milk powder with natural bioactivity.

As a limitation, the temperature of the two times of microfiltration sterilization is 6-10 ℃, the aperture of the microfiltration membrane is 0.8-1.6 mu m, and the membrane area is 20-35 m²The transmembrane pressure difference is 21-41 kPa, and the circulating flow rate of the trapped fluid is 6-8 m/s; the flux of the permeate liquid membrane for the first microfiltration and sterilization is 900-1000 L.m^-2·h^-1The flux of the permeate liquid membrane for the second microfiltration and sterilization is 300-800 L.m^-2·h^-1。

As a further limitation, the two times of microfiltration sterilization are uniform transmembrane pressure difference microfiltration sterilization; the microfiltration membrane is a ceramic membrane.

As another limitation, the raw milk is fresh milk which is qualified by milking, cooling and rapid detection.

As a further limitation, the used raw material milk is temporarily stored for less than or equal to 10min after being milked, and the temperature is 6-10 ℃.

As a third limitation, the milk raw material contains 2.8-3.4% of protein, 4.5-5.2% of lactose, 3.5-4.0% of fat, 12.0-13.5% of dry matter, less than or equal to 2 ten thousand CFU/mL of colony total number, less than or equal to 20 ten thousand somatic cells/mL, and the residual contents of melamine and veterinary drugs are zero;

after the centrifugal separation, the obtained skim milk contains 2.6-3.5% of protein, 4.5-5.3% of lactose, 8.0-9.5% of dry matter, less than or equal to 0.1% of fat, less than or equal to 1100CFU/mL of total number of colonies, and zero spore content;

after the first microfiltration sterilization, the obtained penetrating fluid A contains colony total number less than or equal to 30CFU/mL, and the contents of spores and somatic cells are zero;

after the wet mixing and proportioning, the obtained mixed material liquid B contains 12-36% of solid matters by weight, less than 1000CFU/mL of total number of bacterial colonies and less than 10 spores/mL;

after the second microfiltration sterilization, the obtained penetrating fluid C contains less than 30CFU/mL of total number of bacterial colonies and zero spore content;

after evaporation and concentration, the obtained concentrated milk D contains 50-55% of solid by weight;

after the spray drying, the weight fraction of water in the obtained powder E is less than or equal to 5.0 percent;

the weight percentage of the water in the infant formula milk powder retaining natural biological activity is less than or equal to 4 percent.

As a fourth limitation, the temperature of the centrifugal separation is 6-10 ℃;

the wet mixing ingredients are prepared by adding desalted whey powder, whey protein powder, lactose and other milk-containing raw materials at 6-10 ℃ and 0.45-0.8 bar, and stirring and mixing the materials at 1400-3000rpm, wherein the total time of the wet mixing ingredients is 15-25 min;

before the grease is added on line, the penetrating fluid C needs to be preheated to 25-55 ℃;

the online addition of the grease is that the grease is metered online in equal proportion, and the online addition temperature of the grease is 25-55 ℃;

the homogenizing conditions comprise a primary homogenizing pressure of 120-160 bar and a secondary homogenizing pressure of 30-50 bar;

preheating the feed liquid F obtained after homogenization to 65-70 ℃ before evaporation and concentration;

the conditions of evaporation concentration are as follows: the temperature of the first-effect evaporation is 65-70 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 0.75-0.8 bar; the temperature of the double-effect evaporation is 60-65 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 0.8-0.85 bar; the temperature of the triple effect evaporation is 55-60 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 0.85-0.95 bar; the condensation temperature is 50-55 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 0.85-0.95 bar;

the spray drying is low-temperature spray drying, the air inlet temperature is 30-120 ℃, the air exhaust temperature is 15-70 ℃, and the air inlet temperature of a static fluidized bed is 25-60 ℃;

the fluidized bed cooling drying is four-section dynamic fluidized bed drying, the air inlet temperature of the first section and the second section is 25-45 ℃, and the air inlet temperature of the third section and the fourth section is 15-30 ℃.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical progress that:

the whole process from milking to powdering is controlled within 2 hours, the microfiltration sterilization technology is adopted to replace the existing thermal sterilization process, the damage of the heat treatment to the nutrient components and the immune active components in the milk is reduced, and bacteria, somatic cells and residual spores in the skim milk are effectively removed; the low-temperature vacuum high-shear mixing technology is used for replacing the existing hot batching technology, and the low-temperature spray drying technology is combined, so that the damage of heat treatment on nutrient components and immunocompetent components in the batched milk liquid is reduced, the growth and reproduction of microorganisms in the intermediate process are effectively controlled, the heat treatment strength is reduced, the activities of lactoferrin, IgG, peroxidase and lysozyme in fresh milk are kept above 80%, and the immune index of the infant formula milk powder with natural bioactivity is improved. The invention greatly improves the quality of the global infant formula milk powder at one time, and has wide popularization significance in the global range.

The preparation method is suitable for producing infant formula milk powder.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the process for producing the infant formula with natural bioactivity of example 1;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a conventional infant formula production process of example 7;

FIG. 3 is a standard curve for measuring IgG content by ELISA method in example 8;

FIG. 4 is a standard curve of lactoferrin content measured by ELISA method in example 8;

FIG. 5 is a standard curve for measuring peroxidase activity by the ELISA method in example 8;

FIG. 6 is a standard curve for lysozyme activity determination by the ELISA method of example 8.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure.