阅读说明：本技术 抗氧化系统 (Antioxidant system ) 是由 C·I·加赫 V·约纳斯 M·H·施普劳尔 于 2019-03-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及包含抗氧化系统的组合物,其具体用作食物组合物。在第一方面,本发明提供组合物,其包含抗氧化系统,所述抗氧化系统可通过包括以下步骤的提取方法获得：i)使非极性提取剂与植物粉的组合接触以制备提取物,其中所述植物粉的组合包含：(1)颗粒尺寸小于800μm的姜粉,(2)颗粒尺寸小于500μm的鼠尾草粉,(3)颗粒尺寸小于500μm的迷迭香粉,其中所述姜粉(G)、所述鼠尾草粉(S)和所述迷迭香粉(R)存在的重量比为G:S:R＝1至4:1至3:1至3；和ii)任选地将所述提取物与至少一部分所述植物粉的残余物分离。(The present invention relates to compositions comprising an antioxidant system, in particular for use as food compositions. In a first aspect, the present invention provides a composition comprising an antioxidant system obtainable by an extraction process comprising the steps of: i) contacting a non-polar extractant with a combination of plant powders to produce an extract, wherein the combination of plant powders comprises: (1) ginger powder having a particle size of less than 800 μm, (2) sage powder having a particle size of less than 500 μm, (3) rosemary powder having a particle size of less than 500 μm, wherein the ginger powder (G), sage powder (S) and rosemary powder (R) are present in a weight ratio G: S: R ═ 1 to 4:1 to 3; and ii) optionally separating the extract from at least a portion of the remainder of the plant meal.)

1. A composition comprising

a) One or more compounds comprising an allylic hydrogen atom;

b) an antioxidant system obtainable by an extraction process comprising the steps of:

i) contacting a non-polar extractant with a combination of plant powders to produce an extract, wherein the combination of plant powders comprises:

(1) ginger powder with the particle size of less than 800 mu m,

(2) salvia officinalis powder with particle size less than 500 μm,

(3) rosemary powder having a particle size of less than 500 μm;

wherein the ginger powder (G), the sage powder (S) and the rosemary powder (R) are present in a weight ratio of

G: S: R ═ 1 to 4:1 to 3; and

ii) optionally separating the extract from at least a portion of the remainder of the plant meal.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the ginger powder (G), the sage powder (S) and the rosemary powder (R) are present in the combination of plant powders in a weight ratio of

G: S: R ═ 1.26 to 1.54:0.9 to 1.1.

3. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the particles of ginger powder, sage powder and rosemary powder have a particle size of less than 315 μm.

4. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the combination of plant powders further comprises pepper powder, wherein the particles of pepper powder are less than 500 μm in size.

5. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the ginger powder (G), sage powder (S), rosemary powder (R) and pepper powder (P) are present in the combination of plant powders in a weight ratio of

G: S: R: P ═ 1 to 4:1 to 3:0.4 to 1.2.

6. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the combination of plant particles further comprises a clove powder, wherein the size of the particles of clove powder is less than 500 μm.

7. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the ginger powder (G), sage powder (S), rosemary powder (R) and clove powder (C) are present in the combination of plant powders in a weight ratio of

G: S: R: C ═ 1 to 4:1 to 3:0.2 to 0.6.

8. The composition according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the ginger powder (G), sage powder (S), rosemary powder (R), pepper powder (P) and clove powder (C) are present in the combination of plant powders in a weight ratio

G: S: R: P: C ═ 1 to 4:1 to 3:0.4 to 1.2:0.2 to 0.6;

preference is given to

G: S: R: P: C: 1.26 to 1.54:0.9 to 1.1:0.36 to 0.44:0.18: 0.22.

9. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the non-polar extractant is an edible oil.

10. The composition according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein in step ii) the extract is separated from the residue of the plant meal at least 15 minutes, more preferably at least 30 minutes, even more preferably at least 1 hour and still more preferably at least 2 hours after the start of the contacting step i).

11. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the extraction process further comprises the step of preparing a concentrated extract by at least partially removing the non-polar extractant from the extract.

12. A food composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. A method for preparing an antioxidant system, the method comprising the steps of:

i) contacting a non-polar extractant with a combination of plant powders to produce an extract, wherein the combination of plant powders comprises:

(1) ginger powder with the particle size of less than 800 mu m,

(2) salvia officinalis powder with particle size less than 500 μm,

(3) rosemary powder having a particle size of less than 500 μm;

wherein the ginger powder (G), the sage powder (S) and the rosemary powder (R) are present in a weight ratio of

G: S: R ═ 1 to 4:1 to 3; and

ii) optionally separating the extract from at least a portion of the remainder of the plant meal.

14. Use of an antioxidant system obtainable by an extraction process comprising the steps of:

i) contacting a non-polar extractant with a combination of plant powders to produce an extract, wherein the combination of plant powders comprises:

(1) ginger powder with the particle size of less than 800 mu m,

(2) salvia officinalis powder with particle size less than 500 μm,

(3) rosemary powder having a particle size of less than 500 μm;

wherein the ginger powder (G), the sage powder (S) and the rosemary powder (R) are present in a weight ratio of

G: S: R ═ 1 to 4:1 to 3; and

ii) optionally separating the extract from at least a portion of the remainder of the plant meal;

wherein the use is as an antioxidant, taste and/or odour protectant, rancidity inhibitor and/or shelf-life extender in a composition comprising one or more compounds comprising an allylic hydrogen atom.

15. Use according to claim 14, wherein the combination of plant powders further comprises pepper (P) and clove powder (C), wherein the pepper and clove powder have a particle size of less than 500 μ ι η, and wherein the powders are present in the combination of plant powders in a weight ratio of

G: S: P: C: 1 to 4:1 to 3:0.4 to 1.2:0.2 to 0.6.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to compositions comprising an antioxidant system, in particular food compositions comprising an antioxidant system. The invention also relates to a method for preparing an antioxidant system.

Background

Oxidation is a well-known form of deterioration of compounds. Especially food compositions can suffer from quality loss due to oxidation, which can affect the color, taste, flavor, odor or nutritional value of many food products. This oxidation makes the composition less organoleptically appealing and may even make it completely inedible. A typical example of such oxidation is the occurrence of rancidity. Rancid foods can exhibit off-flavors and malodors, which most people find very unpleasant. An important class of compounds that are sensitive to oxidation are unsaturated compounds containing allylic hydrogens. Such compounds are ubiquitous in food and include, for example, many lipids, such as fatty acids or their derivatives (including fats and oils) and vitamins. The susceptibility to rancidity and/or other forms of oxidative deterioration greatly affects the shelf life of the food product. Therefore, it is often desirable to inhibit or suppress processes that cause deterioration of such products.

Over time, many different antioxidants have been developed to combat such oxidation. However, the general value of antioxidants (which consumers perceive as chemical or artificial products) is decreasing, with a trend toward more natural antioxidants. Indeed, antioxidant efficacy has been attributed to plants and plant-derived products. For example, rosemary powder is a potent antioxidant (Redondo-Cuevas, Luciia; Castellano, Gloria; Raikos, Vassilios, International journal of Food Science & Technology, November 2017, Vol.52(11), pp.2422-2428).

M.s. brewer, Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety, 7 months 2011, Vol 10(4) pp 221-.

A major disadvantage of many herbs and spices with pronounced antioxidant activity is that they also have specific and often strong organoleptic characteristics. That is, their taste, flavor and/or aroma are so intense that when they are present at a level that provides sufficient antioxidant efficacy, they may dominate the overall sensory impression of the food product. Thus, the use of herbs and spices as antioxidants is generally limited to such foods where their organoleptic contribution is tolerated. Thus, for example, JP09-009921a discloses antioxidant sausages and their production involving flavours with antioxidant activity. RU2464815C1 discloses a vegetable seasoning composition for pork, beef, chicken, fish, potato, pasta and rice, which provides an extended shelf life. JP2015-039311a discloses a flavor mixture for fried foods that provides less flavor deterioration over time. WO2015/159841a1 discloses perfume mixtures for use in seasonings such as cooking by heating. CN106417561 discloses a method for preserving processed meat, which relates to a mixed flavor extract in soybean oil. EP 0454097 a1 relates to a composition of extracts of labiatae herbs with antioxidant properties obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and fractionation.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a composition with antioxidant efficacy using only plant based materials. In particular, it is an object to provide such efficacy in a manner that allows for a reduction in the total amount of antioxidant material present. It is a general object of the present invention to overcome or ameliorate problems associated with oxidation and/or rancidity and/or shelf life in the prior art, particularly in food products. It is another object of the present invention to provide antioxidant systems that can be applied to other compositions (typically but not limited to food compositions and/or compositions comprising compounds having allylic hydrogens) to impart improved oxidative stability and/or improved antioxidant and/or anti-rancidity to those compositions. Similarly, it is a further object of the present invention to provide compositions (such as food compositions) that exhibit such improved oxidative stability. It is also an object of the present invention to improve the pot life of oxidation sensitive compositions. It is a further object of the present invention to be able to provide antioxidant efficacy to a composition without negatively affecting its organoleptic characteristics. It is another object of the present invention to provide such improvements by using antioxidant systems that are or are believed to be natural. It is therefore a further object of the present invention to provide a method of reducing the amount of non-natural antioxidants while maintaining the benefits of the presence of such antioxidants.

Disclosure of Invention

We have found that one or more of these objects can be achieved by the present invention. Thus, it has surprisingly been found that the antioxidant system obtainable by extracting a combination of ginger powder, sage powder and rosemary powder has a stronger antioxidant capacity than would be expected based on their individual efficacy, provided that the powders have a suitable particle size and are extracted at a suitable ratio.

Accordingly, the present invention provides in a first aspect a composition comprising

a) One or more compounds comprising an allylic hydrogen atom;

b) an antioxidant system obtainable by an extraction process comprising the steps of:

i) contacting a non-polar extractant with a combination of plant powders to produce an extract, wherein the combination of plant powders comprises:

(1) ginger powder with the particle size of less than 800 mu m,

(2) salvia officinalis powder with particle size less than 500 μm,

(3) rosemary powder having a particle size of less than 500 μm;

wherein the ginger powder (G), the sage powder (S) and the rosemary powder (R) are present in a weight ratio of

G: S: R ═ 1 to 4:1 to 3; and

ii) optionally separating the extract from at least a portion of the remainder of the plant meal.

In a particularly preferred form, the composition according to the invention is a food composition. It is also particularly preferred that the non-polar extractant is an edible oil.

In such compositions, the antioxidant system specified, obtained from the combination of ginger powder, sage powder and rosemary powder, provides particularly advantageous stabilising properties and oxidation retarding, oxidation inhibiting or anti-autoxidation effects. The system is particularly suitable for reducing or completely avoiding or slowing down the formation of undesirable flavours and/or tastes formed or formed by oxidative degradation and autoxidation, respectively. Thus, better sensory persistence and stability of any formulation containing an oxidizing system can be advantageously achieved. Furthermore, the oxidation system is widely applicable, particularly as a component of a particular formulation containing one or more oxidation-sensitive compounds (as described herein). The extract of a single powder does not slow down or completely avoid the formation of undesired flavors and/or tastes by oxidative degradation and autoxidation, respectively, over a longer period of time to the same extent as the antioxidant system according to the invention.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing an antioxidant system, the method comprising the steps of:

i) contacting a non-polar extractant with a combination of plant powders to produce an extract, wherein the combination of plant powders comprises:

(1) ginger powder with the particle size of less than 800 mu m,

(2) salvia officinalis powder with particle size less than 500 μm,

(3) rosemary powder having a particle size of less than 500 μm;

wherein the ginger powder (G), the sage powder (S) and the rosemary powder (R) are present in a weight ratio of

G: S: R ═ 1 to 4:1 to 3; and

ii) optionally separating the extract from at least a portion of the remainder of the plant meal.

A third aspect of the present invention relates to the use of an antioxidant system obtainable by an extraction process comprising the steps of:

i) contacting a non-polar extractant with a combination of plant powders to produce an extract, wherein the combination of plant powders comprises:

(1) ginger powder with the particle size of less than 800 mu m,

(2) salvia officinalis powder with particle size less than 500 μm,

(3) rosemary powder having a particle size of less than 500 μm;

wherein the ginger powder (G), the sage powder (S) and the rosemary powder (R) are present in a weight ratio of

G: S: R ═ 1 to 4:1 to 3; and

ii) optionally separating the extract from at least a portion of the remainder of the plant meal; wherein the use is as an antioxidant, taste and/or odour protectant, rancidity inhibitor and/or shelf-life extender in a composition comprising one or more compounds comprising an allylic hydrogen atom.

Detailed Description

Any feature of one aspect of the invention may be used in any other aspect of the invention. The term "comprising" means "including," but not necessarily "consisting of. In other words, the listed steps or options need not be exhaustive. It is to be noted that the examples given in the following description are intended to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention to these examples per se. Similarly, all percentages are weight/weight percentages unless otherwise indicated. Further, weight percent (wt.%) is based on the total weight of the product, unless otherwise specified. Except in the operating and comparative examples, or where otherwise explicitly indicated, all numbers in this description indicating amounts of material or conditions of reaction, physical properties of materials and/or use are to be understood as modified by the word "about". Unless otherwise indicated, numerical ranges expressed in the form of "x to y" are understood to include x and y. When multiple preferred ranges are described in the form of "x to y" for a particular feature, it is to be understood that all ranges combining the different endpoints are also contemplated. For the purposes of this invention, ambient temperature is defined as a temperature of about 20 degrees Celsius.

All weight ratios indicated herein (in particular with respect to the plant powder of the invention) relate to the dry weight ratio of the respective powder.

Antioxidant system

In a first aspect, the present invention provides a composition comprising an antioxidant system. The antioxidant system can be obtained by an extraction method. The extraction method comprises the step of contacting a non-polar extractant with a combination of plant powders to prepare an extract. The combination of plant powders comprises ginger powder, sage powder and rosemary powder as specified.

Ginger powder

Ginger powder is a well-known spice. It is made from the rhizome of the ginger plant (also known as Zingiber officinale Roscoe).

Salvia officinalis powder

Sage powder is a well-known herbal powder, which is typically made from the leaves of a sage (Salvia) plant. Two species (and cultivars and hybrids thereof) are commonly used for the preparation of sage powder: salvia officinalis (Salvia officinalis L.) and Salvia officinalis (Salvia fructicose (triloba)) as shrubs. The latter are also known as Greek grass (Salvia triloba L.) and Greek sage (Greek sage). Medicinal sage (s. officinalis) and the shrub sage (s. fructicosa) are equally suitable for use in the present invention. In some applications, sage powder from shrub sage is preferred, while in other applications sage powder from medicinal sage is preferred.

Rosemary powder

Rosemary powder is also a well-known herbal powder, which is prepared from the leaves of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.).

The above plant powder (ginger powder, sage powder, rosemary powder) is generally prepared from fresh leaves (sage and rosemary) or rhizomes (ginger) by a known preparation method, since any conventionally used ginger, sage or rosemary powder is suitable for the present invention. Such preparation methods typically include a combination of heat treatment (e.g., pasteurization), drying (e.g., air drying), and grinding. All three plant flours are typically in the form of dehydrated powders. Thus, the water content of the ginger powder, sage powder and rosemary powder used in the preparation of the antioxidant system is preferably at most 20 wt%, more preferably at most 15 wt% and even more preferably at most 12 wt%, based on the weight of dry matter of the specific powder. These moisture contents apply to individual powders and to combined plant powders. The above typical preparation methods usually result in enzyme inactivation. Accordingly, ginger powder, sage powder and rosemary powder are preferred as enzyme inactivating powders to provide optimal shelf life and optimal antioxidant properties independent of the formulation to which the combination is applied.

Ratio of

The weight ratio of the plant powder present in the combination of plant powders is important for obtaining the surprising effect of the resulting antioxidant system. Thus, ginger powder (G), sage powder (S) and rosemary powder (R) are present in the combination of plant particles in a weight ratio of

G: S: R ═ 1 to 4:1 to 3.

By further adjusting the ratio, the antioxidant efficacy or any related effects can be further enhanced.

Thus, the preferred weight ratio of ginger powder (G), sage powder (S) and rosemary powder (R) present in the combination of plant particles is

G: S: R ═ 0.7 to 2:0.5 to 1.5;

more preferably

G: S: R ═ 0.84 to 1.96:0.6 to 1.4;

even more preferred

G: S: R ═ 0.98 to 1.82:0.7 to 1.3;

still more preferably

G: S: R ═ 1.12 to 1.68:0.8 to 1.2.

Is particularly preferred

G: S: R ═ 1.26 to 1.54:0.9 to 1.1;

and still more preferably

G: S: R ═ 1.33 to 1.47:0.95 to 1.05.

Not only are the above-mentioned G: S: R ratios preferred, but individual pairs thereof are also independently preferred. For example, G: S ═ 1.26 to 1.54:0.9 to 1.1 or G: R ═ 1.26 to 1.54:0.9 to 1.1 are preferable.

It is also preferred that the ginger powder and rosemary powder are present in the combination of plant particles in a weight ratio of from 1:1 to 2:1, more preferably from 1.2:1 to 1.8:1, and even more preferably from 1.3:1 to 1.5: 1.

Similarly, it is also preferred that ginger powder and sage powder are present in the combination of plant particles in a weight ratio of from 1:1 to 2:1, preferably from 1.2:1 to 1.8:1, more preferably from 1.3:1 to 1.5: 1.

Likewise, it is also preferred that sage powder and rosemary powder are present in the combination of plant particles in a weight ratio of from 2:1 to 1:2, more preferably from 1.5:1 to 1:1.5, and even more preferably from 1.2:1 to 1: 1.2.

Other herbal or spice powders may be added to the combination of ginger powder, sage powder and rosemary powder to further enhance the antioxidant or related properties of the antioxidant system prepared from the powders. Such spice powders include pepper and clove powder.

Pepper powder

Surprisingly, pepper provides an unexpected strong enhancement of antioxidant efficacy in the antioxidant system of the present invention. Thus, the combination of plant particles preferably further comprises pepper, wherein the particle size of pepper is less than 500 μm. Here, pepper refers to any one of well-known powdery spices made from pepper (pepper nigrum L.) fruits. These fruits (pepper seeds) are commonly used as different forms of spices, depending inter alia on the harvest time (ripe/unripe) and/or their processing. Thus, the pepper powder is preferably pepper powder. The spices "black pepper", "white pepper" and "green pepper" are all derived from this type of pepper seed, and each of them is well suited for use in the present invention. Particularly preferred pepper is black pepper. As with the above powders, the pepper is preferably one in which the enzyme is deactivated.

Pepper is usually in the form of dehydrated powder. Thus, the moisture content of the pepper powder is preferably at most 20 wt%, more preferably at most 15 wt%, even more preferably at most 12 wt%, and still more preferably at most 10 wt%, based on the weight of dry matter of the particular powder.

The efficacy of the pepper powder in the combination of plant powders used in the preparation of the antioxidant system is further enhanced if the pepper powder is used in certain ratios relative to the other powders.

Thus, it is preferred that in the combination of plant particles, ginger powder (G), sage powder (S), rosemary powder (R) and pepper powder (P) are present in a weight ratio of

G: S: R: P ═ 1 to 4:1 to 3:0.4 to 1.2.

More preferably, these powders are present in a weight ratio of

G, S, R, P ═ 0.7 to 2:0.5 to 1.5:0.2 to 0.6;

more preferably

G: S: R: P ═ 0.84 to 1.96:0.6 to 1.4:0.24 to 0.56;

even more preferred

G: S: R: P ═ 0.98 to 1.82:0.7 to 1.3:0.28 to 0.52;

still more preferably

G: S: R: P ═ 1.12 to 1.68:0.8 to 1.2:0.32 to 0.48.

Is particularly preferred

G: S: R: P ═ 1.26 to 1.54:0.9 to 1.1:0.36 to 0.44;

and still more preferably

G: S: R: P ═ 1.33 to 1.47:0.95 to 1.05:0.38 to 0.42.

And still more preferably

G: S: R: P ═ 1.36 to 1.44:0.97 to 1.03:0.39 to 0.41.

Not only are the above G: S: R: P weight ratios preferred, but all individual pairwise ratios are independently preferred. For example, preferred are G: P ═ 1.26 to 1.54:0.36 to 0.44 or S: P ═ 0.9 to 1.1:0.36 to 0.44. Similarly, even more preferably, G P1.33 to 1.47:0.38 to 0.42, and still more preferably, G P1.36 to 1.44:0.39 to 0.41. These G: P pairwise weight ratios are particularly preferred, as a synergistic interaction may be demonstrated for ginger and pepper, enhancing the antioxidant activity of the resulting antioxidant system.

Clove powder

Surprisingly, the clove powder provides an unexpected strong enhancement of antioxidant efficacy in the antioxidant system of the present invention. Thus, the combination of plant particles preferably comprises a clove powder, wherein the particle size of the clove powder is less than 500 μm. Herein, clove powder refers to a well-known spice prepared from non-flowering buds of syringa vulgaris (L.) MERR. & Perry, clove shrubs. Any clove powder prepared in the usual manner is suitable for use in the present invention. Suitable methods of preparation typically include a combination of heat treatment (e.g. pasteurization or steam treatment), drying (e.g. air drying) and grinding. The clove powder is usually in the form of dehydrated powder. Thus, the moisture content of the clove powder is preferably at most 20 wt%, more preferably at most 15 wt%, even more preferably at most 12 wt%, and still more preferably at most 10 wt%, based on the weight of dry matter of the particular powder. As with the above powder, the clove powder is preferably enzyme-inactivated clove powder.

The efficacy of the clove powder in the combination of plant powders used in the preparation of the antioxidant system is further enhanced if the clove powder is used in certain ratios with respect to the other powders.

Therefore, it is preferable that in the combination of plant powders, the ginger powder (G), sage powder (S), rosemary powder (R) and clove powder (C) are present in a weight ratio of

G: S: R: C ═ 1 to 4:1 to 3:0.2 to 0.6.

More preferably, these powders are present in the combination of plant powders in a weight ratio of

G, S, R, C, 0.7 to 2:0.5 to 1.5:0.1 to 0.3;

more preferably

G, S, R, C, 0.84 to 1.96:0.6 to 1.4:0.12 to 0.28;

even more preferred

G, S, R, C, 0.98 to 1.82:0.7 to 1.3:0.14 to 0.26;

still more preferably

G, S, R, C1.12 to 1.68:0.8 to 1.2:0.16 to 0.24.

Is particularly preferred

G, S, R, C1.26 to 1.54:0.9 to 1.1:0.18 to 0.22;

and still more preferably

G: S: R: C ═ 1.33 to 1.47:0.95 to 1.05:0.19 to 0.21;

and still more preferably

G: S: R: P ═ 1.36 to 1.44:0.97 to 1.03:0.19 to 0.21.

Not only are the above G: S: R: C weight ratios preferred, but all individual pairwise ratios therein are also independently preferred. For example, G: C ═ 1.26 to 1.54:0.18 to 0.22 or S: C ═ 0.9 to 1.1:0.18 to 0.22 are preferred. Similarly, S: C ═ 0.95 to 1.05:0.19 to 0.21 is even more preferred, and S: C ═ 0.97 to 1.03:0.19 to 0.21 is still more preferred.

In view of the above, it is particularly preferred that the combination of plant powders comprises pepper and clove powder, wherein the particle size of the particles of pepper and clove powder is at most 350 μm. Thus, it is also preferred that in the combination of plant powders for the preparation of an antioxidant system, the ginger powder (G), the sage powder (S), the rosemary powder (R), the pepper powder (P) and the clove powder (C) are present in a weight ratio of

G: S: P: C: 1 to 4:1 to 3:0.4 to 1.2:0.2 to 0.6.

More preferably, these powders are present in a weight ratio of

G, S, R, P, C, 0.7 to 2:0.5 to 1.5:0.2 to 0.6:0.1 to 0.3;

more preferably

G, S, P, C, 0.84 to 1.96:0.6 to 1.4:0.24 to 0.56:0.12 to 0.28;

even more preferred

G, S, P, C, 0.98 to 1.82:0.7 to 1.3:0.28 to 0.52:0.14 to 0.26;

still more preferably

G: S: R: C: 1.12 to 1.68:0.8 to 1.2:0.32 to 0.48:0.16: 0.24.

Is particularly preferred

G, S, P, C, 1.26 to 1.54:0.9 to 1.1:0.36 to 0.44:0.18: 0.22;

and still more preferably

G: S: R: P: C ═ 1.33 to 1.47:0.95 to 1.05:0.38 to 0.42:0.19 to 0.21;

and still more preferably

G: S: R: C: 1.36 to 1.44:0.97 to 1.03:0.39 to 0.41:0.19 to 0.21.

Particle size

The particle size of the ginger powder is less than 800 μm. The size of sage powder, rosemary powder and pepper and/or clove powder, if present, is less than 500 μm. The powder size is relevant because it was observed that if too large particles or pieces of these plants were used, their combination did not result in an antioxidant system with enhanced efficacy. Therefore, the particle size of the ginger powder particles is preferably less than 500 μm. If the particles are smaller than 500 μm, their efficacy is even further enhanced. Thus, the particle size of the particles of the plant powder (i.e. ginger powder, sage powder and rosemary powder, and also pepper and/or clove powder, if present) is preferably less than 350 μm, more preferably less than 315 μm, even more preferably less than 300 μm, and still more preferably less than 275 μm, still more preferably less than 250 μm, and even still more preferably less than 200 μm. These preferably apply both to individual powders of a single species and to combinations thereof. Such more effective smaller particles may be obtained, for example, by finer grinding and/or by sieving out the desired fraction.

Furthermore, the efficacy of the plant meal has been improved if a portion of the material is reduced, for example by further grinding without further sieving.

Preferably at least 30 wt%, more preferably at least 50 wt%, even more preferably at least 70 wt% and still more preferably at least 90 wt% of the particles of the indicated ginger powder in the combination of plant particles are smaller than 500 μm. Also, preferably at least 10 wt%, more preferably at least 30 wt%, even more preferably at least 50 wt% of the particles of the indicated ginger powder in the combination of plant particles are smaller than 315 μm.

Preferably at least 50 wt%, more preferably at least 60 wt%, even more preferably at least 70 wt% and still more preferably at least 80 wt% of the particles of the indicated sage powder in the combination of plant particles are smaller than 315 μm. Also, preferably at least 20 wt%, more preferably at least 35 wt%, even more preferably at least 50 wt% of the particles of the indicated sage powder in the combination of plant particles are smaller than 200 μm.

Preferably at least 50 wt%, more preferably at least 75 wt%, even more preferably at least 90 wt% of the particles of the indicated rosemary powder in the combination of plant particles are smaller than 315 μm. Also, preferably at least 10 wt%, more preferably at least 25 wt%, even more preferably at least 40 wt% and still more preferably at least 50 wt% of the particles of the indicated rosemary powder in the combination of plant particles are smaller than 200 μm.

Preferably at least 50 wt%, more preferably at least 60 wt%, even more preferably at least 70 wt%, still more preferably at least 80 wt% and still more preferably at least 90 wt% of the particles of the indicated pepper in the combination of plant particles, if pepper is present, are smaller than 315 μm. Also, preferably at least 20 wt%, more preferably at least 30 wt%, even more preferably at least 40 wt%, still more preferably at least 50 wt% and still more preferably at least 60 wt% of the particles of the indicated pepper in the combination of plant particles are smaller than 200 μm.

Preferably at least 10 wt%, more preferably at least 20 wt%, even more preferably at least 30 wt% and still more preferably at least 40 wt% of the particles of the indicated clove powder in the combination of plant particles, if clove is present, are smaller than 315 μm. Also, preferably at least 5 wt%, more preferably at least 10 wt% of the particles of the specified clove powder in the combination of plant particles is smaller than 200 μm.

For the avoidance of doubt: these weight percentages are based on the dry weight of the plant powder of the invention. For example, if it is specified that a combination of plant particles comprises sage powder with a particle size of less than 500 μm, and preferably 50 wt% of the sage particles are less than 200 μm, this means that 50 wt% of all sage particles in the combination (used for preparing the antioxidant system) with a "cut-off" size of less than 500 μm are also less than 200 μm.

In certain applications, it may also be preferred if the plant meal has a certain minimum size. Thus, the particle size of the plant meal particles is preferably at least 0.1 μm, more preferably at least 1 μm, even more preferably at least 10 μm and still more preferably at least 25 μm.

Plant meal of suitable size can be obtained by well-known crushing or grinding methods and is generally commercially available. The particle size distribution of the plant powder may be further modified, if desired, by size selection methods such as sieving or classification (e.g., air classification).

The particle size of the plant powder of the invention is suitably determined by sieving methods.

The benefits of the antioxidant system are particularly linked to the presence of ginger powder, sage powder, rosemary powder and optionally pepper and/or clove powder in the combination of plant particles used for preparing the antioxidant system. Thus, the combination of plant particles preferably comprises a total amount of ginger powder, sage powder, rosemary powder and optionally pepper and/or clove powder of at least 75 wt-%, more preferably at least 90 wt-%, even more preferably at least 95 wt-%, based on the dry weight of the composition. Still more preferably, the combination of plant powders consists essentially of ginger powder, sage powder, rosemary powder and optionally pepper and/or clove powder.

Extraction method

The extraction method by which the antioxidant system can be obtained comprises the step of contacting a non-polar extractant with a combination of plant powders to prepare an extract. Non-polar extractants are well known to those skilled in the art. Typical non-limiting examples of suitable non-polar extractants are edible oils, pentane, hexane, and supercritical carbon dioxide. Where an antioxidant system is envisaged for use in the food composition, it is preferred that the choice of non-polar extractant is compatible with such use. Thus, it is particularly preferred that the non-polar extractant is an edible oil. Even more preferably the non-polar extractant is sunflower oil.

The extraction process optionally includes the step of separating the extract from at least a portion of the remainder of the plant powder. In some applications, such separation may not be required, as the presence of residues of plant particles is compatible with other requirements of the application. In other applications, it is preferred to separate at least 50 wt-%, more preferably at least 75 wt-%, even more preferably at least 90 wt-%, and still even more preferably at least 95 wt-% of the residue of the plant powder from the antioxidant system before applying it to the composition of the invention. It is most preferred if substantially all of the plant meal residue is separated from the extract.

The isolation may be carried out by any suitable method. For example, liquid-solid separation methods including sieving, filtration, centrifugation, or extrusion may be used.

Prior to the separation step, the combination of non-polar extractant and plant particles should be contacted for a sufficient time for extraction to occur. The required extraction time is easily optimized. Preferably, in step ii) of the extraction process, the extract is separated from the residue of the plant powder at least 15 minutes, more preferably at least 30 minutes, even more preferably at least 1 hour and still more preferably at least 2 hours after the start of the contacting step i).

Other extraction conditions are suitably optimized based on the selection of the extractant. For example, if the extraction is performed with an edible oil, the contacting step is preferably performed at a temperature of 10 to 50 ℃, more preferably 15 to 30 ℃ and even more preferably 20 to 25 ℃.

The weight ratio of the combination of non-polar extractant and plant particles is easily optimized, for example, depending on the desired concentration in the resulting extract. Generally, it is preferred that they are contacted in a weight ratio of the combination of plant powder to non-polar extractant of from 1:1000 to 1:3, more preferably from 1:100 to 1:5, and even more preferably from 1:50 to 1: 8.

Depending on the nature of the non-polar extractant and the nature of the composition for which the antioxidant system is prepared, it may in some cases be preferred that the extraction process further comprises a step of preparing a concentrated extract by at least partially removing the non-polar extractant from the extract. Especially when relatively volatile extractants such as pentane, hexane or supercritical carbon dioxide are used, substantially complete removal of the extractant is preferred.

On the other hand, if an extractant compatible with the end-use application is used, such removal is generally not required. This is especially the case if the composition is a food composition and the extractant is an edible oil.

Thus, it is preferred that the composition of the present invention comprises

a) Edible oil

b) An antioxidant system obtainable by an extraction process comprising the steps of:

i) contacting at least a portion of the edible oil with a combination of plant flours, wherein the combination of plant flours comprises:

(1) ginger powder with the particle size of less than 800 mu m,

(2) salvia officinalis powder with particle size less than 500 μm,

(3) rosemary powder having a particle size of less than 500 μm;

wherein the ginger powder (G), the sage powder (S) and the rosemary powder (R) are present in a weight ratio of

G: S: R ═ 1 to 4:1 to 3; and

ii) optionally separating at least a portion of the residue of the plant meal from the edible oil.

Likewise, the non-polar extractant may comprise at least a portion of one or more compounds comprising allylic hydrogen atoms.

The composition preferably comprises 0.00025 wt-% to 0.25 wt-%, more preferably 0.0005 wt-% to 0.1 wt-%, even more preferably 0.0015 wt-% to 0.05 wt-%, and still more preferably 0.002 wt-% to 0.015 wt-%, of the antioxidant system based on dry weight of the total composition. Here, the weight of the antioxidant system is considered to be the combined weight of the fractions extracted from the plant meal.

As an alternative to determining the combined weight of the extracted fractions, the dosage of the antioxidant system can also be controlled by selecting the desired amount of the combination of extracted plant particles relative to the amount of the composition in which the antioxidant system is applied. Thus, it is preferred that the composition comprises the antioxidant system in an amount obtained by extracting a combination of plant particles, which amount corresponds to 0.005 to 5 wt-%, more preferably 0.01 to 2 wt-%, even more preferably 0.03 to 1 wt-%, and yet more preferably 0.04 to 0.3 wt-%, based on the weight of dry matter of the composition.

Food composition

Highly preferred compositions are food compositions. In the context of the present invention, food compositions encompass, but are not limited to, food products including dry soups, dry sauces, dry savoury concentrates (including powder forms, granular forms, extruded or extruded forms or paste forms), spreads, salad dressings, dairy products, beverages, dietetic foods (dietetic foods), dietary supplements and others. The compositions may contain ingredients commonly used in the art and may be prepared by methods commonly used in the art.

Oxidation-sensitive compounds

The antioxidant effect of the present invention is particularly pronounced if the composition comprises compounds that are relatively sensitive to oxidation. Important such compounds ubiquitous in food compositions are compounds containing allylic hydrogen atoms.

An allylic hydrogen atom is a hydrogen atom bound to a carbon atom adjacent to a carbon-carbon double bond, as is well known to the skilled person. The allylic hydrogens can be illustrated as follows:

here, "H" is an allylic hydrogen atom, and R¹、R²、R³、R⁴And R⁵May be any substituent. Compounds containing allylic hydrogen atoms are often denoted as unsaturated compounds (due to double bonds).

The compositions of the present invention comprise one or more compounds comprising an allylic hydrogen atom. Many compounds found in food compositions or food ingredients contain more than one allylic hydrogen. In addition, a typical composition may contain several different compounds containing at least one allylic hydrogen atom. It is especially preferred that the composition comprises at least 0.0001 wt-%, more preferably at least 0.001 wt-%, even more preferably at least 0.01 wt-%, still more preferably at least 0.1 wt-% and still more preferably at least 0.2 wt-%, by weight of dry matter, of one or more compounds comprising an allylic hydrogen atom. It is particularly preferred that the composition comprises 0.0001 to 85 wt-%, more preferably 0.001 to 75 wt-%, even more preferably 0.01 to 60 wt-%, still more preferably 0.1 to 50 wt-% and yet more preferably 0.2 to 20 wt-%, by weight of dry matter, of one or more compounds comprising allylic hydrogen atoms.

Typical examples of compounds containing allylic hydrogen atoms are unsaturated lipids. Indeed, in the context of the present invention, the most important class of oxidation sensitive compounds is formed from such unsaturated lipids, in particular unsaturated lipids containing unsaturated fatty acids or fatty acid groups. In general, lipids are understood to mean substances of biological origin which are soluble in nonpolar solvents. Other unsaturated compounds containing an allylic hydrogen atom can generally include any isoprene compound characterized by at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

Preferably the food composition comprises one or more unsaturated lipids (as one or more compounds comprising allylic hydrogen atoms). It is particularly preferred that the food composition comprises

a at least 0.0001 wt-% based on dry matter weight of one or more unsaturated lipids.

b an antioxidant system in an amount extractable from the combination of plant particles, wherein the dry weight of the combination of plant particles corresponds to 0.01 to 2 wt-%, based on the weight of the dry matter of the composition.

For example, the unsaturated lipid can be an unsaturated fat, wax, sterol, fat soluble vitamin, monoglyceride, diglyceride, triglyceride, or membrane lipid.

In some applications, it is preferred that at least a portion of the one or more unsaturated lipids is present in the non-polar extractant used to prepare the antioxidant system, and is subsequently part of the composition with the antioxidant system.

Triglycerides, also known as Triacylglycerols (TAGs), are the main components of natural fats and oils, and are esters of glycerol and fatty acids.

Fat-soluble vitamins include mainly vitamins classified as vitamins A, D, E and K. All these well-known classes themselves include several different compounds, commonly referred to as isovitamins. For example, vitamin A includes at least vitamin A₁、A₂And A₃And vitamin D comprises at least vitamin D₁、D₂、D₃、D₄And D₅. Vitamin E includes tocopherols and tocotrienols. The vitamin K comprises at least vitamin K₁、K₂And K₃. Oxidation of such vitamins can alter their nutritional properties and thus also the nutritional value of the food compositions containing them.

Membrane lipids are lipids that form the bilayer membrane of living cells. Therefore, they are also found in many food products. The main classes of membrane lipids are phospholipids, glycolipids and cholesterol (which are sterols). Phospholipids encompass phosphoglycerol and sphingomyelin. Phospholipid and glycolipid molecules typically contain fatty acid groups. Thus, unsaturated membrane lipids are approximately as sensitive to oxidation as other fatty acid derivatives.

In view of the above, the composition of the invention (especially when it is a food composition) preferably comprises one or more unsaturated lipids selected from the group consisting of triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, membrane lipids and vitamins, more preferably from the group consisting of triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, phospholipids and vitamins, and even more preferably from the group consisting of triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides and phospholipids.

The preferred amounts of one or more compounds containing allylic hydrogen atoms provided above also apply to these preferred unsaturated lipids.

Edible oils are a common source of unsaturated lipids, especially unsaturated triglycerides, but also diglycerides, monoglycerides and free fatty acids. Furthermore, edible oils are important food ingredients. Accordingly, the composition of the present invention preferably comprises an edible oil.

Thus, the edible oil may be present as an oxidation sensitive component (i.e., containing allylic hydrogens) or as a non-polar extractant, or both. It is particularly preferred that (at least a portion of) the edible oil desired to be present in the final composition is used as an extractant in the extraction process.

Edible oils contain many different Triacylglycerols (TAGs) with different physical properties. The TAGs in edible fats consist of fatty acids with an even number of carbon atoms in the chain, typically 4 to 24 in number. Common fatty acids of plant origin are C10, C12, C14, C16, C18, C20 and C22, and the most common TAGs consist of these fatty acids. Furthermore, each fatty acid may contain up to three double bonds at certain positions in the chain. The terms "triacylglycerols", "TAGs" and "triglycerides" are used interchangeably herein. The term "oil" as used herein refers to a lipid selected from the group consisting of triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, and combinations thereof.

The terms "oil" and "fat" encompass fats that are liquid at ambient temperature as well as fats that are solid or semi-solid at ambient temperature. Thus, unless otherwise indicated, "fat" and "oil" are used interchangeably. Where applicable, the prefix "liquid" or "solid" is added to indicate whether the fat or oil is liquid or solid at ambient temperature, as will be understood by those skilled in the art. The solid fat content at a given temperature (e.g. N20 at 20 ℃) can suitably be determined by pulsed NMR methods using ISO 8292-1 (2012).

Examples of conventional edible oils and fat sources include coconut oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil (and fractions thereof including palm olein and palm stearin), marine oil (including fish oil), lard, tallow, milk fat, chicken oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, sesame oil, poppy seed oil, corn oil (corn oil, mail oil), sunflower oil, peanut oil, rice bran oil, olive oil, algae oil, shea butter (shea fat), and alane gambogic (alanblackia) and blends thereof. For the purposes of the present invention, algal oil is considered to be vegetable oil.

The amount and type of edible oil present in the composition will depend in large part on the requirements of the particular product form of the composition, as described in more detail below.

Generally, edible oils are highly preferred edible vegetable oils because they typically contain relatively large amounts of unsaturated glycerides. More preferably, the edible oil is selected from the group consisting of soybean oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, olive oil, linseed oil, palm olein, and fractions and combinations thereof, and even more preferably from the group consisting of sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, and linseed oil. The combination of plant powders according to the invention is particularly suitable for slowing down, inhibiting or suppressing the oxidation of these oils.

Animal oils may also be susceptible to oxidation. Thus, in some compositions, the edible oil is preferably chicken oil.

It is generally preferred that the composition comprises 0.5 to 85 wt-% oil, based on the weight of the composition.

Thus, it is preferred that the composition of the present invention comprises

c) Edible oil

d) An antioxidant system obtainable by an extraction process comprising the steps of:

i) contacting at least a portion of the edible oil with a combination of plant flours, wherein the combination of plant flours comprises:

(1) ginger powder having a particle size of less than 800 μm, wherein preferably at least 80 wt-% of the ginger powder has a particle size of less than 500 μm;

(2) sage powder from the shrub sage or medicinal sage, the sage powder having a particle size of less than 500 μm, wherein preferably at least 80 wt-% of the sage particles have a particle size of less than 315 μm;

(3) rosemary powder having a particle size of less than 500 μm, wherein preferably at least 80 wt-% of the rosemary powder has a particle size of less than 315 μm;

(4) optionally pepper derived from pepper, said pepper having a particle size of less than 500 μm and wherein preferably at least 800 wt-% of said pepper particles have a particle size of less than 315 μm; and

(5) (ii) optionally a clove powder, the particles of said clove powder having a particle size of less than 500 μm, wherein preferably at least 50 wt-% of said clove powder has a size of less than 315 μm;

and wherein the ginger powder (G), the sage powder (S) and the rosemary powder (R), pepper powder (P) and clove powder (C) are present in a weight ratio of

G, S, P, C, 1.26 to 1.54:0.9 to 1.1:0.36 to 0.44:0.18: 0.22;

ii) optionally separating at least a portion of the residue of the plant meal from the edible oil.

Dry concentrates

Dry concentrates, especially savoury concentrates, are product forms to which the present invention may suitably be applied. Thus, the composition of the invention is preferably a savoury concentrate. Such concentrates are commonly used to prepare ready-to-eat compositions. Thus, savoury concentrates include, for example, dry soups, dry sauces, seasonings, bouillon powders and meal-makers.

The savoury concentrate preferably comprises

a)3 to 85 wt-% of an inorganic salt;

b)0.5 to 60 wt-% fat;

c) an antioxidant system; and

d) optionally other components

Wherein wt-% is based on the weight of the total composition in dry matter.

More preferably the savoury concentrate comprises

a)3 to 85 wt-% of an inorganic salt;

b)0.5 to 60 wt-% fat;

c) an antioxidant system;

d)0 to 50 wt-% of a savoury taste-imparting ingredient selected from the group consisting of glutamate, 5' -ribonucleotides, sucrose, glucose, fructose, lactic acid, citric acid and combinations thereof;

e)0 to 25 wt-% of a starch component selected from the group consisting of native starch, pregelatinized starch, maltodextrin, modified starch, and combinations thereof;

f)0 to 45 wt-% of a botanical substance other than (c) selected from vegetables, herbs, spices and combinations thereof;

g)0 to 10 wt-% water;

wherein wt-% is based on the weight of the total composition in dry matter.

Here, components a) to e) together preferably represent 55 wt.% of the savoury concentrate, and components a) to g) together preferably represent at least 75 wt.% of the savoury concentrate.

Dry concentrates, especially savoury concentrates, may be in several forms or shapes: typical forms are free-flowing powders, granules, shaped concentrates and pastes.

Savoury concentrate in powder form

Food compositions comprising a large amount of ingredients in powder form, especially savoury concentrates and intermediate products for preparing such concentrates, can be sensitive to dust, especially if the powder contains very fine particles. To reduce or completely suppress such undesirable dust, a relatively small amount of edible oil is usually added as a dust suppressant. Typically, such compositions comprise 0.5 to 2.0 wt-%, more preferably 1 to 1.5 wt-%, based on the weight of dry matter, of edible oil. Vegetable oils are particularly preferred in such applications, and so are chicken fats. Oils used as dust control agents are extremely sensitive to the occurrence of rancidity and other oxidation related defects. Therefore, fully saturated (usually hardened) fats that are solid at room temperature are typically used, otherwise non-natural antioxidants would be required. The combination of the plant powder of the invention was found to be particularly effective in reducing the rate of such oxidation in compositions comprising an oil as a dust control agent. Thus, the present invention allows the use of edible oils containing significant amounts of unsaturated compounds. Thus, the composition of the invention is preferably a dry concentrate in the form of a powder comprising

a)3 to 85 wt-% of an inorganic salt;

b)0.5 to 2 wt-%, more preferably 1 to 1.5 wt-%, of an edible oil selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils, chicken fat or combinations thereof which are liquid at room temperature;

c) an antioxidant system; and

d) optionally other components;

wherein wt-% is based on the weight of the total composition in dry matter.

More preferably, the oils in this product form are soybean oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, olive oil, linseed oil, palm oil, and fractions and combinations thereof, and even more preferably the oils are sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, and linseed oil.

Granulated savoury concentrate

In a preferred embodiment, the savoury concentrate is particles having a mass weighted mean diameter in the range of 0.1-5mm, said particles comprising the following components:

a)35-85 wt.%, preferably 40-75 wt.% of an inorganic salt;

b)3-20 wt.%, preferably 4-15 wt.% fat;

c) an antioxidant system;

d)2-20 wt.%, preferably 5-15 wt.% savoury taste imparting ingredient;

wherein wt-% is based on the weight of the total composition in dry matter.

Preferably the particles have a mass weighted mean diameter in the range of from 0.2 to 2mm, most preferably from 0.25 to 1.5 mm.

Shaped savoury concentrate

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the savoury concentrate is a shaped article having a weight of 2-50g, the shaped article comprising the following components:

a)35-70 wt.%, preferably 40-60 wt.% of an inorganic salt;

b)5-30 wt.%, preferably 15-25 wt.% fat, having a solid fat content (N) at 20 ℃₂₀) At least 5%;

c) an antioxidant system;

d)0-20 wt.%, preferably 2-18 wt.% savoury taste imparting ingredient;

wherein wt-% is based on the weight of the total composition in dry matter.

The weight range of the shaped article is preferably from 2.5 to 30g, more preferably from 3.0 to 28g, and most preferably from 3.2 to 24 g. Shaped concentrate articles may suitably be provided in different forms. Preferably the article is provided in the form of a cuboid, more preferably a rectangular cuboid, and most preferably a cube. N of fat contained in shaped article₂₀Preferably at least 10%, more preferably 25-95%, and most preferably 50-90%.

Savoury concentrate in the form of a paste

In yet another embodiment, the savoury concentrate is in the form of a paste. The paste preferably comprises

a)3 to 30 wt-% inorganic salt, based on dry weight of the total composition;

b) at least 30 wt-% of an oil phase, based on dry weight of the total composition, the oil phase comprising a liquid oil in an amount of at least 30 wt-%, based on the weight of the oil phase;

c) an antioxidant system;

d) 1 to 50 wt-% savoury and flavour imparting ingredients based on dry weight of the total composition.

The term "oil phase" as used herein refers to the different lipid phases in the savoury concentrate containing the oil and optionally other lipids. The non-lipid component dispersed in the oil phase is not part of the oil phase. The concentration of liquid oil in the oil phase of the salty-fresh concentrate is equal to 100% -N₂₀. Thus, containing 48 wt.% of an oil phase (N)₂₀5 wt.%) liquid oil content of the savoury concentrate was 0.48x 95 to 45.6 wt.%. Preferably the oil phase contains at least 50 wt.% vegetable oil, more preferably at least 70 wt.%, and even more preferably the oil phase contains at least 90 wt.% vegetable oil.

Preferred components of the savoury concentrate

The savoury concentrate preferably comprises inorganic salts. Inorganic salts are added to provide a salty taste. The salt preferably comprises NaCl, KCl and mixtures thereof. High levels of inorganic salts are primarily present to provide the desired salty taste impact upon dissolution in relatively high volumes. Preferably the amount of inorganic salt in the food concentrate is at least 3 wt%, more preferably at least 5 wt%, even more preferably at least 8 wt%, still more preferably at least 10 wt%, still more preferably at least 15 wt%, and even still more preferably at least 20 wt% based on the dry weight of the composition. Preferably the amount of inorganic salt is at most 70 wt%, more preferably at most 60 wt%, even more preferably at most 50 wt% and still more preferably at most 40 wt% based on the dry weight of the composition. Preferably the amount of NaCl in the savoury concentrate is at least 3 wt%, more preferably at least 5 wt%, even more preferably at least 10 wt%, still more preferably at least 15 wt%, and preferably at most 60 wt%, more preferably at most 55 wt%, and still more preferably at most 50 wt% based on the dry weight of the total composition.

In addition to the preferences described above, for the fat contained in the food composition, the N of the fat contained in the savoury concentrate₂₀Preferably 0-60%, more preferably 5-40%, and most preferably 10-30%.

For example, savoury concentrates are used for preparing bouillons, soups, sauces, gravies or seasoned dishes. To contribute to the savoury taste, the savoury concentrate may further comprise a savoury taste-imparting ingredient selected from the group consisting of glutamate, 5' -ribonucleotides, sucrose, glucose, fructose, lactic acid, citric acid and mixtures thereof. The term "savoury taste imparting ingredient" used in plural may refer to a single compound or a mixture of more than one taste imparting compound. The amount of savoury taste imparting ingredient present in the savoury concentrate is preferably an effective amount to obtain the desired level in the ready-to-eat product prepared from the concentrate. The effective amount depends on the desired dilution rate and amount in the ready-to-eat product. The savoury taste imparting ingredients in the concentrate are preferably present in an amount of at most 40 wt%, more preferably at most 30 wt%, more preferably in an amount of at most 25 wt%, most preferably in an amount of at most 15 wt%, and preferably at least 0.1 wt%, more preferably at least 0.5 wt%, more preferably at least 1 wt%, more preferably at least 5 wt%, based on the dry weight of the total savoury concentrate. It is to be understood that any savory flavor imparting compound may be added as such or as part of a more complex food ingredient such as yeast extract, hydrolyzed protein of vegetable, soy, fish or meat origin, malt extract, beef flavor, onion flavor, liquid or soluble extract or concentrate selected from meat, fish, crustaceans, herbs, fruits, vegetables and mixtures thereof.

The savoury concentrate preferably comprises a starch component selected from the group consisting of native starch, pregelatinized starch, maltodextrin, modified starch and combinations thereof. In the savoury concentrate, the starch component is preferably present in a concentration of 3-20 wt.%, more preferably 4-18 wt.%, and most preferably 5-15 wt.%. The starch component is preferably selected from the group consisting of native starch, maltodextrin, pregelatinized starch, and combinations thereof. Even more preferably, the starch is selected from the group consisting of native starch, pregelatinized starch, and combinations thereof. Most preferably, the starch component is native starch. The mass weighted mean diameter of the starch component is generally in the range of from 5 to 200. mu.m, more preferably from 10 to 100. mu.m, most preferably from 12 to 60 μm.

According to another preferred embodiment, the savoury concentrate contains 0-10 wt.%, more preferably 0.5-8 wt.% and most preferably 1-5 wt.% of a gelatin component selected from the group consisting of gelatin, hydrolyzed gelatin and combinations thereof.

Savoury concentrates usually contain less than 9 wt.% water. More preferably the concentrate contains 1-8 wt.% water. Most preferably the concentrate contains 2-7 wt.% water. The water content in the food concentrate can be measured by any standard method including drying the food concentrate and comparing the weight before and after drying.

The water activity of the food concentrate according to the invention is preferably less than 0.65, more preferably less than 0.5, even more preferably less than 0.4, more preferably less than 0.3, and preferably more than 0.15.

The savoury concentrate of the invention is preferably a packaged savoury concentrate. The weight of the packed concentrate fraction (excluding the package) is preferably from 1g to 1kg, preferably from 2 to 250g, more preferably from 5 to 50 g. The package may be, for example, a container, a bag or a packaging material.

Wet food composition

The combination of plant particles of the invention also performs very well in wet compositions comprising vegetable oils, such as sauces like mayonnaise. Such compositions typically rely on antioxidants like EDTA to obtain acceptable pot life. The present invention therefore provides the use of a combination of the plant particles of the invention in a composition comprising a plant oil (which comprises mono-or polyunsaturated fatty acids) to reduce the oxidation rate of the plant oil.

The combination of vegetable particles used in the composition of the present invention results in a reduction in the oxidation of the vegetable oil and thus the amount of EDTA added to such composition can be reduced. Thus, it is preferred that the concentration of EDTA is less than 0.005 wt%, preferably less than 0.002 wt%, based on the weight of the composition. More preferably, the concentration of EDTA is less than 0.001 wt%, more preferably the concentration of EDTA is less than 0.0005 wt%, and most preferably the compositions of the invention are free of EDTA.

Oil-in-water emulsions

Preferably the composition of the invention is in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion. Examples of oil-in-water emulsions encompassed by the preferred invention include mayonnaise, dressing, salad dressing and sauces. Preferably the oil-in-water emulsion is a mayonnaise or sauce, most preferably a mayonnaise. Preferably the composition of the invention is a low fat mayonnaise.

Preferably the oil in the context of such an oil-in-water emulsion comprises at least 90 wt% triglycerides, more preferably at least 95 wt%. Preferably the oil contains less than 20 wt% solid oil, preferably less than 10 wt% solid oil at 5 ℃. More preferably the oil is free of solid oil at 5 ℃. Most preferably the oil is liquid at 5 ℃. Preferred oils for use in the context of the present invention are vegetable oils which are liquid at 5 ℃. Preferably the oil comprises sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, soybean oil and combinations of these oils. The monounsaturated fatty acids comprised in the oil preferably comprise oleic acid. The polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in the oil preferably comprise linoleic acid and linolenic acid.

In oil-in-water emulsions, the vegetable oil concentration ranges from 5% to 85% by weight of the total composition. Preferably the emulsion comprises from 10% to 80%, more preferably from 15% to 75% by total weight of the emulsion of a vegetable oil. Preferably the amount of oil is at least 20 wt%, more preferably at least 30 wt%, and even more preferably at least 35 wt%. Preferably, the concentration of vegetable oil is at most 70% by weight, preferably at most 65%, preferably at most 60%. Any combination of ranges using these mentioned endpoints is also considered part of the present invention.

In case the preferred oil-in-water emulsion is a low fat mayonnaise, the amount of oil preferably ranges from 20 to 60 wt.%, preferably from 30 to 55 wt.%, preferably from 35 to 50 wt.%, based on the weight of the composition. Typically, such mayonnaises or low fat mayonnaises are spoonable. By "scoopable" is meant that the composition is semi-solid but not free-flowing over the typical time span of eating, which means not free-flowing over a period of one hour. Samples of this material can be scooped up from a container containing the composition.

In another preferred embodiment, the oil-in-water emulsion is salad dressing. Typically, such salad dressings are pourable liquids. In this case, the amount of oil preferably ranges from 5 to 60 wt%, preferably from 10 to 55 wt%, preferably from 15 to 50 wt% by weight of the composition. In contrast to solids, it is preferred that the emulsion be generally pourable or spoonable. In the case of the preferred emulsion being non-pourable, the consistency of the emulsion is preferably such that it cannot be cut in half, since portions of the emulsion that have been cut will merge after cutting.

Mayonnaise is commonly referred to as viscous creamy sauce, which can be used as a dressing for other foods. Mayonnaise is a stable, water-continuous emulsion of vegetable oil, egg yolk and vinegar or lemon juice. In many countries, the term mayonnaise is only used when the emulsion meets "identification criteria" that define the composition of the mayonnaise. For example, the identification criteria may define a minimum oil level and a minimum egg yolk amount. Furthermore, mayonnaise-like products with oil levels below the definition of the identification standard may be considered mayonnaise. These types of products usually contain a thickening agent such as starch to stabilize the aqueous phase. Mayonnaise may vary in color and is typically white, cream or yellowish. The texture can range from light cream to thick, and mayonnaise is usually spoonable. In the context of the present invention, "mayonnaise" comprises an emulsion having a vegetable oil level in the range of 5% to 85% by weight of the product. In the context of the present invention, mayonnaise does not necessarily need to meet the authentication standards of any country.

In case the food composition of the invention is an oil-in-water emulsion, then preferably the composition comprises an oil-in-water emulsion. Emulsifiers are used to disperse oil droplets in the continuous aqueous phase. Preferred oil-in-water emulsions of the present invention comprise egg yolk. The presence of egg yolk may contribute to the taste, emulsification and/or stability of the oil droplets in the composition of the present invention. Egg yolk contains phospholipids, which act as emulsifiers for oil droplets. Preferably the concentration of egg yolk in the composition of the invention ranges from 1% to 8% by weight of the emulsion, more preferably from 2% to 6% by weight of the emulsion. Egg yolk may be added as a yolk component, which means substantially free of egg white. Alternatively, the composition may also comprise whole egg, together with egg white and egg yolk. The total amount of egg yolk in the compositions of the present invention includes egg yolk that may be present as part of a whole egg. Preferably, the concentration of the egg yolk derived phospholipids ranges from 0.05 to 1 wt%, preferably from 0.1 to 0.8 wt%, based on the weight of the emulsion.

Part or all of the egg yolk may be subjected to an enzymatic conversion process using phospholipase. The preferred phospholipase for egg yolk treatment is phospholipase A2. This process results in the separation of fatty acid chains from the phospholipid molecules and produces an enzyme-modified egg yolk. The reaction products of this enzymatic process remain in the enzyme-modified egg yolk, which means that the enzyme-modified egg yolk contains fatty acids separated from the phospholipids. A suitable source of enzymatically modified egg yolk is "thermostable egg yolk (92-8)" supplied by Bouwhuis enthven (Raalte, the netherlands). Preferably the concentration of egg yolk which has been modified by treatment with a phospholipase is in the range of 0.5% to 4% by weight of the composition, preferably 1% to 4% by weight of the composition.

Preferably, the pH of the preferred oil-in-water emulsion is in the range of 3 to 5, more preferably 3 to 4.6, and even more preferably 3 to 4. This pH is suitably measured at 20 ℃. Suitable acids to achieve a pH are selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, glucono-lactone, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the emulsion comprises acetic acid, citric acid, or a combination thereof.

The surface weighted mean diameter D3,2 of the oil droplets dispersed in the preferred oil-in-water emulsion is preferably less than 10 microns, preferably 0.3 to less than 10 microns, preferably 0.5 to 8 microns, preferably less than 6 microns. This average diameter can be suitably determined using the method described by Goudappel et al (Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 239, p.535-542,2001). Typically, 80 to 100% of the total volume of oil droplets contained in the composition of the present invention have a diameter of less than 15 microns, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10 microns.

The combination of ingredients in the preferred oil-in-water emulsion has a very significant effect on the rheological properties of the emulsion, for example because it provides an elastic modulus G' in the range of 100 to 1000Pa, most preferably 300 to 700Pa, at 1% strain (deformation), measured at 20 ℃.

At 50s^-1Preferably in the range of 0.5 to 30pa.s, more preferably 1 to 10pa.s, and at 20 ℃. The viscosity can be measured using an AR1000 controlled stress rheometer ex TA Instruments (NewCastle, DE, USA).

The preferred edible oil-in-water emulsions may suitably contain one or more additional ingredients. Examples of such optional ingredients include thickeners (such as starch or gum), salt, sugar, spices, vitamins, flavouring agents, colouring agents, mustard, herbs and pieces of meat, vegetables or cheese. Such optional additives, when used, add up to no more than 40%, more preferably no more than 20%, preferably no more than 10% by weight of the composition.

Preferred oil-in-water emulsions may be prepared by any of the methods commonly used in the art.

Water-in-oil emulsion

In yet another form, the food composition of the present invention is preferably in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion. Such fat continuous food products are well known in the art and preferably comprise a shortening comprising a fat phase and a margarine comprising a fat phase and an aqueous phase. Margarines traditionally contain about 80% of an edible fat phase and 20% of an aqueous phase, which is dispersed as small droplets in a continuous edible fat phase. Other examples of water-in-oil emulsions are low-fat spreads in which the proportion of the edible fat phase is lower than that of the margarine and the aqueous phase is higher than that of the margarine, e.g. about 10 to 40% of the edible fat phase and about 60 to 90% of the aqueous phase. For the purposes of the present invention, margarines comprise a water-in-oil emulsion (water-in-emulsion) which contains 10 to 80% by weight of fat.

The fat phase of margarine and similar edible fat continuous spreads is typically a mixture of liquid oil and structuring fat. Structured fats are used to build up the fat phase (e.g. in shortening and in water-in-oil emulsions) and help stabilize the aqueous phase (if present) by forming a network of fat crystals. For margarines or spreads, ideally, the structured fat has such properties that it melts or dissolves at mouth temperature upon consumption.

The liquid oil preferably has the same preferred characteristics and preferred sources as disclosed in the context of the preferred oil-in-water emulsions.

The structured fat may be a single fat or a mixture of different fats. The structured fat may be of vegetable, animal (e.g. dairy fat) or marine origin. Preferably at least 50 wt% of the structured fat (based on the total amount of structured fat) is of vegetable origin, more preferably at least 60 wt%, even more preferably at least 70 wt%, still more preferably at least 80 wt%, even still more preferably at least 90 wt%, and even still more preferably at least 95 wt%. Most preferably, the structured fat consists essentially of structured fat of vegetable origin.

Preferably the natural fat is selected from palm fat, arabian gamboge (alan blackia), lard nut (pentadesma), shea butter, coconut oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil and dairy fats. More preferably the natural fat is selected from the group consisting of palm oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil fractions, palm kernel oil fractions, coconut oil and dairy fat fractions. Even more preferably the natural fat is selected from the group consisting of palm oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil fractions, palm kernel oil fractions and coconut oil.

Various fat sources can be fully hardened by complete hydrogenation, they can be fractionated, lactonized and/or transesterified.

Structured fats may contain minor amounts of other components, such as monoglycerides naturally present in the fat.

In order to optimize the structuring ability and/or impression of the emulsion in the mouth upon consumption, structuring fats with a certain solid fat content are preferred. Thus, the solid fat content N10 of the structured fat present in the solid particles is preferably from 50 to 100%, N20 is preferably from 26 to 95%, and N35 is preferably from 5 to 60%. The value of N represents the Solid Fat Content (SFC) at a certain temperature (. degree. C.).

The solid fat content N10 of the structured fat is preferably selected from the following: 45 to 100%, 55 to 90% and 65 to 85%;

n20 is preferably selected from the following: 25 to 80%, 40 to 70% and 45 to 65%;

n35 is preferably selected from the following: 0.5 to 60%, 0.5 to 20%, 0.5 to 14%, 15 to 50% and 30 to 45%.

The preferred solid fat content of the structured fat is characterized by:

45 to 100% N10, 25 to 80% N20, and 0.5 to 60% N35;

55 to 90% N10, 40 to 70% N20, and 0.5 to 20% N35;

55 to 90% N10, 40 to 70% N20, and 15 to 50% N35;

65 to 85% N10, 45 to 65% N20, and 0.5 to 14% N35; and

65 to 85% N10, 45 to 65% N20, and 30 to 45% N35.

Typically, edible fat continuous food products, such as margarines and similar edible fat continuous spreads, are prepared according to known methods.

Preferably the weight ratio between structured fat and liquid oil is in the range 1:100 to 50:100, preferably 5:100 to 25: 100. This means that the total fatty phase of the emulsion preferably comprises from 1 to 50 wt.% of structured fat and from 50 to 99 wt.% of liquid oil. More preferably the total fatty phase of the emulsion preferably comprises from 5 to 25 wt.% of structured fat and from 75 to 95 wt.% of liquid oil. With these ratios, a fat continuous emulsion of the correct firmness and consistency can be produced.

Emulsifiers may be included in the composition to provide good dispersion of the aqueous phase in the fat phase. Preferably the compositions of the present invention comprise a water-in-oil emulsifier. The HLB value of the emulsifier is preferably below 7. The HLB value is the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance and is a measure of the degree of hydrophilicity or lipophilicity. Emulsifiers with HLB values below 10 are generally oil-soluble, whereas emulsifiers with HLB values above 10 are generally water-soluble. Therefore, it is preferred to mix an emulsifier having an HLB value of 7 or less with the liquid oil and then mix with the other ingredients of the composition of the present invention. Preferably, the concentration of emulsifier is at most 5%, preferably at most 1%, preferably at most 0.1%, preferably at most 0.01% by weight of the mixture of liquid oil and emulsifier. Relatively high emulsifier content may result in the ability to produce low fat or very low fat water-in-oil emulsions, but relatively high emulsifier content is not necessary to produce low fat water-in-oil emulsions.

Preferably the emulsifier comprises a fatty acid monoglyceride or a fatty acid diglyceride. Preferred emulsifiers include one or more emulsifiers selected from saturated monoglycerides, unsaturated monoglycerides and sugar fatty acid esters (also known as "Spans", e.g. sorbitan monostearate). Preferably the HLB value of the emulsifier is below 5, preferably below 3, preferably 1. Another preferred emulsifier is lecithin from soy or egg.

In the preferred water-in-oil emulsions, the amount of aqueous and fatty phases can vary widely. The fat phase comprises structured fat and liquid oil, and preferably comprises an emulsifier as defined previously. Preferably, the concentration of the fat phase ranges from 5% to 95%, preferably from 15% to 50%, based on the weight of the emulsion. The emulsion may comprise as a major phase a fatty phase (e.g. margarine containing about 70 to 80% by weight of the fatty phase), preferably the emulsion comprises 10% to 80%, preferably 15% to 60% of the fatty phase, based on the weight of the emulsion. Most preferably, however, the emulsion produced is a low fat emulsion having a fat content in the range of from 15% to 50% by weight, preferably from 18% to 45% by weight of the fat phase, preferably from 25% to 45% by weight of the fat phase, preferably from 30% to 45% by weight of the fat phase. The advantage of the process of the invention is that low fat spreads (up to 50% by weight of the fat phase) can be produced in one step.

During mixing in the mixing device, the aqueous phase is dispersed as small droplets in the continuous fatty phase. Preferably the dispersed aqueous phase droplets have a D3,3 value of less than 10 microns, preferably less than 8 microns, preferably less than 6 microns. Preferably the dispersed aqueous phase droplets have a D3,3 value of less than 3 microns, or even less than 2 microns. D3,3 is the volume weighted geometric mean Particle or droplet diameter (M.Alderliest, Particle & Particle Systems Characterization 8(1991) 237-.

Preferably, the pH of the preferred water-in-oil emulsion is in the range of 4 to 6, preferably 4 to 5.5, preferably 4.5 to 5.5. This pH is preferably measured at 20 ℃. Suitable acids to achieve that pH are selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, glucono-lactone, and combinations thereof.

The preferred water-in-oil emulsions may suitably contain one or more additional ingredients. Examples of such optional ingredients include thickeners (e.g., starch or gum), salts, sugars, flavors, vitamins, flavorants, colorants, herbs, fragrances. Such optional additives, when used, add up to no more than 40%, more preferably no more than 20%, preferably no more than 10% by weight of the composition.

Antioxidant benefits

In view of the above-mentioned benefits of the antioxidant system obtained from the combination of plant powders according to the invention, the composition (especially if it is a food composition) preferably has a longer shelf life than the same product in the absence of the antioxidant system. More preferably, it is at least twice as long, even more preferably at least three times as long, especially in terms of oxidation-induced defect-limiting pot life. The same preferences also apply to the open shelf life of the composition. Thus, the composition preferably has a Deceleration Factor (DF) of at least 2, more preferably at least 2.5, still more preferably at least 3, still more preferably at least 3.5. Here, the Deceleration Factor (DF) is a measure of the deceleration of the occurrence of defects in the product, in particular rancidity, compared to the same product without the combination of plant powders of the invention, as described in the examples section. Thus, the shelf life of the product is preferably at least 3 months, more preferably at least 6 months, even more preferably at least 9 months, still more preferably at least 12 months, yet more preferably at least 18 months, and still more preferably at least 24 months. The product preferably has such a shelf life without relying on other antioxidants. That is, the product preferably comprises no more than 200ppm, more preferably no more than 100ppm, even more preferably no more than 50ppm of non-natural antioxidants by weight of dry matter. Still more preferably, the composition is substantially free of unnatural antioxidants, such as BHT (butylhydroxytoluene) or BHA (butylhydroxyanisole). In this context, an antioxidant is considered to be non-natural if it is not natural according to the appropriate regulations (e.g. food regulations in the case of food compositions).

Since only relatively small amounts of antioxidant systems are generally required for these benefits, the antioxidant systems preferably have a relatively neutral flavor profile. That is, it does not have the flavor characteristics that are too unique to any single component of the combination of plant particles. In this way, the combination of plant powders can be used in a variety of food compositions without having an undesirable effect on their flavor.

Method of producing a composite material

All preferences expressed herein in relation to the extraction method of the first aspect of the invention also apply to the method of the second aspect of the invention.

Use of

All preferences expressed herein in relation to the extraction method of the first aspect of the invention also apply to the extraction method defined in the use according to the third aspect of the invention. Other preferences expressed herein in relation to the composition of the first aspect of the invention are also applicable to compositions using an antioxidant system according to the third aspect of the invention.

The antioxidant system may be used as an antioxidant, taste and odor protectant, rancidity inhibitor and/or shelf life extender, depending on the type of application in which the combination is used. It can well have several of these functions simultaneously. In case it is used as an antioxidant, then it is preferably used as a natural antioxidant.

The use according to the invention is preferably a use wherein the combination of plant powders from which the antioxidant system is obtained further comprises pepper (P) and clove powder (C), wherein the particle size of the pepper and clove powder is less than 500 μm, and wherein the powders are present in the combination of plant powders in a weight ratio of

S: R: P: C: 1 to 4:1 to 3:0.4 to 1.2:0.2 to 0.6, more preferably G: S: R: P: C: 1.26 to 1.54:0.9 to 1.1:0.36 to 0.44:0.18: 0.22.

The use is preferably optimized to provide the desired pot life extension and/or the desired oxidation induced defect deceleration. Thus, the use is preferably in a composition, preferably a food composition, to provide a composition having an oxidative stability corresponding to a decelerating factor DF of at least 2, more preferably at least 2.5, still more preferably at least 3, still more preferably at least 3.5. The use preferably provides the composition with a shelf life of preferably at least 3 months, more preferably at least 6 months, even more preferably at least 9 months, still more preferably at least 12 months, still more preferably at least 18 months, and still more preferably at least 24 months. The product preferably has such a shelf life without relying on other antioxidants.