阅读说明：本技术 一种具有良好溶解性水基切削液添加剂的制备方法 (Preparation method of water-based cutting fluid additive with good solubility ) 是由 秦宝锋 胡丽天 丁奇 李昊坤 于 2020-07-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种水基切削液添加剂的制备方法,是将脂肪酸酰肼与酸酐化合物溶于溶剂中,回流反应0.5~3小时,蒸去溶剂,干燥,得白色粉末状固体；再将该白色粉末状固体加入醇类物质及酸性催化剂,于100℃~130℃反应2~4小时,蒸去溶剂,然后加入二乙醇胺和碱性催化剂,于90~120℃反应2~6h,冷却,得添加剂。本发明合成的添加剂为白色至淡黄色粘稠状液体,该物质是一种表面活性剂,同时具备良好的抗磨性、防锈性、抗静电性能和高润滑性等特点。作为水基切削液添加剂,省去了助溶剂的使用,而且与环境相容性好,生态性能优良。(The invention discloses a preparation method of a water-based cutting fluid additive, which comprises the steps of dissolving fatty acid hydrazine and an acid anhydride compound in a solvent, carrying out reflux reaction for 0.5-3 hours, evaporating the solvent, and drying to obtain a white powdery solid; and adding an alcohol substance and an acidic catalyst into the white powdery solid, reacting for 2-4 hours at 100-130 ℃, evaporating the solvent, adding diethanolamine and an alkaline catalyst, reacting for 2-6 hours at 90-120 ℃, and cooling to obtain the additive. The additive synthesized by the invention is white to light yellow viscous liquid, is a surfactant, and has the characteristics of good abrasion resistance, rust resistance, antistatic property, high lubricity and the like. As the additive of the water-based cutting fluid, the additive saves the use of a cosolvent, and has good environmental compatibility and excellent ecological performance.)

1. A preparation method of a water-based cutting fluid additive with good solubility comprises the steps of dissolving fatty acid hydrazine and an acid anhydride compound in a solvent according to the mass ratio of 1:1, carrying out reflux reaction for 0.5-3 hours, evaporating the solvent, and drying to obtain a white powdery solid; and adding the white powdery solid into an alcohol substance, adding an acid catalyst, reacting for 2-4 hours at 100-130 ℃, evaporating the solvent, adding diethanolamine and an alkaline catalyst, reacting for 2-6 hours at 90-120 ℃, and cooling to obtain the additive.

2. The method of preparing a water-based cutting fluid additive having good solubility according to claim 1, wherein: the fatty acid hydrazide is caproic acid hydrazide, capric acid hydrazide, lauroyl hydrazide or oleic acid hydrazide.

3. The method of preparing a water-based cutting fluid additive having good solubility according to claim 1, wherein: the anhydride compound is succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, citric anhydride or phthalic anhydride.

4. The method of preparing a water-based cutting fluid additive having good solubility according to claim 1, wherein: the solvent is toluene, xylene, acetonitrile or petroleum ether.

5. The method of preparing a water-based cutting fluid additive having good solubility according to claim 1, wherein: the alcohol substance is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or n-butanol.

6. The method of preparing a water-based cutting fluid additive having good solubility according to claim 1, wherein: the ratio of the white powdery solid to the amount of the alcohol substance is 1:4 to 1: 7.

7. The method of preparing a water-based cutting fluid additive having good solubility according to claim 1, wherein: the acid catalyst is sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid, and the addition amount of the acid catalyst is 1-3% of the mass of the white powder.

8. The method of preparing a water-based cutting fluid additive having good solubility according to claim 1, wherein: the amount ratio of the white powdery solid to the diethanolamine substance is 1:1 to 1: 3.

9. The method of preparing a water-based cutting fluid additive having good solubility according to claim 1, wherein: the alkaline catalyst is sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide or sodium hydroxide; the addition amount of the alkaline catalyst is 1-3% of the mass of the white powder.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a cutting fluid additive, in particular to a preparation method of a water-based cutting fluid additive with good solubility, belonging to the field of metal working fluids.

Background

Metal cutting is the most common and widely used one of metal working. The cutting fluid is an important matched material for metal cutting processing. The purpose of using the metal cutting fluid is to reduce cutting force and friction between a cutter and a workpiece, take away heat generated in a cutting area in time so as to reduce cutting temperature, reduce cutter abrasion and improve cutter durability, thereby improving production efficiency, improving workpiece surface roughness, ensuring workpiece machining precision and achieving the best economic effect. Therefore, the use of cutting fluids is an important measure to improve the quality of machining and to reduce the cost of machining. The cutting fluid can be divided into oil-based cutting fluid and water-based cutting fluid, and the water-based cutting fluid has the advantages of good cooling property, low price, easy obtainment and easy cleaning of a machined part, and is used for cutting and processing metals such as steel, cast iron, stainless steel, copper and aluminum and alloys thereof. The water-based cutting fluid is divided into oil-soluble cutting fluid and water-soluble cutting fluid, wherein the water-soluble cutting fluid is semisynthetic cutting fluid between fully synthetic cutting fluid and emulsion, has the lubricating property and extreme pressure property of the emulsified oil, and has the environmental protection property, excellent cleaning property, long service cycle and other properties of the synthetic cutting fluid.

CN102465053B discloses an environment-friendly cutting fluid, which comprises polyethylene glycol, emulsified silicone oil, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, an additive and distilled water, and has good cutting performance, wherein the additive is prepared by the process. Mixing fatty acid ester and hydrazine hydrate according to a molar ratio of 1:1, dissolving in ethanol, performing reflux reaction for 12-48 hours, cooling to below 20 ℃, performing suction filtration, washing with absolute ethanol, and performing suction filtration to obtain a white solid; dissolving the white solid and an anhydride compound in chloroform or ethyl acetate according to the molar ratio of 1:1, and carrying out reflux reaction for 0.5-3 hours; adding triethanolamine according to the mol ratio of 1: 1-1: 3, continuously performing reflux reaction for 0.5-2 hours, and evaporating the solvent to obtain the additive. However, the solubility of the additive is not ideal, and under the condition of no cosolvent, the solubility of the series of compounds in water is less than 0.86g, and more cosolvent (triethanolamine) is required to be added when the additive is used.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a water-based cutting fluid additive with better solubility and a preparation method thereof aiming at the problems in the prior art.

The preparation method of the water-based cutting fluid additive comprises the steps of dissolving the fatty acid hydrazine and the acid anhydride compound in a solvent according to the mass ratio of 1:1, carrying out reflux reaction for 0.5-3 hours, evaporating the solvent, and drying to obtain white powdery solid; and adding the white powdery solid into an alcohol substance, adding an acid catalyst, reacting for 2-4 hours at 100-130 ℃, evaporating the solvent, adding diethanolamine and an alkaline catalyst, reacting for 2-6 hours at 90-120 ℃, and cooling to obtain the additive.

The fatty acid hydrazide is caproic acid hydrazide, capric acid hydrazide, lauroyl hydrazide, oleic acid hydrazide, etc., and the acid anhydride compound is succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, citric anhydride, phthalic anhydride, etc.

The solvent is toluene, xylene, acetonitrile, petroleum ether and the like.

The alcohol is low molecular weight alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or n-butanol. The ratio of the white powdery solid to the amount of the alcohol substance is 1:4 to 1: 7.

The acid catalyst is sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid and other water-soluble acids, and the solid Lewis acid can also be used as a catalyst for reaction, but needs to be separated after the reaction. The addition amount of the acid catalyst is 1-3% of the mass of the white powder.

The amount ratio of the white powdery solid to the diethanolamine substance is 1:1 to 1: 3.

The alkaline catalyst is sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide or sodium hydroxide and other alkaline catalysts which are easily dissolved in water, and can not be separated after the reaction is finished. The addition amount of the alkaline catalyst is 1-3% of the mass of the white powder.

Taking succinic anhydride as an example, the synthetic route is as follows:

the series of compounds can be divided into 1:1 type, 1:1.5 type and 1:2 type according to the difference of n value, wherein the 1:2 type compound has better dispersion performance in water because the 1:2 type compound molecule contains more hydroxyl groups.

The synthetic additive is white to light yellow viscous liquid, has the solubility of 2.13-6.47 g in water, is a surfactant, and has the characteristics of good abrasion resistance, rust resistance, antistatic performance, high lubricity and the like. As the additive of the water-based cutting fluid, the additive saves the use of a cosolvent, and has good environmental compatibility and excellent ecological performance.

The additive prepared by the invention is prepared into cutting fluid according to the following components: weighing 5 parts of additive, 5 parts of polyethylene glycol, 1 part of sodium ethylene diamine tetracetate, 1 part of emulsified silicone oil and the balance of tap water, and adjusting the pH value to 8 to obtain the cutting fluid. The performance of the prepared cutting fluid was tested, and the results are shown in table 1:

Detailed Description

The preparation and properties of the water-based cutting fluid additive of the present invention are further illustrated by the following specific examples.