阅读说明：本技术 道岔 (Switch ) 是由 H.罗伊 于 2018-09-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：用于针对轨道车辆的铁轨设备的道岔(1),其中,道岔(1)具有轨道(2)和一序列的轨枕(4),并且轨道(2)中的至少两个轨道彼此成对地相对而置地分别固定在相应的轨枕(4)的轨枕上侧(5)上,并且在轨道(2)中的相应的轨道与相应的轨枕上侧(5)之间分别布置有中间层(6),并且轨枕(4)分别在与其相应的轨枕上侧(5)相对而置的轨枕下侧(7)上分别具有轨枕底部(8),并且轨枕底部(8)分别具有至少一个弹性体层(9),其中,中间层(6)分别具有至少一个弹性体层(10)。(Switch (1) for a rail system for a rail vehicle, wherein the switch (1) has rails (2) and a series of sleepers (4), and at least two of the rails (2) are fastened in pairs opposite one another on a sleeper upper side (5) of the respective sleeper (4), and an intermediate layer (6) is arranged between the respective rail in the rails (2) and the respective sleeper upper side (5), and the sleepers (4) each have a sleeper bottom (8) on a sleeper lower side (7) opposite their respective sleeper upper side (5), and the sleeper bottoms (8) each have at least one elastomer layer (9), wherein the intermediate layer (6) each has at least one elastomer layer (10).)

1. Switch (1) for a rail system of a rail vehicle, wherein the switch (1) has rails (2) and a series of sleepers (4), and at least two of the rails (2) are fastened in pairs opposite one another on a respective upper sleeper side (5) of the respective sleeper (4), and an intermediate layer (6) is arranged between the respective one of the rails (2) and the respective upper sleeper side (5), and the sleepers (4) each have a sleeper bottom (8) on a lower sleeper side (7) opposite their respective upper sleeper side (5), and the sleeper bottoms (8) each have at least one elastomer layer (9), characterized in that the intermediate layer (6) each has at least one elastomer layer (10).

2. The switch (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that in the switch (1) the elastomer layers (9) of at least two different sleeper bottoms (8) have different track bed moduli from each other and/or in the switch (1) the elastomer layers (10) of at least two different intermediate layers (6) have different stiffnesses from each other.

3. The switch (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the elastomer layer (9) of the respective sleeper bottom (8) has a thickness of 0.02N/mm³To 0.6N/mm³In the range, preferably 0.1N/mm³To 0.5N/mm³In the range, particularly preferably 0.15N/mm³To 0.4N/mm³A ballast modulus in the range and/or the corresponding elastomer layer (10) of the intermediate layer (6) has a stiffness in the range from 5kN/mm to 1000kN/mm, preferably in the range from 10kN/mm to 300kN/mm, particularly preferably in the range from 20kN/mm to 200 kN/mm.

4. The switch (1) as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the elastomer layer (10) of the respective intermediate layer (6) and/or the elastomer layer (9) of the respective sleeper bottom (8) comprises or consists of preferably foamed polyurethane or rubber or a mixture with preferably foamed polyurethane and/or rubber.

5. The switch (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the elastomer layer (9) of the sleeper base (8) of a respective one of the sleepers (4) has at least two regions (11,12) which are not as soft, wherein the harder region (11) of the elastomer layer (9) of the sleeper base (8) is arranged below a first one of the rails (2,29) and the softer region (12) of the elastomer layer (9) of the sleeper base (8) is arranged below a second one of the rails (2,30), wherein the first one of the rails (2,29) and the second one of the rails (2,30) are fixed on the upper sleeper side (5) of the respective sleeper (4) at a distance from one another and are arranged on the first one of the rails (2,29) the elastomer layer (10) of the intermediate layer (6) between the upper sleeper side (5) of the sleeper (4) and the elastomer layer (10) of the intermediate layer (6) between the second rail (2,30) arranged in the rails and the upper sleeper side (5) of the sleeper (4) are not as soft relative to one another.

6. The switch (1) according to claim 5, characterised in that the elastomer layer (10) of the intermediate layer (6) arranged between a first one of the rails (2,29) and the upper sleeper side (5) of the sleeper (4) is stiffer than the elastomer layer (10) of the intermediate layer (6) arranged between a second one of the rails (2,30) and the upper sleeper side (5) of the sleeper (4).

7. The switch (1) as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, viewed in a direction (13) transverse, preferably orthogonal, to the longitudinal direction of the sleepers (4), the elastomer layers (9) of the sleeper bottoms (8) of at least two of the sleepers (4) arranged one behind the other are not configured as soft with respect to one another and the elastomer layers (10) of the intermediate layer (6) on at least two of the sleepers (4) arranged one behind the other are also not configured as soft with respect to one another, wherein, in the event of a change in the softness of the elastomer layers (9) of the sleeper bottoms (8) from one of the sleepers (4) to the sleeper (4) following the aforementioned sleeper in the longitudinal direction (13), the elastomer layers (10) of the intermediate layer (6) on both sleepers (4) are equally soft and/or the softness of the elastomer layers (10) of the intermediate layer (6) varies from that of the two sleepers (4) In the case that one of the sleepers (4) changes to follow the sleeper (4) of the aforementioned sleeper in the longitudinal direction (13), the elastomer layer (9) of the sleeper bottom (8) below the two sleepers (4) is equally soft.

8. The switch (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, in particular in the point device region (14) of the switch (1), the elastomer layer (10) of the intermediate layer (6) on a respective one of the sleepers (4) is softer than the elastomer layer (9) of the sleeper bottom (8) below this sleeper (4).

9. The switch (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, in particular in the point device region (14) of the switch (1), the elastomer layer (9) of the sleeper bottom (8) is designed visco-elastic with an EPM index in the range of 10% to 25%, preferably in the range of 10% to 20%.

10. The switch (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that, in particular in the point device region (14) of the switch (4), the elastomer layer (10) of the intermediate layer (6) has a stiffness in the range of 20kN/mm to 200kN/mm, preferably in the range of 40kN/mm to 100 kN/mm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a switch (Weiche) for a rail system for rail vehicles, wherein the switch has a rail and a series (Abfolge, sometimes referred to as series) of sleepers (Schwelle, sometimes referred to as sleepers), and at least two of the rails are fastened in pairs opposite one another on the upper side of the sleeper of the respective sleeper, and an intermediate layer is arranged between the respective one of the rails and the upper side of the respective sleeper, and the sleepers each have a sleeper base on the lower side of the sleeper opposite the upper side of the respective sleeper, and each sleeper base has at least one elastomer layer.

Background

A switch is a junction in the rail system, in which at least one branch rail is guided into or out of the main rail. There are so-called single switches in which a branching rail is led out of or into a main rail. However, so-called cross-over switches exist in which the branch rails cross the main rails and are guided out on both sides via the main rails.

It is known in the prior art to provide the rails with an elastomer layer both in the area between the points and in the area of the points, in order to thereby achieve a flattening and damping of the track depression when the train passes over from above. It is known, for example, to arrange a so-called tie bottom below the tie. The bottoms of these sleepers are thus located between the sleeper and the gravel bed or the fixed road surface on which the respective sleeper is placed. Sleeper bottoms are known, for example, from AT 506529B 1 and WO 2016/077852 a 1. AT 506529B 1, for example, proposes a sleeper base in which, on an elastic layer of the sleeper base, a random fiber layer is arranged on the side pointing toward the sleeper and a reinforcing layer and a further elastic layer are arranged on the opposite side. The random fiber layer is used to fix the bottom of the sleeper to the sleeper made of concrete. The reinforcement layer on the other side of the sleeper bottom limits the intrusion of the gravel bed into the sleeper bottom to a desired extent.

However, elastic intermediate layers on the upper side of the sleeper, i.e. between the rail and the sleeper, are also known from the prior art. This is described, for example, in EP 0552788 a 1.

AT 503772B 1 describes a switch of this type, in which a sleeper base with AT least one elastomer layer is arranged in each case on the sleeper underside of the sleeper. In AT 503772B 1, an intermediate layer is located between the rail and the sleeper, said intermediate layer being referred to in this document as a fastening means. Furthermore, it is known from AT 503772B 1 that the softness or hardness of the sleeper base varies over the length of the sleeper.

In this way, different ways are known in the prior art to ensure that the track is made to sink and flatten, in particular in the case of a switch for rail systems, when a train passes over from above, wherein in the prior art a single spring plane is used in the entire structure and is optimized if possible in order to achieve this.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the invention is to improve a switch of the type mentioned above in such a way that an improved track-laying flattening can be achieved when a train passes over it.

Starting from this type of prior art, the invention proposes a switch according to claim 1, in which the intermediate layer also has at least one elastomer layer in each case.

In contrast to the prior art, the basic idea of the invention is thus to implement not only one but at least two spring planes (viewed in the installed position) at a distance from one another in the vertical direction in order to improve the rail-track-sinking flattening when a train passes over a switch. In this case, a spring plane is formed by the at least one elastomer layer on the bottom of the sleeper. The second elastic plane is formed by the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer. The elastic properties of the elastomer layers can be adapted to one another as required, in order to thereby achieve an optimization in accordance with one another by means of the two elastic planes. This enables the blocking behavior of the overall system of the switch to be adapted very precisely to the different requirements which occur at different points in the switch. Springing (Einfederung) can be homogenized in the direction of the switch. The consideration of at least one second spring plane (Hinzuziehen) allows the spring characteristics of the switch to be finely tuned to the task settings to be specifically addressed at different points within the switch.

In the switch according to the invention, both the sleeper base and the intermediate layer can be constructed in one piece or in several pieces. Both the sleeper base and the intermediate layer can each consist of a single elastomer layer. However, the sleeper base and the intermediate layer can each also have a plurality of elastomer layers. In addition, the sleeper base and also the intermediate layer can have non-elastic components or layers. The sleeper base can be, for example, (a multilayer structure with two elastic layers as known from AT 506772B 1) a reinforcing layer and a random fiber layer or a tie layer. The intermediate layer can also have, for example, a metal plate in addition to the at least one elastomer layer, as is also explained in the following exemplary description of the figures.

In a preferred variant of the invention, it is provided that the elastomer layers of at least two different sleeper bottoms have mutually different bed moduli (bettungsmedul) in the switch and/or that the elastomer layers of at least two different intermediate layers have mutually different stiffnesses in the switch. In the differential sense, it is expediently provided that the bed moduli of the elastomer layers of the at least two different tie bottoms differ from one another by a value of at least 25% of the greater bed modulus and/or that the stiffnesses of the elastomer layers of the at least two different intermediate layers differ from one another by a value of at least 25% of the greater stiffnesses.

In particular, the sleeper bottom can also have regions of different hardness or softness in the longitudinal direction of the sleeper. In this case, a single, continuous sleeper base can be involved, but also mutually separate sections which together form the sleeper base.

An elastomeric layer (as the term has said this) is a layer consisting of at least one elastomer. An elastomer is a form-retaining but elastically deformable plastic which deforms elastically when subjected to tensile and compressive loads, but which thereafter returns at least substantially to its original, undeformed shape again. In particular, it is preferably provided that the elastomer layer of the respective intermediate layer and/or the elastomer layer of the respective sleeper bottom comprises polyurethane or rubber or a mixture with polyurethane and/or rubber. The mentioned elastomer layer can also consist entirely of the mentioned materials. The rubber can be a natural rubber elastomer, but can also be a synthetic rubber elastomer. Preferably, it relates to foamed polyurethane and/or foamed rubber. Both foamed variants are preferably of closed-cell design.

Preferably, it is provided that the elastomer layer of the respective sleeper base has a thickness of 0.02N/mm³(Newton per cubic meter) to 0.6N/mm³In the range, preferably 0.1N/mm³To 0.5N/mm³In the range, particularly preferably 0.15N/mm³To 0.4N/mm³A track bed modulus within the range.

Ballast modulus is commonly used to describe deformation behavior in gravel rails. It describes the ratio of area pressure (Fl ä chenpressung, sometimes referred to as unit area pressure) to the relative subsidence (Verh ä ltnis, sometimes referred to as the case). Thus, softer materials have a lower track bed modulus, and vice versa. Briefly, the track bed modulus gives: at what area pressure a definite subsidence is produced.

A stiffness in the range from 5kN/mm (kilonewtons per millimeter) to 1000kN/mm, preferably in the range from 10kN/mm to 300kN/mm, particularly preferably in the range from 20kN/mm to 200kN/mm, is expediently provided in the elastomer layer of the respective intermediate layer. The stiffness can also be referred to as the spring rate or support point stiffness. Stiffness describes the ratio of the support point force to the subsidence. In the case of softer materials, the rigidity is less than in the case of materials which are comparatively harder in comparison therewith.

The track bed modulus can be determined, for example, according to DIN 45673 (August version in 2010). Stiffness can be determined according to EN13146 (april version 2012).

Using the basic principle of the at least two spring planes in the switch according to the invention (which can be correspondingly matched to one another), different specific task settings within the switch can be solved better than this is achieved in the prior art. Using the basic principle according to the invention, for example, a better overcoming of the tilting of the sleeper can be achieved at specific points in the switch, which is possible, for example, in particular, in the area of the switch point (Herzst ü ckbereich, sometimes referred to as the switch point area) or in the area of short sleepers within the switch point. For this purpose, in a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the elastomer layer of the tie base of a respective one of the ties has at least two regions that are not as soft, wherein the harder region of the elastomer layer of the tie base is arranged below a first one of the rails and the softer region of the elastomer layer of the tie base is arranged below a second one of the rails, wherein the first one of the rails and the second one of the rails are fastened to the tie upper side of the respective tie at a distance from one another, and the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer arranged between the first one of the rails and the tie upper side of the tie and the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer arranged between the second one of the rails and the tie upper side of the tie are not as soft relative to one another. In addition to the principle known per se from the prior art, that is, the elastomer layer on the bottom of the sleeper is not designed to be equally soft in the longitudinal direction of the sleeper, it can therefore additionally be provided that the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer above the sleeper, i.e. on the upper side of the sleeper, is also designed to be equally hard or soft at locations spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction of the sleeper. In this case, it is particularly preferred if the intermediate layer with the relatively soft elastomer layer is also located in a region above the relatively soft region of the elastomer layer on the sleeper base, and vice versa. In this sense, it is expediently provided that the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer arranged between a first of the rails and the upper side of the sleeper is harder than the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer arranged between a second of the rails and the upper side of the sleeper. By means of this change in hardness or softness, an improved and more uniform load leveling (lastabtraging) can be achieved in a particularly finely tuned manner in the longitudinal direction of the sleeper, not only in the intermediate layer but also in the sleeper bottom, in order thereby to overcome the tilting of the sleeper. In particular, this variant according to the basic principle of the invention is preferably used in short sleepers coupled to the last consecutive sleeper, but also in the so-called switch area of a switch.

The above-mentioned further use of the basic principle of the invention in a switch according to the invention can also be used to avoid abrupt transitions in the longitudinal direction of the switch, i.e. not only in the longitudinal direction of the main rail but also in the longitudinal direction of the diverging rails, in terms of elastic properties. For this purpose, it is provided in a preferred variant that the elastomer layers of the sleeper bottoms of at least two of the sleepers arranged one behind the other, viewed transversely, preferably orthogonally, to the longitudinal direction of the sleepers, are not of the same soft construction relative to one another, and the elastomer layers of the intermediate layer on at least two of the sleepers arranged one behind the other are also configured differently soft relative to one another, wherein, in the case where the softness of the elastomer layer at the bottom of the sleepers varies from one of the sleepers to the sleeper following the aforementioned sleeper in the longitudinal direction, the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer on the two sleepers is equally soft and/or the elastomer layer of the bottom of the sleeper below the two sleepers is equally soft in the case of a change in the softness of the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer from one of the sleepers to the sleeper following the aforementioned sleeper in the longitudinal direction. In this application according to the basic principle of the invention, it is provided, in a simple manner, that changes in the softness in the plane of the tie base do not simultaneously bring about changes in the softness in the plane of the intermediate layer, but rather these changes are offset relative to one another in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the tie. As a result, changes in the spring properties along the switch can be smoothed out or leveled out (versermahere). This principle is suitably applied in the entire switch area. An overlap over a plurality of sleepers is suitable. According to this variant according to the basic principle of the invention, it is provided that the change in the softness or hardness in the plane of the intermediate layer is always arranged offset from the change in the softness or hardness in the plane of the sleeper base.

Another application of the basic principle according to the invention can be used for improvement in the so-called point device region (sometimes referred to as the switching device region) of a switch. In the area of the so-called point devices of a switch, attention is paid on the one hand to: the gravel bed is usually of relatively thin construction, i.e. with a relatively small vertical extent, and the sleeper is additionally of relatively short construction. On the other hand, force blockages occur in particular in this region of the rail due to temperature-induced rail expansion and contraction, but also due to the heating of the switches which are frequently arranged there. Together, they cause the rails to tend to bend laterally horizontally. In order to overcome this tendency, the sleeper base in the region of the point device should be constructed to be relatively plastic or viscoelastic in order thereby to achieve as high a resistance to lateral displacement as possible in the gravel bed or on other foundations. However, this, on the other hand, leads to: the elastic properties are also relatively stiff in the vertical direction. To compensate for this, it can be provided that, in particular in the region of the point devices of the switch points, the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer on a respective one of the sleepers is softer than the elastomer layer of the sleeper base below this sleeper. The relatively soft elastomer layer in the intermediate layer can thus compensate for the relatively hard elastomer layer in the sleeper base in order to ensure the required transverse displacement resistance in such a way that the desired elastic behavior is achieved overall in the vertical direction. In particular, it is expediently provided that, in particular in the region of the point devices of the switch points, the elastomer layer on the sleeper base is designed viscoelastic with an EPM index in the range from 10% to 25%, preferably in the range from 10% to 20%, wherein the EPM index can be defined and measured as in WO 2016/077852 a 1.

Furthermore, it is expedient for the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer, in particular in the region of the point devices of the switch points, to have a stiffness in the range from 20kN/mm to 200kN/mm, preferably in the range from 40kN/mm to 100 kN/mm. The preferred relationships and characteristics given in patent claims 5 to 10 can be applied to the at least one elastomer layer of the sleeper bottom and/or to the at least one elastomer layer of the intermediate layer, respectively, but also to the entire sleeper bottom and/or the entire intermediate layer.

Drawings

Further features and details of preferred variants of the invention are explained below by way of example in the description of the figures. Wherein:

fig. 1 shows a schematic top view of a switch according to the invention in the form of a so-called single switch;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic vertical cross-section along section line AA in FIG. 1;

fig. 3 shows a schematic vertical section along section line BB in fig. 1;

fig. 4 shows a schematic vertical section along the section line CC in fig. 1;

fig. 5 shows a schematically illustrated vertical cross-section along the section line DD in fig. 1;

fig. 6 shows a schematic vertical section along the section line VV in fig. 1;

FIG. 7 shows a schematic vertical section along the section line ZZ in FIG. 1, an

Fig. 8 schematically shows an alternative design of the intermediate layer.

Detailed Description

The switch 1 shown schematically in top view in fig. 1 is a so-called single switch in which the diverging rails 18 open into the main rails 3. For the sake of completeness, it is pointed out that the invention can also be implemented in so-called cross switches, in which the diverging rails 18 open into the main rail 3 on one side and lead beyond it on the other side. Here, the rail that is most mainly driven over is referred to as a main rail 3. The diverging rails 18 are generally rails that are less frequently traveled over.

The rails 2 are fixed in pairs opposite each other on a respective one of the sleepers 4 before and after the switch. The sleepers 4 are arranged along the entire switch transversely and locally or even orthogonally to the longitudinal direction 13 of both the main rail 3 and the branching rail 18. The switch 1 itself has a point device area 14, an intermediate rail area 15 and a switch point area 16. A point rail 23, which is arranged pivotably at a point rail hinge 23, is located in the point device region 14. The switch 17 is located in the switch area 16 of the switch 1. The middle rail area 15 of switch 1 is located between the point device area 14 and the switch point area 16. The intermediate rail 25, which is correspondingly rigidly fixed to the sleeper 4, is located in the intermediate rail region 15. In the point device region 14, the rail 2 lying on the outside is also referred to as stock rail 24. The switch point region 16 of the switch 1 ends on the side facing away from the switch device region 14 with the last consecutive tie 20, which is also referred to as LDS. In the region of the main track 3 and in the region of the branching track 18, a plurality of so-called short sleepers 21 follow, which can be shortened on one side for reasons of space compared to the given space conditions of the sleepers 4 used in the main track 3 and in the branching track 18.

In the region of the frog 17, the rail 2 is generally referred to as a wing rail 26. The rails 2 in the region of the short sleepers 21 are generally referred to as coupling rails 27. In the intermediate rail region 15 and the frog region 16, there can also be a so-called breaker rail (sometimes referred to as a guide rail) 19, as is known per se and is also depicted here. The construction of the switch 1 in fig. 1 described up to this point is known per se and therefore does not need to be explained further. The term "track 2" in principle includes all types of tracks 2, without depending on: whether these tracks are specifically named and additionally provided with their own cue marks or not.

Fig. 2 to 7, which are explained later, are each schematically illustrated vertical sectional views along the above-mentioned sectional lines. Respectively show that: in the respective sectional view, the respective rail 2 is placed on the upper sleeper side 5 of the sleeper 4 by means of the intermediate layer 6, and the sleeper 4 is placed on the gravel bed 28 via the sleeper bottom 8 arranged on its lower sleeper side 7. The fastening of the rails 2 and the intermediate layer 6 to the sleepers 4 is not shown in the figure. The fastening can be carried out as in the prior art. The same applies to the fastening of the sleeper base 8 to the sleeper underside 7 of the sleeper 4.

Instead of the gravel bed 28, a fixed substructure known per se can also be present, for example in the form of a concrete slab or the like. The sleeper base 8, in particular in the case of a fixed substructure, can be arranged not only on the sleeper underside 7 but also can extend, preferably by a distance, upwards on the side of the respective sleeper 4. In this case, in particular, the sleeper bottom 8 can also be referred to as a sleeper shoe (Schwellenschuhe). The sleeper bottom can also have a sleeper shoe insert plate known per se.

In addition to fig. 8, it is shown that both the intermediate layer 6 and the sleeper bottom 8 are designed as a single-layer body in the form of an elastomer layer 10 or 9. This need not be the case, as explained at the outset. Not only the intermediate layer 6 but also the sleeper bottom 8 can also have further layers in addition to its elastomer layer 10 or 9, as was already explained at the outset and is also exemplary at least for the intermediate layer 6 in accordance with fig. 8, which is also explained below.

In all the figures described below, the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper bottom 8 and also the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 are differently hatched. Each type of hatching is exemplary of a particular hardness or softness of the respective elastomer layer 9 or 10, wherein the selected illustration is purely a scale case relative to one another. In all illustrations, the hardest elastomer layer 9 or 10 draws a vertical dashed line. The middle hardness or softness draws a slanted dashed line. The softest elastomer layers 9 and 10 are characterized by a horizontal hatching in relation thereto.

Fig. 2 shows a vertical section along a section line AA in the middle rail area 15, in which the rail 2 is also referred to as middle rail 25. As explained at the outset, there are two elastic planes which are vertically spaced apart from one another. The lower spring plane is formed by the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper bottom 8. The upper elastic plane is realized by the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6. By matching the elasticity or softness of the respectively used elastomer layers 9 and 10, the overall elasticity along the switch 1 can be generally adapted to the locally present requirements. In the central rail region 15 according to fig. 2, the elasticity or softness of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper bottom 8 is of constant design over the entire longitudinal extent in the longitudinal direction 31 of the sleeper 4. The elastomer layers 10 of the intermediate layer 6 arranged on the upper side 5 of the sleeper are harder than the elastomer layers 9 of the sleeper bottom 8, but are of the same relative soft or hard design.

Fig. 3 shows a vertical section through the same sleeper as fig. 2 along the longitudinal direction 13 of the switch 1 in fig. 1.

Fig. 4 shows a vertical section through the switch point 1 in the switch center region 16 along the section line CC in fig. 1 and thus along the sleeper 4 designed as a long sleeper, which is always loaded eccentrically when a train passes over from above, since the train runs along either the main rails 3 or the branching rails 18. This inevitably leads to unilateral loading and thus to a tendency to tip the sleeper 4 in this region. To overcome this, the outer region 11 of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper bottom 8 is of a stiffer design than the central region 12 of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper bottom 8. The possibilities for compensating for the rollover effect are limited. In order to avoid overloading of the sleeper 4 in its central section, the softness in the area 12 in the sleeper base 8 or its elastomer layer 9 must not deviate too much from the edge area 11. In order to nevertheless achieve the desired softness of the support of the second rail 30 in this central region of the sleeper 4, the softness of the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 is additionally also changed in the longitudinal direction 31 of the sleeper 4. Thus, reference is made to a first example in which it is provided that the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper bottom 8 of a respective one of the sleepers 4 has at least two regions 11 and 12 which are not as soft, wherein the harder region 11 of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper bottom 8 is arranged below a first track 29 in the tracks and the softer region 12 of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper bottom 8 is arranged below a second track 30 in the tracks, wherein the first track 29 in the tracks and the second track 30 in the tracks are fixed at a distance from one another on the sleeper upper side 5 of the respective sleeper 4, and the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 arranged between the first track 29 in the tracks and the sleeper upper side 5 of the sleeper 4 and the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 arranged between the second track 30 in the tracks and the sleeper upper side 5 of the sleeper 4 are not as hard relative to one another, it is provided here in particular that the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 arranged between a first rail 29 in the rail and the upper sleeper side 5 of the sleeper 4 is harder than the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 arranged between a second rail 30 in the rail and the upper sleeper side 5 of the sleeper 4.

Fig. 5 shows a second example in which the softness of the elastomer layers 9 and 10 changes in the longitudinal direction 31 of the sleeper 4 both in the sleeper bottom 8 and in the intermediate layer 6. This is a vertical section along the section line DD in fig. 1, i.e. a vertical section of the short sleeper 21 immediately following the last consecutive sleeper 20. These short sleepers 21 tend to tip over, since they project to a lesser extent beyond the rail 2 on one side than on the opposite side due to the limited space requirement on one side. This tilting effect can likewise be overcome by the differently soft or hard regions 11 and 12 of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper bottom 8. However, measurements have shown that, although leveling can be achieved in this way, the load introduced in spite of this is very uneven, so that different settlements can thus occur in the substructure, i.e., here in the gravel bed 28. Here too, a further fine adjustment of the elasticity or softness in the longitudinal direction 31 along the sleeper 4 can be achieved by the additionally present elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6, i.e. by the second elastic plane, which overall also leads to an improved and more uniform load leveling in the region of the short sleeper 21 shortened on one side. Here too, it is preferably provided that the softer intermediate layer 6 is located on the softer region 12 of the sleeper bottom 8, while the harder intermediate layer 6 is also located on the harder region 11 of the sleeper bottom 8.

Fig. 6 shows a longitudinal section through the sleeper 4 parallel to the longitudinal direction 13 of the switch 1 or the main track 3. The following principle is implemented here: the changes in the elasticity in the elastomer layers 9 and 10 of the tie base 8 and of the intermediate layer 6 are effected only offset from one another, i.e. not between the same ties 4. In fig. 6, it is thus provided that, viewed in a direction transverse, preferably orthogonal, to the longitudinal direction 13 of the sleepers 4, the elastomer layers 9 of the sleeper bottoms 8 of at least two of the sleepers 4 arranged one behind the other are not of the same soft construction relative to one another, and the elastomer layers 10 of the intermediate layer 6 on at least two of the sleepers 4 arranged one behind the other are likewise of differently soft construction relative to one another, wherein, in case the softness of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper bottom 8 varies from one of the sleepers 4 to the sleeper 4 following the aforementioned sleeper in the longitudinal direction 13, in the case where the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 on the two sleepers 4 is equally soft and/or where the softness of the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 varies from one of the sleepers 4 to the sleeper 4 following the aforementioned sleeper in the longitudinal direction, the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper bottom 8 below the two sleepers 4 is equally soft. By shifting the changes in elasticity or softness in the transition between the two elasticity planes in the longitudinal direction 13 from one another, abrupt changes in the elasticity behavior along the switch 1 are avoided. I.e. there is a kind of fill-in or balance effect. This is shown schematically in fig. 6. The elasticity of the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 first changes between the first sleeper 4 and the second sleeper 4, viewed from left to right, while the elasticity of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper bottom 8 remains unchanged during the transition from the first sleeper 4 to the second sleeper 4. The elasticity or softness of the elastomer layer 9 in the sleeper bottom 8 then changes from the second sleeper 4 to the third sleeper 4, while the elasticity or softness of the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 remains unchanged in the transition between the two sleepers. Then between the third sleeper 4 and the fourth sleeper 4 and between the fourth sleeper 4 and the fifth sleeper 4, neither the elasticity of the elastomer layer 9 nor the elasticity of the elastomer layer 10 changes, whereas then between the fifth sleeper 4 and the sixth sleeper 4 the softness of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper bottom 8 changes, while the softness of the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 remains unchanged. During the transition from the sixth sleeper 4 to the seventh sleeper 4, the softness of the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 changes, whereas no change occurs between the two sleepers 4 in the softness of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper base 8. This principle is advantageously implemented over the entire longitudinal extent of the switch 1, i.e. both in the main rail 3 and in the branch rail 18.

In the principle described up to now with reference to fig. 4 to 6, it is basically expedient for the modulus of the track bed of the elastomer layer 9 at the sleeper base 8 to be 0.02N/mm³To 0.2N/mm³In the range of (1), the stiffness of the elastomeric layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 is in the range of between 5kN/mm and 150kN/mmInside the enclosure. If the modulus of the bed of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper bottom 8 lies at 0.2N/mm³To 0.3N/mm³Then the elastomeric layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 suitably has a stiffness in this variant in the range of 10kN/mm to 200 kN/mm. Whereas the bed modulus of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper bottom 8 lies at 0.3N/mm³To 0.6N/mm³In the range of (b), the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 then suitably has a stiffness in the range of 15kN/mm to 250kN/mm in the mentioned variant.

Fig. 7 shows a sectional view ZZ in fig. 1 in the area 14 of the point device. In order to ensure a correspondingly high transverse displacement resistance between the respective sleeper 4 and the foundation (here in the form of a gravel bed 28), a sleeper bottom 8 whose elastomer layer 10 has viscoelastic properties is expediently used here. The EPM index of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper bottom 8 in this region is suitably in the range between 10% and 25%, preferably between 10% and 20%. The bed modulus of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper bottom 8 in the point rail arrangement region 14 is expediently at 0.1N/mm³To 0.6N/mm³Within the range of (1). In order to nevertheless achieve a sufficiently soft support of the rail 2 in the vertical direction, the intermediate layer 6 is suitably configured correspondingly soft in this point device region 14. The elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 suitably has a stiffness here in the range of 20 to 200kN/mm, preferably 40 to 100 kN/mm. In general, in the area 14 of the point device of the switch 1, it is therefore expedient to arrange that the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 on a respective one of the sleepers 4 is softer than the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper base 8 below this sleeper 4.

In the sectional views shown up to now, the intermediate layers 6 each consist of a single elastomer layer 10. As already explained at the outset, however, the intermediate layer 6 can also be constructed in layers and from different materials. An example of this is shown in figure 8. Here, the intermediate layer 6 has a metal plate 32 in addition to the elastomer layer 10. The rail 2 is fixed to the metal plate 32. Such a metal plate 32 can be used, for example, to increase the area with which it is pressed onto the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6. Of course, there are numerous other variants of how the intermediate layer 6 can be constructed in multiple layers. This also applies to the tie base 8, wherein reference is made here in particular to the prior art already mentioned at the outset for the description of the multi-layer tie base 8.

List of reference numerals

1 turnout

2 track

3 trunk rail

4 sleeper

5 upper side of sleeper

6 intermediate layer

7 sleeper underside

8 sleeper bottom

9 elastomeric layer

10 elastomeric layer

11 region

12 region

13 longitudinal direction

14 point rail device area

15 intermediate rail area

16 region of bifurcation

17 fork point

18-branch rail

19 wheel-protecting rail

20 LDS

21 short sleeper

22 point rail

23 point rail hinge

24 stock rail

25 middle rail

26 wing rail

27 connecting rail

28 gravel bed

29 first track

30 second track

31 longitudinal direction of

32 metal plate