阅读说明：本技术 分解器及马达 (Resolver and motor ) 是由 山本繁 于 2020-02-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明在使用四相的线圈的分解器中,谋求小型化及结构的简化,并且抑制由惯性增大导致的控制性下降。分解器(1)具备固定于轴(9)的转子(2)、以及与转子(2)对置配置的定子(3)。转子(2)具有与分解器(1)的轴倍角相同数量的凸极部(21),定子(3)具有从环状的铁心(31)向径向突出设置且在周向上以规定间隔配置的4的倍数个的突极(5)和卷绕于各突极(5)的线圈(4)。作为线圈(4),以相同数量设置电角0度的第一相线圈(4A)、电角90度的第二相线圈(4B)、电角180度的第三相线圈(4C)、以及电角270度的第四相线圈(4D)。突极(5)的个数比轴倍角的4倍的值少。(The invention provides a resolver using four-phase coils, which is miniaturized and simplified in structure and is prevented from decreasing in controllability due to an increase in inertia. The resolver (1) is provided with a rotor (2) fixed to a shaft (9), and a stator (3) arranged to face the rotor (2). The rotor (2) has salient poles (21) of the same number as the axial multiple angle of the resolver (1), and the stator (3) has salient poles (5) of 4 times that which are radially projected from an annular core (31) and arranged at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction, and coils (4) wound around the salient poles (5). As the coils (4), a first phase coil (4A) of an electrical angle of 0 degrees, a second phase coil (4B) of an electrical angle of 90 degrees, a third phase coil (4C) of an electrical angle of 180 degrees, and a fourth phase coil (4D) of an electrical angle of 270 degrees are provided in the same number. The number of the salient poles (5) is less than a value of 4 times of the shaft multiple angle.)

1. A resolver includes a rotor fixed to a shaft, and a stator disposed to face the rotor,

the rotor has the same number of salient poles as the shaft multiple angle of the resolver,

the stator has salient poles of a multiple of 4 which are arranged in a circumferential direction at a predetermined interval and protrude from an annular iron core in a radial direction, and coils wound around the salient poles,

as the coils, a first phase coil having an electrical angle of 0 degrees, a second phase coil having an electrical angle of 90 degrees, a third phase coil having an electrical angle of 180 degrees, and a fourth phase coil having an electrical angle of 270 degrees are provided in the same number,

the number of the salient poles is less than a value of 4 times of the shaft multiple angle.

2. The resolver according to claim 1, characterised in that,

in the relationship between the shaft multiple angle and the number of the salient poles, a mechanical angle between the salient poles obtained by dividing a mechanical angle by 360 degrees by the number of the salient poles is set to a value excluding a case where an electrical angle of the rotor is obtained by multiplying 60 degrees by a natural number.

3. The resolver according to claim 2, characterised in that,

the relationship between the axial multiple angle and the number of salient poles is set so that the combinations of the electrical angular phase shift amounts of the coils of the respective phases with respect to the salient pole portions are all the same.

4. The decomposer of claim 3,

the salient poles are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

5. The decomposer of claim 3,

the salient poles are arranged at different intervals in the circumferential direction.

6. The decomposer according to any one of claims 1 to 5,

the number of the salient poles is more than 12,

when a pattern formed when the coils of the same phase adjacent in the circumferential direction are connected to each other by a straight line is not point-symmetric about the rotation center of the shaft, and the stator is divided into two sections with an arbitrary diameter so as to always span two regions, each number of turns of the coil of the same phase is set using a predetermined number of turns coefficient.

7. A motor is characterized in that a motor is provided,

the motor includes:

the decomposer according to any one of claims 1 to 6;

a motor rotor that rotates integrally with the shaft; and

and a motor stator fixed to the housing.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a resolver that detects a rotation speed and a rotation angle of a motor, and a motor including the resolver.

Background

Conventionally, a motor (particularly, a brushless motor) is provided with a detector (sensor) for detecting the rotation speed and the rotation angle (rotation position). As the detector, there is a resolver, which is used for a motor for driving a vehicle, a motor for power steering, and the like, for example, because of its high angular resolution and robustness. For example, patent document 1 discloses a magnetic resolver including a rotor that rotates integrally with a rotation shaft of a motor, a stator provided with 4n (n is a natural number) salient poles, and a coil group wound around each salient pole. In this magnetic resolver, four-phase coils such as a 0 ° phase coil, a 90 ° phase coil, a 180 ° phase coil, and a 270 ° phase coil are excited at a predetermined voltage and calculated, and signals corresponding to the rotational position and the rotational speed of the rotor are calculated.

[ Prior Art document ]

Patent document 1: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 5-18980

However, in order to obtain the electrical angle from the resolver, an axis multiple angle resolver is required which is the same number as the number of pole pairs of the motor or the number which is a common divisor of the number of pole pairs of the motor. For example, when the number of pole pairs of the motor is 7, the same number of "7" as the number of pole pairs or "1" as the common divisor of the number of pole pairs can be used as the shaft multiple angle of the resolver. In general, in a resolver using four-phase coils as in patent document 1, the number of salient poles of the stator is set to 4 times the angle multiplied by the axis of the resolver. For example, 28 salient poles are provided in a resolver whose shaft multiple angle is 7, and 4 salient poles are provided in a resolver whose shaft multiple angle is 1.

As described above, when the number of pole pairs of the motor is a prime number, the resolver has a characteristic that the angle of multiplication of the shaft is easily increased, and there is a problem that the number of salient poles is easily increased. Since the coil is wound around each salient pole, the number of salient poles inevitably increases, which leads to an increase in the number of wound portions. Further, since it is necessary to secure a space corresponding to the winding coil, the resolver is also increased in size, which leads to an increase in cost. Further, when the rotor diameter of the resolver is increased, the inertia increases, which leads to a decrease in controllability.

Disclosure of Invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

The resolver according to the present invention has been developed in view of the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to suppress a decrease in controllability due to an increase in inertia while achieving a reduction in size and a simplification of a structure in a resolver using coils of four phases. In addition, one of the purposes of the motor of the present invention is to perform various controls with high accuracy. The present invention is not limited to these objects, and it is also an object of the present invention to achieve the operational effects by the respective configurations described in the embodiments described later and the operational effects that cannot be obtained by the conventional techniques.

Means for solving the problems

(1) The resolver according to the present invention includes a rotor fixed to a shaft, and a stator disposed to face the rotor. The rotor has salient poles of the same number as the axial multiple angle of the resolver, and the stator has salient poles of a multiple of 4 which are provided to protrude radially from an annular core and arranged at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction, and coils wound around the salient poles. The resolver includes, as the coils, the same number of first phase coils having an electrical angle of 0 degrees, second phase coils having an electrical angle of 90 degrees, third phase coils having an electrical angle of 180 degrees, and fourth phase coils having an electrical angle of 270 degrees, and the number of salient poles is smaller than a value of 4 times the axial multiple angle.

(2) Preferably, in the relationship between the shaft multiple angle and the number of the salient poles, the mechanical angle between the salient poles obtained by dividing the mechanical angle by 360 degrees by the number of the salient poles is set to a value excluding a case where the electrical angle of the rotor is obtained by multiplying 60 degrees by a natural number.

(3) Preferably, the relationship between the axial multiple angle and the number of salient poles is set so that the combinations of the electrical angular phase shift amounts of the coils of the respective phases with respect to the salient pole portions are all the same. That is, it is preferable that the combination of the electrical angular phase shift of the first phase coil with respect to the salient pole portion, the combination of the electrical angular phase shift of the second phase coil with respect to the salient pole portion, the combination of the electrical angular phase shift of the third phase coil with respect to the salient pole portion, and the combination of the electrical angular phase shift of the fourth phase coil with respect to the salient pole portion are all set to be the same. It should be noted that "electrical angular phase shift" referred to herein includes 0 (i.e., a state without phase shift), and "combination" includes singular.

(4) In this case, it is preferable that the salient poles are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

(5) Preferably, the salient poles are arranged at different intervals in the circumferential direction.

(6) Preferably, the number of salient poles is 12 or more, and when a pattern formed by connecting the coils of the same phase adjacent in the circumferential direction with 1 of the coils of the four phases as the target coil in a straight line is not in a point-symmetric shape with respect to the rotation center of the shaft and the stator is divided into two parts with an arbitrary diameter so as to always span two regions, each number of turns of the coil of the same phase is set using a predetermined number of turns coefficient.

(7) The motor of the present invention includes the resolver of any one of (1) to (6) above, a motor rotor that rotates integrally with the shaft, and a motor stator that is fixed to a housing.

Effects of the invention

According to the resolver of the present invention, the number of salient poles of the winding coil is set to be less than 4 times of the shaft multiple angle, so that the resolver can be downsized and simplified in structure. In addition, since an increase in the diameter of the rotor can be prevented, a decrease in controllability due to an increase in inertia can be suppressed.

In addition, according to the motor of the present invention, various controls such as position control and speed control can be performed with high accuracy.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the resolver of the embodiment as viewed from the axial direction.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a motor according to an embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of an electric system of the resolver shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 4 (a) and (b) are a diagram and a table for explaining a method of arranging coils of the resolver shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 5 (a) and (b) are schematic diagrams for explaining a resolver setting method according to the embodiment.

Fig. 6 (a) and (b) are schematic diagrams for explaining a resolver setting method according to the embodiment.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram for explaining durability of the resolver in which the number of salient poles is 4.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining the distribution of the number of turns of the resolver in which the salient pole number is 12.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram for explaining the distribution of the number of turns of the resolver in which the salient pole number is 16.

Fig. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the resolver of a modification example, as viewed from the axial direction.

Description of reference numerals:

1. 1a to 1k decomposers;

1' unequally spaced decomposers (decomposers);

2, a rotor;

3, a stator;

4, coils;

a 4A first phase coil;

4B second phase coil;

a 4C third phase coil;

a 4D fourth phase coil;

5 salient pole;

9 shafts;

10 a motor;

11 a motor stator;

12 a motor rotor;

13 a housing;

21 a salient pole portion;

c, a rotation center;

k turns coefficient;

n is a natural number;

s number of salient poles (number of salient poles);

x-axis multiple angle.

Detailed Description

A resolver and a motor according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. The embodiments described below are merely examples, and it is not intended to exclude the application of various modifications and techniques not explicitly described in the embodiments below. The respective configurations of the present embodiment can be variously modified and implemented without departing from the gist thereof. Further, they can be selected as necessary, or can be appropriately combined.

[1. Structure ]

[1-1. basic construction of resolver ]

The resolver of the present invention is a variable reluctance type (VR type) resolver. That is, the cylindrical outer peripheral surface of the rotor (resolver rotor) facing each salient pole of the stator (resolver stator) is configured such that the distance from the rotation center of the shaft periodically varies in the circumferential direction, and the rotation angle is detected by the variation in the output signal of the resolver (hereinafter referred to as "resolver signal") caused by the variation in the distance (air gap) between the radially inner end surface of the salient pole and the cylindrical outer peripheral surface of the rotor.

Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of the resolver 1 according to the present embodiment as viewed from the axial direction, and only a shaft 9 (rotation shaft) is shown in cross section. The resolver 1 according to the present embodiment is incorporated in a motor 10 as shown in fig. 2, for example. The motor 10 is a brushless motor (e.g., a servo motor) including a motor stator 11 fixed to a housing 13, a motor rotor 12 rotating integrally with the shaft 9, and the resolver 1 built in the housing 13. The resolver 1 is disposed on a shaft 9 of a motor 10, and detects a rotation angle (rotation position) of the motor 10. In the present embodiment, an inner rotor type resolver 1 having an axial double angle of 7 (resolver 1 having a 7X structure) is exemplified. The shaft multiplier is marked with the reference x.

As shown in fig. 1, the resolver 1 includes a rotor 2 fixed to a rotatable shaft 9, and a stator 3 disposed to face the rotor 2. Since the resolver 1 of the present embodiment is an inner rotor type, the stator 3 is disposed around the rotor 2 (radially outward) so as to face the rotor 2. A mounting hole 2h into which the shaft 9 is fitted is formed in the center of the rotor 2, and the center axis of the rotor 2 coincides with the rotation center C. The rotor 2 is formed by stacking a plurality of annular thin plates (steel plates) made of a ferromagnetic material, for example.

The rotor 2 has the salient pole portions 21 arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction by the same number as the shaft multiple angle x of the resolver 1. That is, the rotor 2 of the present embodiment is provided with 7 salient pole portions 21. Each salient pole portion 21 is a portion formed to protrude in an arc shape radially outward from an imaginary circle (two-dot chain line in fig. 1) having the rotation center C as a center. All the salient pole portions 21 have the same shape. Thereby, the outer peripheral surface 2s of the rotor 2 has a cylindrical shape in which the distance from the rotation center C of the shaft 9 periodically varies in the circumferential direction.

The stator 3 includes an annular core 31, a plurality of salient poles 5 radially protruding from the core 31 and arranged at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction, and coils 4 wound around the salient poles 5. The number of salient poles 5 (hereinafter referred to as "salient pole number s") is a multiple of 4 (4, 8, 12, 16 …), and is set to be smaller than a value of 4 times the axis multiple angle x. For example, in the resolver 1 in which the axis multiple angle x is 7, the number of salient poles s is set to a value smaller than 28 (any one of 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24). The reason why the resolver signal that varies according to the change in the air gap can be output and the rotation angle can be detected even if the number of salient poles s is set as described above, similarly to a resolver using a four-phase coil that is conventionally used.

The number of salient poles s in the present embodiment is 12, and the salient poles are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction (i.e., at mechanical angle intervals of 30 degrees). That is, the resolver 1 of the present embodiment is an equi-spaced resolver. Each of the salient poles 5 has a tooth portion 51 extending radially inward (toward the rotation center C) from the core 31 and a wide wall portion 52 extending in the circumferential direction at the tip end of the tooth portion 51, and is substantially T-shaped in plan view. The tooth 51 is a portion around which the coil 4 is wound, and the wall 52 is a portion facing the outer peripheral surface 2s of the rotor 2 and receiving magnetic flux. The space between the circumferentially adjacent salient poles 5 is referred to as a slot 6, and the number s of salient poles is the same as the number of slots 6.

The resolver 1 of the present embodiment is provided with 12 coils 4. Each coil 4 is an input coil to which a current is applied, and the circumferentially adjacent salient poles 5 are wound in opposite directions to each other. As the coils 4, a coil 4A at an electrical angle of 0 degrees (hereinafter also referred to as "first-phase coil 4A"), a coil 4B at an electrical angle of 90 degrees (hereinafter also referred to as "second-phase coil 4B"), a coil 4C at an electrical angle of 180 degrees (hereinafter also referred to as "third-phase coil 4C"), and a coil 4D at an electrical angle of 270 degrees (hereinafter also referred to as "fourth-phase coil 4D") are provided in the same number as one another. That is, the number of coils 4A to 4D of each phase is one fourth of the number of salient poles s.

In the resolver 1 of the present embodiment, 3 first-phase coils 4A, 3 second-phase coils 4B, 3 third-phase coils 4C, and 3 fourth-phase coils 4D are provided, respectively. The coils 4 of the same phase are connected in series with each other. The arrangement of the coils 4A to 4D of each phase will be described later.

Each wall portion 52 extends from the radially inner end of the tooth portion 51 to both sides in the circumferential direction (rotational direction). The circumferential lengths of all the wall portions 52 are set equal. The radially inner end surface 5s (the radially inward surface of the wall portion 52) of each salient pole 5 is located on a circle centered on the rotation center C. That is, the end surfaces 5s of the respective salient poles 5 of the present embodiment are arranged at equal distances from the rotation center C, and are circular arcs having centers at the rotation center C. An air gap is provided between each end face 5s and the outer peripheral surface 2s of the rotor 2.

[1-2. Circuit Structure of resolver ]

Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the electrical system of the resolver 1. As shown in fig. 3, one end 4e of each of the coils 4 of the same phase wound around each salient pole 5 is connected to one terminal 40a of an ac power supply 40 (excitation power supply), and the other end 4f of each of the coils 4 of the same phase is connected to the other terminal 40b of the ac power supply 40 via shunt resistors 41A to 41D, respectively. Output terminals 42A to 42D are provided between the phase coils 4A to 4D and the shunt resistors 41A to 41D, respectively.

Here, a sin wave signal is output from the output terminal 42A of the first-phase coil 4A, and a sin wave signal having a phase opposite to that of the output terminal 42A is output from the output terminal 42C of the third-phase coil 4C. The cos wave signal is output from the output terminal 42B of the second phase coil 4B, and the cos wave signal having the phase opposite to that of the output terminal 42B is output from the output terminal 42D of the fourth phase coil 4D.

The sin wave signal and the cos wave signal output from the output terminals 42A to 42D of the coils 4A to 4D of each phase are input to an R/D (Resolver-Digital) converter unit 7. The R/D converter unit 7 includes a first differential amplifier 71, a second differential amplifier 72, a phase shifter 73, and an adder 74, and compares the angle with a reference signal in a subsequent step of the adder 74 to perform angle operation processing.

The output terminals 42A and 42C are connected to the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the first differential amplifier 71, respectively, and the output terminals 42B and 42D are connected to the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the second differential amplifier 72, respectively. A phase shifter 73 that changes the phase by 90 degrees is connected to the output terminal of the second differential amplifier 72. An output terminal of the first differential amplifier 71 is connected to a first input terminal of the adder 74, and an output terminal of the phase shifter 73 is connected to a second input terminal of the adder 74. Thereby, the R/D converter unit 7 performs processing of the input signal.

[1-3. relationship between axial multiple angle and number of salient poles ]

As described above, the resolver 1 according to the present embodiment has a rotation angle detection function while the number of salient poles s is smaller than the value (4x) of 4 times the shaft multiple angle x. Hereinafter, how to set the relationship between the axial multiple angle x and the number of salient poles s of the resolver 1 is established as a resolver, and a setting method thereof will be described together with a method of arranging the coils 4.

First, with reference to an example of the resolver 1 shown in fig. 1 in which "the axis multiple angle x is 7 and the number of salient poles s is 12", the coils 4A to 4D of which phase are wound around which salient pole 5 will be described with reference to (a) and (b) of fig. 4. As shown in fig. 4 (a), the position of the salient pole 5 located at the right end in the figure among the 12 salient poles 5 is set as a "reference position", and numbers 1 to 12 (salient pole nos.) are given to the salient poles 5 in the counterclockwise order. For example, the salient pole 5 which is shifted by 30 degrees in mechanical angle counterclockwise from the salient pole 5 at the reference position is referred to as "salient pole No. 1". The salient pole 5 at the reference position is referred to as "No. 12". The relationship between the salient pole No. and the mechanical angular position is shown in the table (b) of fig. 4.

Next, the electrical angular phase corresponding to the mechanical angular position of each salient pole 5 is obtained. The electrical angular phase corresponds to a value (product) obtained by multiplying the shaft multiple angle x by the mechanical angular position (mechanical angle), and when the product exceeds 360, 360n (n is a natural number) may be subtracted from the product to be a value of 360 or less. For example, the mechanical angular position is 90 degrees and the electrical angular phase is 270 degrees (90 × 7 to 360) for the salient pole No.3, and the mechanical angular position is 180 degrees and the electrical angular phase is 180 degrees (180 × 7 to 360 × 3) for the salient pole No. 6.

Next, the same number of salient poles 5 having electrical angular phases closest to the electrical angle 0 degree, the electrical angle 90 degree, the electrical angle 180 degree, and the electrical angle 270 are selected, and the phase numbers of the coils 4 wound around the salient poles 5 are set to 1, 2, 3, and 4 in this order. For example, in the resolver 1 shown in fig. 4 (a) and (b), since the salient poles 5 having the electrical angular phase closest to the electrical angle 0 degree are 3 salient poles of No.12 (electrical angular phase is 0), No.7 (electrical angular phase is 30), and No.5 (electrical angular phase is 330), the phase number of the coil 4 wound around the 3 salient poles 5 is set to "1". That is, the first phase coil 4A having an electrical angle of 0 degree is wound around the 3 salient poles 5.

Similarly, since the salient poles 5 having the closest electrical angular phase to the electrical angle of 90 degrees are 3 salient poles No.9 (electrical angular phase 90), No.4 (electrical angular phase 120), and No.2 (electrical angular phase 60), the phase number of the coil 4 wound around the 3 salient poles 5 is "2". A second phase coil 4B having an electrical angle of 90 degrees is wound around the 3 salient poles 5.

Similarly, since the salient poles 5 having the electrical angular phase closest to the electrical angle of 180 degrees are 3 salient poles of No.6 (electrical angular phase 180), No.1 (electrical angular phase 210), and No.11 (electrical angular phase 150), the phase number of the coil 4 wound around the 3 salient poles 5 is "3". A third phase coil 4C of an electric angle of 180 degrees is wound on the 3 salient poles 5.

Similarly, since the salient poles 5 having the electrical angular phase closest to the electrical angle 270 degrees are 3 salient poles of No.3 (electrical angular phase 270), No.10 (electrical angular phase 300), and No.8 (electrical angular phase 240), the phase number of the coil 4 wound around the 3 salient poles 5 is set to "4". A fourth phase coil 4D of 270 degrees in electrical angle is wound on the 3 salient poles 5.

Next, the electrical angular phase shift amount of each phase coil 4A to 4D is obtained. For example, when focusing on 3 salient poles 5 (nos. 12, 7, 5) whose phase number is 1, the electrical angle phase of the salient pole No.12 is 0 degree, and therefore, even if the coil 4A having an electrical angle of 0 degree is disposed at this position, no phase shift occurs. That is, the electrical angular phase shift amount of the salient pole No.12 is "0". On the other hand, since the electrical angular phase of the salient pole No.7 is 30 degrees, when the coil 4A of an electrical angle of 0 degrees is disposed at this position, an electrical angular phase shift of 30 degrees occurs. Similarly, since the electrical angular phase of the salient pole No.5 is 330 degrees, when the coil 4A of an electrical angle of 0 degrees is disposed at this position, an electrical angular phase shift of-30 degrees occurs. That is, the electrical angular phase shift amount of the salient pole No.7 is "30", and the electrical angular phase shift amount of the salient pole No.5 is "-30".

In the same manner, the electrical angular phase shift amount is obtained for 3 salient poles 5(No.9, No.4, No.2) having a phase number of 2, 3 salient poles 5(No.6, No.1, No.11) having a phase number of 3, and 3 salient poles 5(No.3, No.10, No.8) having a phase number of 4. The electrical angular phase shift amount of each phase coil 4A to 4D corresponds to the magnitude of the phase shift at the electrical angle (rotor electrical angular phase) with respect to the salient pole portion 21 of the rotor 2.

When attention is paid to the combination of the electrical angular phase shift amounts of the coils 4A to 4D of the respective phases, all the coils are the same combination of "0, 30, or" 30 ". As described above, even if the coils of the respective phase coils 4A to 4D are electrically offset in angular phase, the rotational angle of the respective phase coils 4A to 4D can be detected and established as a resolver as long as the combination is such that all four phases are the same. Therefore, the relationship between the axial multiple angle x of the resolver and the number of salient poles s is set so that the combinations of the electrical angular phase shift amounts of the coils of the respective phases with respect to the rotor (specifically, salient pole portions) are all the same.

In order to be established as a resolver, it is necessary to be able to select the same number of salient poles having the closest electrical angle phases to the electrical angle 0 degrees, the electrical angle 90 degrees, the electrical angle 180 degrees, and the electrical angle 270 degrees, respectively. From this viewpoint, conversely, the axial multiplication angle x and the number of salient poles s are set so as not to satisfy all the ineligibility conditions (hereinafter referred to as "ineligibility conditions") that the resolver is not satisfied.

Fig. 5 (a) and (b) and fig. 6 (a) and (b) are schematic diagrams for explaining a resolver setting method, and show ineligibility conditions. As described above, in the resolver, the coils of the four phases need to be arranged in the same number, and the coils may not be arranged in accordance with the relationship between the mechanical angular position of the salient poles and the electrical angular phase of the coils.

For example, when the mechanical angle of the salient poles (hereinafter referred to as "mechanical angle between adjacent salient poles") obtained by dividing the mechanical angle by 360 degrees by the number of salient poles s is equal to 360 degrees in terms of the electrical angle of the rotor, all coils are in the same phase as shown in fig. 5 (a), and it is not possible to select other three-phase coils. Note that the mechanical angle between adjacent protrusions can be recorded as 360/s. When the mechanical angle 360/s is equal to the electrical angle 360 degrees (the mechanical angle is 360/x), the condition 1 shown in fig. 5 (a) is satisfied. Similarly, if the mechanical angle 360/s between adjacent protrusions is equal to a value n times a natural number of 360 degrees of the electrical angle (the electrical angle is 720 degrees, 1080 degrees, … degrees), the mechanical angle corresponds to ineligibility 1.

Therefore, when ineligible condition 1 is expressed by the following equation, this is as follows.

Unconditional 1: x is ns (where n is a natural number)

For example, a combination of "the shaft angle x is 4 and the salient pole number s is 4" and a combination of "the shaft angle x is 8 and the salient pole number s is 4" do not hold as a resolver.

In the case where the mechanical angle between adjacent projections is equal to 180 degrees in terms of the electrical angle of the rotor, as shown in fig. 5 (b), for example, only a coil having an electrical angle of 0 degrees and a coil having an electrical angle of 180 degrees can be selected, and the other two-phase coils cannot be selected. That is, when the mechanical angle 360/s between adjacent protrusions is equal to the electrical angle 180 degrees (the mechanical angle is 360/2x), the mechanical angle corresponds to ineligibility 2 shown in fig. 5 (b). Similarly, if the mechanical angle 360/s between adjacent protrusions is equal to a value that is an odd multiple of the electrical angle 180 degrees (the electrical angle is 540 degrees, 900 degrees, … degrees), the same applies to ineligibility 2.

Therefore, when ineligible condition 2 is expressed by the following equation, this is as follows.

Unconditional 2: 2x ═ 2n-1) s (where n is a natural number)

For example, a combination of "the shaft angle x is 4 and the salient pole number s is 8" and a combination of "the shaft angle x is 6 and the salient pole number s is 4" do not hold as a resolver. Note that even-numbered multiples of the electrical angle 180 degrees (electrical angles of 360 degrees, 720 degrees, and the like) are in agreement with ineligible condition 1.

In the case where the mechanical angle between adjacent protrusions is equal to 120 degrees in terms of the electrical angle of the rotor, as shown in fig. 6 (a), for example, a coil having an electrical angle of 0 degrees, a coil having an electrical angle of 90 degrees, or a coil having an electrical angle of 270 degrees can be selected, but a coil having a phase 1 cannot be selected. In this case, the combinations of the electrical angular phase offsets of the selectable three-phase coils with respect to the rotor are also different. For example, as shown in fig. 6 (a), when a coil is disposed at a position where the electrical angular phase is 0 degrees, the phase shift of the 0-degree coil is 0. On the other hand, when the coils are arranged at positions where the electrical angular phases are 90 degrees and 270 degrees, respectively, the electrical angular phase shift amounts are not uniform because the phase shift of the 90-degree coil is 30 and the phase shift of the 270-degree coil is-30.

That is, when the mechanical angle 360/s between adjacent protrusions is equal to the electrical angle 120 degrees (the mechanical angle is 360/3x), it corresponds to ineligibility 3 shown in fig. 6 (a). In addition, when the mechanical angle 360/s between adjacent protrusions is equal to n times the natural number of 120 degrees in electrical angle (the electrical angle is 240 degrees, 480 degrees, 600 degrees, … degrees), which is a number other than a multiple of 3, the same holds true for ineligible 3.

Therefore, when ineligible condition 3 is expressed by the following equation, this is as follows.

Unconditional 3: 3x ═ n's (where n' is a natural number other than a multiple of 3)

For example, a combination of "the shaft angle x is 4 and the salient pole number s is 12" and a combination of "the shaft angle x is 8 and the salient pole number s is 12" does not hold a resolver. Note that a value obtained by multiplying the electrical angle by a multiple of 3 (a value obtained by multiplying 3n times, that is, the electrical angle is 360 degrees, 720 degrees, or the like) corresponds to ineligible condition 1.

In the case where the mechanical angle between adjacent projections is equal to 60 degrees in terms of the electrical angle of the rotor, as shown in fig. 6 (b), for example, a coil having an electrical angle of 0 degree (coil 6n in the figure) and a coil having an electrical angle of 180 degrees (coil 6n +3 in the figure) can be selected. However, the number of coils at the electrical angle of 90 degrees and the electrical angle of 270 degrees is 2. Specifically, the coil 6n +1 and the coil 6n +2 are selected for an electrical angle of 90 degrees, and the coil 6n +4 and the coil 6n +5 are selected for an electrical angle of 270 degrees. Therefore, the number of coils of all four phases is different, and the resolver does not work.

That is, when the mechanical angle 360/s between adjacent projections is equal to the electrical angle 60 degrees (the mechanical angle is 360/6x), the mechanical angle corresponds to ineligibility 4 shown in fig. 6 (b). In addition, when the mechanical angle 360/s between adjacent protrusions is equal to a value obtained by multiplying 6n-1 by 60 degrees or a value obtained by multiplying 6n-5 by 6n-5 (the electrical angle is 300 degrees, 420 degrees, …), the same applies to ineligible condition 4. Here, both of 6n-1 and 6n-5 are denoted by the symbol m.

Therefore, when ineligibility 4 is expressed by the following equation, this is as follows.

Unconditional 4: 6x ═ ms (where m ═ 6n-1 and 6n-5)

For example, a combination of "10 shaft-times angle x and 12 salient pole numbers s" and a combination of "14 shaft-times angle x and 12 salient pole numbers s" do not hold a resolver.

Note that a value 2n times the electrical angle 60 degrees (the electrical angle is 120 degrees, 240 degrees, or the like) corresponds to unconditional 3, a value 3n times the electrical angle 60 degrees (the electrical angle is 180 degrees, 360 degrees, or the like) corresponds to unconditional 2, and a value 6n times the electrical angle 60 degrees (the electrical angle is 360 degrees, 720 degrees, or the like) corresponds to unconditional 1. In other words, in the expression representing ineligibility 4, when m is expanded to all natural numbers n, the above-mentioned ineligibility 1 to 3 is included. Therefore, in the relationship between the axial multiple angle x of the resolver and the number s of salient poles, the mechanical angle between adjacent salient poles is set to exclude the case where the electrical angle of the rotor is a value obtained by multiplying 60 degrees by the natural number n.

[1-4. distribution of turns ]

Here, a structure for improving durability of the resolver will be described. As shown in fig. 1, when a plurality of phase coils 4A to 4D are provided in the resolver 1, if the arrangement of the phase coils 4A to 4D is symmetrical, the radial variation of the axis, that is, the variation of the angle calculation result at the time of the axis runout is suppressed. Namely, durability against shaft runout is improved.

Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a resolver 1a having an axis multiple angle x of 5 and a salient pole number s of 4, and a diagram of a resolver 1b having an axis multiple angle x of 7 and a salient pole number s of 4. In these resolvers 1a and 1b, since only 1 coil 4A to 4D of each phase is provided, there is no coil 4 of the same phase on the opposite side (the opposite side across the rotation center C). For example, when the eye is focused on the first phase coil 4A indicated by an open circle, the first phase coil 4A is not present on the opposite side of a straight line (dashed-dotted line in the figure) passing through the rotation center C and connecting the second phase coil 4B and the fourth phase coil 4D. Therefore, when the position of the rotation center C of the rotor is slightly shifted (when shaft runout occurs), the angle calculation result fluctuates.

On the other hand, for example, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, in the case of a resolver in which the number of salient poles s is 12 or more and the coils 4 of the same phase are present on the opposite side, the durability against shaft runout may be improved by designing the number of turns. Specifically, when the pattern formed by connecting the coils 4 of the same phase adjacent in the circumferential direction with a straight line satisfies both of the following conditions 1 and 2, durability is improved by using a predetermined number of turns coefficient K when setting the number of turns of the coil 4.

Condition 1: the figure is not point-symmetrical about the rotation center C

Condition 2: the pattern must span two square areas when the stator is divided into two sections with arbitrary diameters

In the case where the condition 1 is not satisfied, that is, in the case where the coils 4 of the same phase are disposed point-symmetrically with respect to the rotation center C when the stator is viewed from the axial direction, the number of turns of the coils 4 of the same phase does not need to be designed, and even when shaft runout occurs, the shaft runout can be cancelled out. That is, when condition 1 is not satisfied, the coefficient of turns K is not used because durability against shaft runout is high.

In the case where the condition 2 is not satisfied, that is, in the case where there is no coil 4 of the same phase on the opposite side (in the case where the coil 4 is arranged in an offset manner), the number of turns coefficient K is not used because the coils cannot cancel each other out in the same manner as the resolvers 1a and 1b shown in fig. 7. The number of turns K is obtained by experiments, simulations, and the like in advance.

In the resolver 1f (the axis multiple angle x is 5 and the number of salient poles s is 12) and the resolver 1g (the axis multiple angle x is 7 and the number of salient poles s is 12) shown in fig. 8, for example, a graph obtained by connecting circumferentially adjacent first-phase coils 4A with a straight line is an isosceles triangle having an arbitrary diameter as shown by a solid line in the figure. The other phase coils 4B to 4D are likewise isosceles triangles having arbitrary diameters. Therefore, both of these resolvers 1f and 1g satisfy the above conditions 1 and 2. Therefore, for example, in the resolvers 1f and 1g, when the number of turns of the first-phase coil 4A located on the right side in the drawing is Y1 and the number of turns of each of the two first-phase coils 4A located on the left side in the drawing is Y2, the number of turns Y1 is set to be a value obtained by multiplying the number of turns Y2 by the number of turns coefficient K (Y1 — Y2 × K).

On the other hand, in the resolver 1h shown in fig. 8 (the axial multiple angle x is 11, and the number of salient poles s is 12), for example, a pattern obtained by connecting circumferentially adjacent first-phase coils 4A with a straight line is an isosceles triangle having no arbitrary diameter as shown by a solid line in the figure, and therefore the above-described condition 2 is not satisfied. Therefore, for the resolver 1h, the number of turns is not set using the turn coefficient K.

In the resolver 1i (the shaft multiple angle x is 5 and the number of salient poles s is 16) and the resolver 1k (the shaft multiple angle x is 7 and the number of salient poles s is 16) shown in fig. 9, for example, a pattern obtained by connecting circumferentially adjacent first-phase coils 4A with a straight line is a trapezoid having an arbitrary diameter as shown by a solid line in the figure. The other phase coils 4B to 4D are similarly trapezoidal with arbitrary diameters. Therefore, both of these resolvers 1i and 1k satisfy the above conditions 1 and 2. Therefore, in the resolvers 1i and 1K, the number of turns of each phase coil 4A to 4D is also set using the number of turns coefficient K as in the resolvers 1f and 1g described above, whereby durability can be improved.

On the other hand, in the resolver 1j shown in fig. 9 (the axis multiple angle x is 6, and the salient pole number s is 16), the above condition 1 is not satisfied because a graph obtained by connecting the first-phase coils 4A adjacent in the circumferential direction with a straight line is rectangular as shown by a solid line in the figure, for example. Therefore, the resolver 1j may have the same number of turns for each phase coil 4A to 4D.

[2. action, Effect ]

(1) In the resolver described above, the number of salient poles 5 of the winding coil 4 is set to be less than 4 times the angle of the shaft (i.e., the salient poles 5 are spaced apart from each other), so that the resolver can be downsized and simplified in structure. In addition, since an increase in the diameter of the rotor can be prevented, a decrease in controllability due to an increase in inertia can be suppressed.

(2) According to the resolver described above, when the number of salient poles s is a multiple of 4 as a combination of the shaft multiple angle x and the number of salient poles s, a simple-structured resolver can be established by excluding "the case where the electrical angle of the rotor is a value obtained by multiplying a natural number n by 60 degrees" from the mechanical angle between adjacent salient poles.

(3) In the resolver described above, the relationship between the axial multiple angle x and the number of salient poles s is set so that the combinations of the electrical angular phase shift amounts of the phase coils 4A to 4D with respect to the salient pole portions 21 are all the same. Therefore, even if there is a phase shift with respect to the rotor (salient pole portion 21), the resolver having a simple configuration can be established by making all combinations of the phase shifts the same in the coils 4A to 4D of the four phases.

(4) Further, by setting the combinations of the electrical angular phase shift amounts to be all the same, for example, as shown in fig. 1, the salient poles 5 of the resolver 1 can be arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. That is, since all the mechanical angles between the adjacent protrusions can be made the same, the resolver 1 can be further downsized and simplified in structure.

(5) In a resolver in which the salient pole number s is 12 or more, the durability against shaft runout can be improved by setting the number of turns of the coil 4 using the number of turns coefficient K when the above conditions 1 and 2 are satisfied simultaneously. For example, as in the resolvers 1f and 1g shown in fig. 8, when the coils 4A to 4D of each phase are arranged in an isosceles triangle shape having an arbitrary diameter as viewed in the axial direction, the number of turns can be set by using the number of turns coefficient K such that the number of turns on the apex side is increased with respect to the number of turns on the base side, thereby realizing a resolver having high durability.

(6) In addition, in the motor including the resolver, the rotation angle of the rotor (i.e., the shaft 9) can be detected with high accuracy, and thus various controls such as position control and speed control can be performed with high accuracy.

[3. modification ]

The plurality of salient poles of the resolver are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, but the salient poles of the resolver may be arranged at different intervals in the circumferential direction. Hereinafter, the resolver 1 'in which the intervals between the circumferentially adjacent protrusions are uneven is also referred to as an uneven interval resolver 1'. Fig. 10 illustrates an unequal interval resolver 1' in which the shaft angle x is 7 and the number of salient poles s is 12. In the following description, the same components as those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description thereof is omitted.

In the unequal interval resolver 1', the mechanical angular position of the salient poles 5 is set to a position that coincides with the rotor electrical angular phase. That is, the electrical angular phase shift amounts of the phase coils 4A to 4D are all 0, and the combinations of the electrical angular phase shift amounts of the phase coils 4A to 4D are all the same. For example, when focusing on the salient poles 5 of the first-phase coil 4A wound at an electrical angle of 0 degree, all of the 3 straight lines L5, L7, and L12 (broken lines in the drawing) connecting these salient poles 5 to the rotation center C pass through the tip ends of the salient pole portions 21 (positions where the tangent to the salient pole portions 21 extends in the direction orthogonal to the radius of the rotor 2).

A method for setting the mechanical angular position of the salient pole 5 in the unequal interval resolver 1' shown in fig. 10 will be described. First, as in the case of the above-described equi-spaced resolver 1, the positions of 1 salient pole 5 are set as "reference positions", and a salient pole No. is given to each salient pole 5. Next, the electrical angular phase corresponding to the mechanical angular position of each salient pole 5 is obtained. Then, the same number of salient poles 5 having electrical angular phases closest to the electrical angle 0 degrees, the electrical angle 90 degrees, the electrical angle 180 degrees, and the electrical angle 270 degrees are selected, and the phase numbers of the coils 4 wound around the selected salient poles 5 are set to 1, 2, 3, and 4 in this order. This is shown in the table shown in fig. 4 (b).

In the unequal-interval resolver 1', the mechanical angular positions of the salient poles 5 are shifted in the circumferential direction so that the electrical angular phase shift amounts of the coils 4A to 4D of the respective phases become 0. For example, when focusing on 3 salient poles 5 whose phase number is 1 [ salient poles nos. 12, 7, 5 in fig. 4 (b) ], the electrical angular phase shift amount of the salient pole nos. 5 and 7 is not 0. Therefore, the mechanical angular positions are shifted in the circumferential direction so that the electrical angular phases of both the salient poles 5 are 0.

As a result, the mechanical angular position of the salient pole No.5 coincides with the rotor electrical angular phase as indicated by a broken line L5 in fig. 10, and the mechanical angular position of the salient pole No.7 coincides with the rotor electrical angular phase as indicated by a broken line L7 in fig. 10. The mechanical angular positions of the salient poles 5 (nos. 5 and 7) are the mechanical angular positions of the salient poles when the salient poles are assumed to have a value (28 pieces) 4 times the shaft multiple angle x. That is, this setting method can be said to be a setting method in which 12 of 28 salient poles are selected and an interval is set for 16 salient poles. The mechanical angular position may be determined by the same method for the other salient poles 5 of the numbers 2 to 4.

Even in the unequal-interval resolver 1 ', the number of salient poles 5 of the winding coil 4 can be set to be smaller than 4 times the shaft multiple angle (i.e., the salient poles 5 are spaced apart from each other), and the resolver 1' can be downsized and simplified in structure. In addition, since an increase in the diameter of the rotor can be prevented, a decrease in controllability due to an increase in inertia can be suppressed. Fig. 10 illustrates a resolver 1' in which the axial multiple angle x is 7 and the number of salient poles s is 12, but the present invention is also applicable to other resolvers in which the axial multiple angle x and the number of salient poles s are equal to the above-described embodiments. In addition, the above-described method of multiplying the number of turns of the coil 4 by the number of turns coefficient K can also be applied to an unequal interval resolver. By applying the same configuration as in the above-described embodiment, the same effects as those described above can be obtained.

[4. other ]

The shapes and structures of the elements (the salient pole portions 21 of the rotor 2 and the salient poles 5 of the stator 3) of the resolvers 1 and 1' are not limited to those described above. For example, the rotor 2 may not have a laminated structure, and the shape of the salient pole 5 may not be T-shaped. The circuit configuration described above is also an example, and circuits other than the above configuration may be provided.

The resolver is an inner rotor type (a structure in which the stator is disposed to face the rotor on the radially outer side of the rotor), but the above-described structure may be applied to an outer rotor type (a structure in which the stator is disposed to face the rotor on the radially inner side of the rotor). The above-described structure may be applied to a resolver in which the stator is disposed to face the rotor in the axial direction of the rotor (so-called axial gap structure), instead of the resolver in which the stator is disposed to face the rotor in the radial direction of the rotor. That is, the resolver may have an axial gap structure in which the rotor is provided with salient pole portions of the same number as the shaft multiple angle, the stator is provided with salient poles of a multiple number of 4, and the salient poles are wound with first-phase coils, second-phase coils, third-phase coils, and fourth-phase coils of the same number. Even with such a configuration, the number of salient poles is set to be less than 4 times the angle of the rotor shaft, so that the same operational effects as those of the above-described embodiment can be obtained.