阅读说明：本技术 一种河蟹育苗生物饵料及其制备方法 (Biological bait for river crab seedling and preparation method thereof ) 是由 陈瑜 刘飞 于 2019-01-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种河蟹育苗生物饵料及其制备方法,此饵料营养全面,蛋白质的氨基酸组份基本平衡,能适应河蟹养殖环境和生物习性,饵料中的蛋白质含量较高,粗蛋白含量可达38-40％,微粉状饵料在水中悬浮性稳定,可直接被河蟹幼苗吸收消化。本发明河蟹幼苗生物饵料富含多种活性益生菌株,饵料投放水体后,生命力极强,代谢旺盛,能迅速繁殖,产生大量胞外酶类,将水中残饵和鱼虾排泄物等大分子降解为有机酸、氨基酸等小分子,为硅藻类、浮游生物繁殖提供丰富的养分。同时益生菌发挥了氨化、硝化、硫化和固氮作用,消除水体中氨酸、亚硝酸盐和硫化氢等有毒物质,降解了化学溶氧量和生物耗氧量,间接地增加溶氧量净化水质。(The invention relates to a river crab biological bait and a preparation method thereof, the bait has comprehensive nutrition, basically balanced amino acid components of protein, high protein content in the bait, 38-40% of crude protein content, stable suspension property of micro powder bait in water, and can be directly absorbed and digested by river crab seedlings. The biological bait for the river crab seedlings is rich in various active probiotic strains, has extremely strong vitality and vigorous metabolism after being put into a water body, can be rapidly propagated to generate a large number of extracellular enzymes, degrades residual bait, fish and shrimp excreta and other macromolecules in water into organic acid, amino acid and other micromolecules, and provides rich nutrients for the propagation of diatoms and plankton. Meanwhile, the probiotics play roles of ammoniation, nitrification, vulcanization and nitrogen fixation, toxic substances such as ammonia acid, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide and the like in water are eliminated, the chemical dissolved oxygen and the biological oxygen consumption are degraded, and the dissolved oxygen is indirectly increased to purify water.)

1. A river crab seedling biological bait and a preparation method thereof are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight, and are characterized in that:

step one, preparing equal parts of biological bait:

15-40 parts of fish meal, 5-15 parts of blood meal, 5-15 parts of meat and bone meal, 5-15 parts of peptone, 5-15 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 5-15 parts of baker's yeast, 5-10 parts of puffed soybean meal, 5-10 parts of soybean hull, 5-10 parts of fermented rapeseed meal, 5-10 parts of rice bran, 0.05-0.15 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.05-0.2 part of fatty acid (n-3 HUFA), 120.05-0.2 part of vitamin B and 3-8 parts of mixed strain powder;

step two, the preparation method of the biological bait comprises the following steps:

the mixed strain powder is prepared by fermenting and culturing the following 13 strains: aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, cerevisiae Fermentum, Candida utilis, Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus silicalite, Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus, Candida lipolytica, Geotrichum candidum, and Streptococcus faecalis; the preparation method comprises fermenting and culturing strains respectively, and mixing the cultured strains to obtain mixed strain powder; in the mixed strain powder, the strain powder of each strain accounts for not less than 5 percent of the weight of the mixed strain powder.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a river crab feed preparation technology, in particular to a river crab feed preparation method which comprises the following steps: a biological bait for river crab seedling and its preparation method are provided.

Background

The river crab is named as Chinese mitten crab, also called crab and hairy crab, belongs to a precious and fresh aquatic product, has delicious taste and rich nutrition, and has very high economic value. The head and chest armor formed by combining the head and the chest of the river crab is square and round and hard in texture. The front end of the body is provided with a pair of eyes, and the side surface is provided with two pairs of very sharp crab teeth. The pair of appendages at the forefront end of the crab are chela and full of villi on the surface; there are 4 pairs of feet behind the chela, which are flat and long on the side; the abdominal limb has degenerated. The male and female of the river crab can be distinguished from the abdomen: the female abdomen is round and the male abdomen is triangular. The river crab is a large crustacean, the body is divided into 21 sections, and the whole body is divided into two parts, namely a head part, a chest part and an abdomen part, because the head part and the chest part are mutually healed. The back of the adult crab is black, and the average length of the head and the chest nail is 7cm and the width is 7.5 cm. River crabs often cave in mud banks of rivers and lakes, move at night, feed on fish, shrimps, animal corpses and grains, often migrate to a mouth of a river out of the sea to lay eggs in autumn every year, hatch into young crabs in 3-5 months in the next year, and breed into adult crabs after autumn, so that the meat is fresh and tender, the nutrition is rich, and the food is a fresh food material for crabs deeply loved by people.

When the young river crabs are converted from endogenous nutrition to exogenous nutrition, the young river crabs immediately need external food to provide nutrition, and even the best artificial feed matched with the young river crabs is not as good as biological bait in the seedling process. Compared with artificial compound feed, the biological feed has the following obvious advantages: the nutrition is rich and comprehensive, the enzyme is contained in the river crab, the deficiency of the enzyme of the digestive system of the river crab seedlings is made up after the enzyme is ingested, and the enzyme is easier to be digested and absorbed by the seedlings; in addition, the biological bait has proper size, does not pollute water quality and can enhance the disease resistance of the cultured objects. Therefore, biological baits are difficult to replace by artificial compound feeds until now. Whether the biological bait can meet the requirements of the breeding on quality, quantity and type is also regarded as the bottleneck of the breeding stage of the river crab. Although some progress is made in the technology, the technical problem which is not overcome in the actual application still exists.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide the biological bait for the river crab seedlings, which has the advantages of reasonable ingredients, comprehensive nutrition, good palatability, high growth rate and strong disease prevention and resistance.

The invention provides a river crab seedling biological bait and a preparation method thereof.

Step one, preparing equal parts of biological bait:

15-40 parts of fish meal, 5-15 parts of blood meal, 5-15 parts of meat and bone meal, 5-15 parts of peptone, 5-15 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 5-15 parts of baker's yeast, 5-10 parts of puffed soybean meal, 5-10 parts of soybean hull, 5-10 parts of fermented rapeseed meal, 5-10 parts of rice bran, 0.05-0.15 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.05-0.2 part of fatty acid (n-3 HUFA), 120.05-0.2 part of vitamin B and 3-8 parts of mixed strain powder;

step two, the preparation method of the biological bait comprises the following steps:

the mixed strain powder is prepared by fermenting and culturing the following 13 strains: aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, cerevisiae Fermentum, Candida utilis, Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus silicalite, Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus, Candida lipolytica, Geotrichum candidum, and Streptococcus faecalis; the preparation method comprises fermenting and culturing strains respectively, and mixing the cultured strains to obtain mixed strain powder; in the mixed strain powder, the strain powder of each strain accounts for not less than 5 percent of the weight of the mixed strain powder.

Step three:

the raw materials are also added with proper amount of vitamin B12 and fatty acid (n-3 HUFA) for nutrition enhancement.

Step four:

in the mixed strain powder, the weight ratio of the strain powder of each strain is 1: 1.

Step five:

(1) uniformly mixing the crushed fish meal, blood meal, meat and bone meal, peptone, hydrolyzed feather meal, baker's yeast, puffed soybean meal, soybean hulls, fermented rapeseed meal, rice bran, calcium hydrophosphate, fatty acid (n-3 HUFA) and vitamin B12 according to the proportion to obtain a mixed raw material;

(2) respectively taking aspergillus oryzae, rhizopus, trichoderma viride, bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger, beer yeast, candida utilis, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus silicalite, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, candida lipolytica, geotrichum candidum and streptococcus faecalis, sequentially carrying out slant strain culture, test tube amplification culture, triangular shake flask culture and shallow solid amplification culture, and uniformly mixing strain powder obtained by culturing each strain according to a proportion to obtain mixed strain powder;

(3) mixing the mixed raw materials and the mixed bacterial medium powder in proportion to obtain a mixed material, adding water into the mixed material, wherein the weight ratio of the mixed material to the water is 1: 1, uniformly stirring, fermenting the auxiliary materials for 48-96 hours, and the thickness of the auxiliary materials is 2-6 cm;

(4) after the fermentation is finished, drying and crushing to 120-mesh and 200-mesh to obtain the finished product.

Step six:

the time for fermentation of the auxiliary materials is 72 hours.

In the biological bait for young river crabs, aspergillus oryzae is usedAspergillus oryzae(Asp. oryzae), Rhizopus (Rhizopus), Trichoderma viride (T. viride), Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilis(Ehrenberg) Cohn, Aspergillus nigerAspergillus niger) Beer yeast (1)Saccharomyces cerevisiaeHansen), Candida utilis: (G.utilis) Bacillus laterosporusBacillus laterosporus Laubach、Bacillus silicaliteBacillus mucilaginosus(ii) a Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticusBacillus psychrosaccharolyticus；Candida lipolytica (C)C.lipolytica) Geotrichum candidum (A), (B), (C), (B), (C), (Geotrichum candidum) And Streptococcus faecalis: (Fecal streptococcus) All 11 strains are purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) of the institute of microbiology of the Chinese academy of sciences, and the slant culture, test tube amplification culture, triangular flask culture and shallow solid amplification culture of each strain all adopt the conventional culture, fermentation conditions and culture medium of the disclosed strain. The mixed strain powder in the biological bait for the river crab seedlings is prepared by pure culture and separation of single strains of each strain, expanded culture and solid shallow culture. The ingredients are mainly animal feed,such as fish meal, blood meal, meat and bone meal, peptone, hydrolyzed feather meal, and optionally plant feed such as baker's yeast, puffed soybean meal, soybean hull, fermented rapeseed meal, rice bran, etc., and mineral feed.

The invention can produce a large amount of active biological proteins such as mycoprotein, extracellular enzyme, amylase and the like after the mixed materials are subjected to the deep fermentation of the auxiliary materials. The obtained product is rich in animal protein, vegetable protein and mycoprotein, and has special yeast flavor.

The biological bait for the young river crabs has comprehensive nutrition, basically balanced amino acid components of protein, high protein content in the bait, 38-40% of crude protein content, stable suspension property of the micro-powder bait in water, and capability of being directly absorbed and digested by the young river crabs.

The biological bait for the river crab seedlings is rich in various active probiotic strains, has extremely strong vitality and vigorous metabolism after being put into a water body, can be rapidly propagated to generate a large number of extracellular enzymes, degrades residual bait, fish and shrimp excreta and other macromolecules in water into organic acid, amino acid and other micromolecules, and provides rich nutrients for the propagation of diatoms and plankton. Meanwhile, the probiotics play roles of ammoniation, nitrification, vulcanization and nitrogen fixation, toxic substances such as ammonia acid, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide and the like in water are eliminated, the chemical dissolved oxygen and the biological oxygen consumption are degraded, and the dissolved oxygen is indirectly increased to purify water. The organic matters in the mud layer are rotted due to the fact that residual baits and animal excreta are deposited on the bottom of the culture pond for a long time, the ecological environment of the razor clam is directly polluted by generated toxic substances such as ammonia nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide, the probiotics can convert nitrate into harmless nitrogen to be discharged into the atmosphere by using the organic substances in the sludge as carbon sources, the content of the hydrogen sulfide and nitrite in the sediments is rapidly reduced, and the breeding of the moss is effectively prevented.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: high-quality nutrient substances in the biological bait for the young river crabs can be directly sucked and digested, a large amount of probiotics are rapidly propagated in intestinal tracts of the river crabs, protease and amylase with very strong activities are secreted, and special mycoprotein compensates for the nutritional defects of the river crabs, more importantly, escherichia coli in the intestinal tracts is inhibited, the survival and propagation of salmonella are reduced, the occurrence of intestinal diseases is reduced, the filtration, suction and digestion of the bait by razor clams are promoted, and thus the river crabs grow into large and long bodies and grow into fertilizer quickly.

Detailed Description