阅读说明：本技术 从辣木鲜嫩枝叶中提取蛋白质、总黄酮和sod的方法 (Method for extracting protein, total flavone and SOD from fresh tender branches and leaves of moringa oleifera ) 是由 陈石良 于 2018-09-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了从辣木鲜嫩枝叶中提取蛋白质、总黄酮和SOD的方法。将新鲜辣木枝叶锤切、揉搓、压榨、过滤,以获取枝叶浆汁；将以上枝叶浆汁加热、压滤、烘干,以获得叶蛋白粉；将以上热叶清汁提取总黄酮、干燥、粉碎后,得到总黄酮粉粗品；将去总黄酮后的浓缩叶清汁提取SOD,冻干后得到SOD粗品冻干粉。本发明以廉价的辣木鲜嫩枝叶为原料,采用现代加工技术,在同一生产工艺流程中,提取出蛋白质、总黄酮和SOD三种具有较高附加值的物质,工艺简单,易于实施。(The invention discloses a method for extracting protein, total flavone and SOD from fresh tender branches and leaves of moringa oleifera. Hammering, rubbing, squeezing and filtering fresh moringa oleifera branches and leaves to obtain branch and leaf juice; heating, press-filtering and drying the above branch and leaf juice to obtain leaf protein powder; extracting total flavone from the hot leaf clear juice, drying, and pulverizing to obtain crude total flavone powder; extracting SOD from the concentrated leaf juice after removing the total flavonoids, and freeze-drying to obtain crude SOD freeze-dried powder. The invention takes the cheap fresh and tender branches and leaves of the moringa oleifera as the raw material, adopts the modern processing technology, extracts three substances with higher added values, namely protein, total flavone and SOD, in the same production process flow, and has simple process and easy implementation.)

1. A method for extracting protein, total flavone and SOD from fresh tender moringa leaves uses the tender moringa leaves as main raw materials, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following process steps:

(1) selecting, hammering, kneading and squeezing fresh and tender moringa leaves, filtering the fresh and tender moringa leaves by using a 30-mesh filter screen to remove branch and leaf residues, and collecting juice of the tender moringa leaves for later use;

(2) heating the tender branch and leaf juice obtained in the step (1) to 60-80 ℃, preserving heat for 30 minutes, filtering and collecting leaf protein flocculation by using a 60-mesh filter screen, filtering the leaf protein flocculation by using 120-mesh filter cloth and 0.1Mpa pressure to obtain a filter cake, drying and drying the filter cake at the temperature of 120-130 ℃, and crushing the dried filter cake to obtain a crude leaf protein powder;

(3) combining the hot leaf clear juice subjected to the removal of the leaf protein flocculation in the step (2) with the hot leaf clear juice subjected to press filtration, and then carrying out the process step of extracting the total flavonoids, namely, concentrating the leaf clear juice subjected to the removal of the leaf protein at 60 ℃ under vacuum and reduced pressure to one third of the original volume, cooling to 4 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, carrying out centrifugal separation on the total flavonoid precipitate by using a high-speed tubular centrifuge with the centrifugal speed of 16000r/min, drying and crushing the separated crude total flavonoids at 80-85 ℃ to obtain crude moringa oleifera tender branch leaf total flavonoid powder;

(4) and (3) removing the total flavonoids from the concentrated leaf clear juice obtained in the step (3), and then performing the process steps of extracting SOD, namely: adding ammonium sulfate salt into the concentrated leaf juice without total flavonoids at 4 ℃ to reach 85% saturated concentration, keeping for 3-4 hours, recovering SOD precipitate separated out from the ammonium sulfate salt by using a high-speed tubular centrifuge with the centrifugation speed of 16000r/min, and freeze-drying the recovered SOD precipitate to obtain crude moringa oleifera tender branch leaf SOD freeze-dried powder.

2. The method for extracting protein, total flavonoids and SOD from fresh tender moringa leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and performing corresponding process extraction on the obtained crude protein powder, crude total flavonoids and crude SOD according to the requirements of different purities.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of biology, in particular to a method for extracting protein, total flavonoids and SOD from fresh tender branches and leaves of moringa oleifera.

Background

Moringa oleifera is a perennial woody plant, is native to Himalayas mountain areas in North India, and is a tropical plant with high edible and medicinal values. In recent years, moringa oleifera is widely introduced and cultivated in Guangdong, Yunnan, Hainan and other places in China, and is widely applied to the fields of food, health care, medicines, beauty treatment and the like. A large number of researches prove that the moringa branches and leaves contain various functional components such as rich protein, total flavone, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the like, the protein content of the moringa branches and leaves reaches 27 percent, and is about 2 times of that of milk; moringa oleifera flavone has effects of lowering blood pressure, reducing cholesterol, resisting bacteria, resisting tumor, etc., and superoxide dismutase (SOD) contained in Moringa oleifera branches and leaves has effects of scavenging free radicals, regulating thyroxine and liver lipid peroxidation. At present, the development and utilization of the moringa branches and leaves are limited to extracting total flavonoids, and no report about a process for extracting protein, total flavonoids and SOD from the moringa branches and leaves is found. Therefore, the method is used for developing and developing a process for extracting protein, total flavone and SOD from fresh tender moringa leaves, and extracting the protein, the total flavone and the SOD respectively so as to improve the processing benefit of the fresh and tender moringa leaves, and has great practical value.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for extracting protein, total flavone and SOD from fresh tender moringa leaves based on the above situation, which takes the cheap tender moringa leaves as raw materials and produces three substances with high added values, namely the protein, the total flavone and the SOD in the same production flow through a simple process method.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a method for extracting protein, total flavone and SOD from fresh tender moringa leaves uses the fresh tender moringa leaves as a main raw material, and comprises the following process steps:

(1) selecting, hammering, kneading and squeezing fresh and tender moringa leaves, filtering the fresh and tender moringa leaves by using a 30-mesh filter screen to remove branch and leaf residues, and collecting juice of the tender moringa leaves for later use;

(2) heating the tender branch and leaf juice obtained in the step (1) to 60-80 ℃, preserving heat for 30 minutes, filtering and collecting leaf protein flocculation by using a 60-mesh filter screen, filtering the leaf protein flocculation by using 120-mesh filter cloth and 0.1Mpa pressure to obtain a filter cake, drying and drying the filter cake at the temperature of 120-130 ℃, and crushing the dried filter cake to obtain a crude leaf protein powder;

(3) combining the hot leaf clear juice subjected to the removal of the leaf protein flocculation in the step (2) with the hot leaf clear juice subjected to press filtration, and then carrying out the process step of extracting the total flavonoids, namely, concentrating the leaf clear juice subjected to the removal of the leaf protein at 60 ℃ under vacuum and reduced pressure to one third of the original volume, cooling to 4 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, carrying out centrifugal separation on the total flavonoid precipitate by using a high-speed tubular centrifuge with the centrifugal speed of 16000r/min, drying and crushing the separated crude total flavonoids at 80-85 ℃ to obtain crude moringa oleifera tender branch leaf total flavonoid powder;

(4) and (3) removing the total flavonoids from the concentrated leaf clear juice obtained in the step (3), and then performing the process steps of extracting SOD, namely: adding ammonium sulfate salt into the concentrated leaf juice without total flavonoids at 4 ℃ to reach 85% saturated concentration, keeping for 3-4 hours, recovering SOD precipitate separated out from the ammonium sulfate salt by using a high-speed tubular centrifuge with the centrifugation speed of 16000r/min, and freeze-drying the recovered SOD precipitate to obtain crude moringa oleifera tender branch leaf SOD freeze-dried powder.

And performing corresponding process extraction on the obtained crude protein powder, crude total flavonoids and crude SOD according to different purity requirements.

The invention has the advantages that:

the invention uses cheap fresh and tender moringa leaves as a main raw material, applies the modern processing technology, extracts three substances with higher added values, namely protein, total flavone and SOD, in the same production process flow, improves the comprehensive utilization and processing benefits of the fresh and tender moringa leaves, and has simple process and easy implementation.

Detailed Description

The specific operating steps are further described below by way of example:

(1) taking 100 kg of fresh and tender moringa leaves, selecting, hammering, cutting, kneading, squeezing, and filtering with a 30-mesh filter screen to remove branch and leaf residues to obtain 72.4 kg of moringa tender branch and leaf pulp;

(2) heating the moringa oleifera tender branch leaf pulp obtained in the step (1) to 70 ℃, preserving heat for 30 minutes, filtering and collecting leaf protein flocculation by using a 60-mesh filter screen, filtering the leaf protein flocculation by using 120-mesh filter cloth and 0.1Mpa pressure to obtain a filter cake, drying and drying the filter cake at the temperature of 120-mesh and 130 ℃, and crushing after drying to obtain 2.35 kg of a crude moringa oleifera tender leaf protein powder product with the protein content of more than 68%;

(3) combining the hot leaf clear juice subjected to the removal of the leaf protein flocculation in the step (2) with the hot leaf clear juice subjected to press filtration, and then carrying out the process step of extracting the total flavonoids, namely, concentrating the leaf clear juice subjected to the removal of the leaf protein at 60 ℃ under vacuum and reduced pressure to one third of the original volume, cooling to 4 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, carrying out centrifugal separation on the total flavonoid precipitate by using a high-speed tubular centrifuge with the centrifugal speed of 16000r/min, drying and crushing the separated crude total flavonoids at 80 ℃, thus obtaining 0.86 kg of crude moringa oleifera tender leaf total flavonoid powder with the flavonoid content of more than 25%;

(4) and (3) removing the total flavonoids from the concentrated leaf clear juice obtained in the step (3), and then performing the process steps of extracting SOD, namely: adding ammonium sulfate salt into the concentrated leaf juice without total flavonoids at 4 ℃ to 85% of saturated concentration, keeping for 3-4 hours, then using a high-speed tubular centrifuge with the centrifugal speed of 16000r/min to recover SOD precipitate separated out by the ammonium sulfate salt, and freeze-drying the recovered SOD precipitate to obtain crude moringa oleifera tender leaf SOD freeze-dried powder 0.155 with the enzyme activity of more than 2000U/mg.

And performing corresponding process extraction on the obtained crude protein powder, crude total flavonoids and crude SOD according to different purity requirements.

The equipment and materials used above are all commercial products.