阅读说明：本技术 一种通过无机发泡整理制备阻燃窗帘的方法 (Method for preparing flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing ) 是由 蔡再生 李晓彦 李明柳 靳凯丽 吴伟江 于 2019-10-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种通过无机发泡整理制备阻燃窗帘的方法,先由阻燃涤纶纤维制得阻燃涤纶织物,再对阻燃涤纶织物进行无机发泡整理后制成阻燃窗帘；阻燃涤纶纤维主要由涤纶纤维基体以及分散在基体中的粒径分布范围为10～40nm的无机阻燃剂a组成,其中,粒径为10～20nm的无机阻燃剂a占无机阻燃剂a总质量的20～40％；发泡整理的过程为：首先采用修饰剂对平均粒径为1～100nm的无机阻燃剂b进行预处理得到改性无机阻燃剂b,然后将主要由改性无机阻燃剂b、发泡剂和溶剂I组成的体系进行发泡得到泡沫,最后将泡沫涂覆在阻燃涤纶织物表面后干燥。本发明的通过无机发泡整理制备阻燃窗帘的方法,简单易行,制得的窗帘阻燃性能较好。(The invention relates to a method for preparing a flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing, which comprises the steps of firstly preparing flame-retardant polyester fabric from flame-retardant polyester fiber, and then carrying out inorganic foaming finishing on the flame-retardant polyester fabric to prepare the flame-retardant curtain; the flame-retardant polyester fiber mainly comprises a polyester fiber matrix and an inorganic flame retardant a with the particle size distribution range of 10-40 nm dispersed in the matrix, wherein the inorganic flame retardant a with the particle size of 10-20 nm accounts for 20-40% of the total mass of the inorganic flame retardant a; the foaming finishing process comprises the following steps: firstly, pretreating an inorganic flame retardant b with the average particle size of 1-100 nm by using a modifier to obtain a modified inorganic flame retardant b, then foaming a system mainly consisting of the modified inorganic flame retardant b, a foaming agent and a solvent I to obtain foam, and finally coating the foam on the surface of the flame-retardant polyester fabric and then drying. The method for preparing the flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing is simple and easy to implement, and the prepared curtain has better flame-retardant performance.)

1. A method for preparing a flame-retardant curtain by inorganic foaming finishing is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, preparing flame-retardant polyester fabric from flame-retardant polyester fiber, and then performing inorganic foaming finishing on the flame-retardant polyester fabric to prepare a curtain, thus obtaining the flame-retardant curtain;

the flame-retardant polyester fiber mainly comprises a polyester fiber matrix and an inorganic flame retardant a dispersed in the polyester fiber matrix, wherein the particle size distribution range of the inorganic flame retardant a is 10-40 nm, and the inorganic flame retardant a with the particle size of 10-20 nm accounts for 20-40% of the total mass of the inorganic flame retardant a;

the foaming finishing process comprises the following steps: firstly, pretreating an inorganic flame retardant b with the average particle size of 1-100 nm by using a modifier to obtain a modified inorganic flame retardant b, wherein the modifier is a compound which can be combined with the inorganic flame retardant b through a hydrogen bond, a covalent bond or a physical adsorption effect and contains an organic group, then foaming a system mainly consisting of the modified inorganic flame retardant b, a foaming agent and a solvent I to obtain foam, and finally, coating the foam on the surface of the flame-retardant polyester fabric and drying;

the inorganic flame retardant a and the inorganic flame retardant b are the same or different.

2. The method for preparing flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing according to claim 1, wherein the flame-retardant curtain has the afterflame time of not more than 1.6s, the smoldering time of not more than 1.8s, the damage length of not more than 88mm and the number of molten drops of 0 according to GB/T5455-1997 textile flammability test vertical method.

3. The method for preparing a flame-retardant window curtain through inorganic foaming finishing according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic flame retardant a and the inorganic flame retardant b are selected from aluminum hydroxide, red phosphorus and zinc borate.

4. The method for preparing the flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing according to claim 1, wherein the mass content of the inorganic flame retardant a in the flame-retardant polyester fiber is 1.5-2.0%; the gram weight of the flame-retardant polyester fabric is 310-320 g/m²The warp density is 145-150 pieces/cm, and the weft density is 35-45 pieces/cm.

5. The method for preparing a flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing according to claim 1, wherein the modifier is a surfactant, an unsaturated organic acid, an organic oligomer or a coupling agent.

6. The method for preparing a flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing according to claim 5, wherein the modifier is span series surfactant, tween series surfactant, stearic acid, sodium stearate, titanate, sodium laurate, lauroyl chloride, silicone oil or polyacrylic acid.

7. The method for preparing the flame-retardant curtain by inorganic foaming finishing according to claim 1, characterized in that the pretreatment process comprises the following steps: firstly dispersing an inorganic flame retardant b in a solvent II to obtain a dispersion liquid, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20-30 min, heating to 60-70 ℃, then adding a modifier into the dispersion liquid to react for 30-90 min with stirring, and finally carrying out post-treatment to obtain the modified inorganic flame retardant b, wherein the mass of the solvent II is 30-80 times that of the inorganic flame retardant b, and the mass of the modifier is 2-6% of that of the inorganic flame retardant b.

8. The method for preparing the flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing according to claim 1, wherein the solvent I is water, and the components and the content thereof in the system are as follows according to mass concentration: 100-150 g/L of modified inorganic flame retardant b, 1.5-5 g/L of foaming agent, 5-10 g/L of hydrophilic softening agent, 2-5 g/L of dispersing agent and the balance of water.

9. The method for preparing the flame-retardant curtain by the inorganic foaming finishing of claim 8, wherein the foaming agent is an anionic surfactant or a mixture of the anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant, the hydrophilic softener is a hydrophilic silicone oil softener or an organic silicone softener, and the dispersing agent is sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; the foaming adopts a stirring mode, and the specific process is as follows: firstly stirring for 1-2 min at a stirring speed of 300-500 r/min, and then stirring at a stirring speed of 1000-1500 r/min until the foaming ratio is 3-4; the viscosity of the foam was 5X 10^-3～20×10^-3Pa·s。

10. The method for preparing the flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing according to claim 1, wherein the coating amount of the surface foam of the flame-retardant polyester fabric is 100-300 g/m²And the drying temperature is 80-150 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of functional curtain fabrics, and relates to a method for preparing a flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing.

Background

Along with the improvement of living standard and the enhancement of fire-fighting consciousness of people, the flame retardant requirement on the textile fabric for home decoration is higher and higher. The flame-retardant textile can delay the expansion of fire and also can lead people to have time to evacuate or take measures to extinguish the fire. Therefore, flame retardant finishing of textiles to prevent the occurrence of fire is of particular importance. The terylene belongs to flammable fibers, the limiting oxygen index is usually 20-22, and therefore flame retardant treatment is needed. Currently, most of flame retardant finishing agents are halogen series and phosphorus series, and the halogen series flame retardant can generate irritant toxic gases such as HCl and HBr in the combustion process, so that the application range of the flame retardant finishing agents is limited; the traditional phosphorus flame retardant has the defects that the fabric feels hard after finishing, the surface of the fabric is easy to yellow and the like. DOPO (9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide) and derivatives thereof are widely applied to flame retardant polyurethane research by scholars in recent years. Document 1 (application of novel DOPO-based reactive type flame retardant in polyurethane [ J ]. plastics, 2013,42(4):82-85.) A novel nitrogen and phosphorus-containing reactive type DOPO flame retardant is prepared by using DOPO, paraformaldehyde and diisopropanolamine, and is applied to rigid polyurethane foam. In addition, document 2 (polyester halogen-free phosphorus flame retardant research progress [ J ] printing and dyeing, 2018.2:49-53.) indicates that DOPO and its derivatives as a halogen-free phosphorus flame retardant can be linked to a polyester molecular chain in a manner of participating in copolymerization to prepare flame-retardant polyester. Patent application CN201410386163.8 discloses a water-absorbing breathable curtain fabric, which can make the prepared polyester filament have flame retardant property through the optimization of the spinning process, but the fabric is plain weave, and the flame retardant property is only given to the fabric in the spinning process, so that the fabric has defects in aesthetic property and shading property, and the shading is used as the basic function of the curtain, and other additional functions can be continuously derived only on the premise of good shading property.

At present, flame retardant fibers are prepared by methods such as grafting and copolymerization of a flame retardant and fiber molecular chains or after-finishing methods such as dipping and padding, the former method is complex in process and affects the strength of fabrics, while the latter method is simple and easy, but consumes a large amount of energy such as water and heat, discharges a large amount of sewage, and wastes the flame retardant to a certain extent. Therefore, a simple finishing method which is energy-saving and emission-reducing and suitable for industrial mass production needs to be developed urgently.

Because of the advantages of low liquid supply, less pollution, high energy saving and the like of the foam finishing (also called foaming finishing) technology, the foam finishing technology is rapidly developed and applied in factories, and at present, the finishing fields related to the foam finishing comprise foam dyeing, foam resin finishing (crease-resistant finishing), foam soft finishing, foam flame-retardant finishing and multifunctional foam finishing.

Document 3 (double-sided different-function foam finishing [ J ] of pure cotton knitted fabric, 2017(12):5-10.) introduces a foam technology to carry out antistatic finishing on polyester fabric, researches the influence of the antistatic agent dosage, the coating thickness, the foaming ratio, the baking temperature and the baking time on the antistatic finishing effect, learns that the antistatic agent has large influence on the finishing effect and has small influence on the coating thickness, then applies a foam method to carry out double-sided different-function finishing on the pure cotton knitted fabric, discusses the influence of process parameters on the water-repellent oil-repellent finishing effect and the ultraviolet-resistant finishing effect, and optimizes the process conditions of the double-sided different-function finishing of the cotton fabric.

Document 4 (application research of foam finishing technology in single-sided waterproof single-sided hydrophilic knitted fabric [ J ]. reports of textile science and engineering, 2019(3) 70-73.) a hydrophilic finishing agent and a water repellent finishing agent are respectively applied to two sides of a fabric by adopting a foam finishing technology, and a better single-sided waterproof single-sided hydrophobic fabric is obtained through process optimization.

Document 5 (cotton fabric aqueous polyurethane foam crease-resistant finishing [ J ] printing and dyeing.2019 (3)27-32.) adopts a foam finishing technology to finish aqueous polyurethane on cotton fabric to obtain cotton fabric with crease-resistant performance, researches the influence of factors such as foam coating thickness, aqueous polyurethane concentration, baking temperature, baking time and the like on crease recovery angle, air permeability and breaking strength of the finished fabric, and optimizes finishing process conditions through orthogonal test design.

In summary, the existing foam finishing is a textile finishing method that mixes chemical pulp (water-soluble) and surfactant, generates a large amount of foam by a mechanical foaming method after charging a large amount of air, and applies the foam to the surface of the textile to improve the added value of the textile. Along with the increasingly outstanding resource and environmental problems, the attention degree of people to the environment increases day by day, and textile printing and dyeing enterprises increase production cost, energy consumption and sewage discharge pressure, and foam arrangement will receive more attention. However, the existing foam finishing technology is only applied to the finishing of organic finishing agents, and is not applied in the inorganic field, so that in order to expand the application field of the foam finishing technology, inorganic particles are required to be introduced.

Organic finishes commonly used for foam finishing are water soluble, and by the addition of blowing agents or surfactants, mechanically produced dense foams, air was applied to the fabric in place of some of the water. The inorganic particles are insoluble in water and play a role in defoaming in an aqueous solution with a foaming agent, and the foam is easy to break, so that the inorganic particles are difficult to be directly applied to fabric foam finishing.

Therefore, the research on the method for preparing the flame-retardant curtain with excellent comprehensive performance by using the inorganic foaming finishing method has very important significance.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem that inorganic particles cannot be directly applied to the foaming finishing of a flame-retardant curtain in the prior art, and provides a method for preparing a flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:

a method for preparing a flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing comprises the steps of preparing flame-retardant polyester fabric from flame-retardant polyester fiber, and then performing inorganic foaming finishing on the flame-retardant polyester fabric to prepare the curtain to obtain the flame-retardant curtain;

the flame-retardant polyester fiber mainly comprises a polyester fiber matrix and an inorganic flame retardant a dispersed in the polyester fiber matrix, wherein the particle size distribution range of the inorganic flame retardant a is 10-40 nm, and the inorganic flame retardant a with the particle size of 10-20 nm accounts for 20-40% of the total mass of the inorganic flame retardant a;

the foaming finishing process comprises the following steps: firstly, pretreating an inorganic flame retardant b with the average particle size of 1-100 nm by using a modifier to obtain a modified inorganic flame retardant b, wherein the modifier is a compound which can be combined with the inorganic flame retardant b through a hydrogen bond, a covalent bond or a physical adsorption effect and contains an organic group, then foaming a system mainly consisting of the modified inorganic flame retardant b, a foaming agent and a solvent I to obtain foam, and finally coating the foam on the surface of the flame-retardant polyester fabric and then drying the foam (the drying can be in a drying or natural air drying mode, and when the foam is coated on the flame-retardant polyester fabric, the modified inorganic flame retardant b is uniformly fixed on the flame-retardant polyester fabric along with the breaking of the foam, so that a good flame-retardant effect can be achieved);

the inorganic flame retardant a and the inorganic flame retardant b are the same or different.

The good flame-retardant effect of the curtain is mainly ensured by the inorganic flame retardant a in the flame-retardant fiber, when the addition amount of the inorganic flame retardant a is unchanged, the inorganic flame retardant a with the same particle size is dispersed in the fiber, so that the gaps among particles are easy to be large, and the inorganic flame retardant a can not completely cover the fiber (when the addition amount is less), so that the flame-retardant efficiency is reduced; or the particles are stacked together (when the addition amount is more), the serious waste of the flame-retardant particles can be caused, the fiber hand feeling is poor, the particles are easy to drop, and the improvement effect on the flame-retardant efficiency is limited. The particle size distribution of the inorganic flame retardant a is controlled in a wider range, so that the inorganic flame retardant a with larger particle size and the inorganic flame retardant a with smaller particle size coexist in the fiber, the inorganic flame retardant a with larger particle size is distributed along the axial direction of the fiber, the inorganic flame retardant a with smaller particle size can be filled between the inorganic flame retardants a with larger particle size, the inorganic flame retardant a can fully occupy the axial direction of the fiber, the inorganic flame retardant a can not be tightly connected, and the inorganic flame retardant a can play a better flame-retardant role under the condition of proper addition. In order to ensure that the inorganic flame retardant a with larger grain diameter and the inorganic flame retardant a with smaller grain diameter can fully play a role in matching, the content of the inorganic flame retardant a with smaller grain diameter is controlled to be 20-40 percent of the total content.

The inorganic foam finishing process of the flame-retardant polyester fabric is obviously different from the organic foam finishing process in the prior art:

(1) the organic finishing agent in the organic foam finishing can be dissolved in water, while the inorganic flame retardant b of the invention is insoluble in water and has defoaming effect, even though foam is generated, the foam is too large and unstable, so that the derivation from the prior art is difficult;

(2) the invention adopts a method for organically modifying the surface of an inorganic flame retardant b, and the modifier is adsorbed on the surface of powder (an aggregate consisting of a plurality of inorganic flame retardants b) through hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds or physical adsorption to form an ordered mixture, so that the surface of the powder is coated with the modifier in a fixed or film-forming manner, even a multilayer coating is formed, and the surface of the inorganic flame retardant b has the property similar to that of a surfactant, so that the inorganic flame retardant b is easy to foam in a solution mixed with a foaming agent, is adhered to the surface of foam, even is coated in the foam, and when the inorganic flame retardant b is coated on a fabric, the inorganic powder is uniformly fixed on the fabric along with the breaking of the foam; the modified powder and the foaming agent are intertwined with the macromolecular chain segment through Van der Waals attractive force to be tightly combined, metastable state foam is continuously generated through mechanical action (stirring or shearing), the foam is soft (0.05-0.5 mm), and a foamed liquid film has certain elasticity (strength) and protection action, so that the foam has certain stability (enough to be conveyed to a fabric).

As a preferred technical scheme:

according to the method for preparing the flame-retardant curtain by inorganic foaming finishing, the afterflame time of the flame-retardant curtain is not more than 1.6s, the smoldering time is not more than 1.8s, the damage length is not more than 88mm and the number of molten drops is 0 according to GB/T5455 and 1997 vertical method for textile flame performance test.

The method for preparing the flame-retardant curtain by inorganic foaming finishing is as described above, and the inorganic flame retardant a and the inorganic flame retardant b are selected from aluminum hydroxide, red phosphorus and zinc borate.

According to the method for preparing the flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing, the mass content of the inorganic flame retardant a in the flame-retardant polyester fiber is 1.5-2.0%; the gram weight of the flame-retardant polyester fabric is 310-320 g/m²The warp density is 145-150 pieces/cm, and the weft density is 35-45 pieces/cm.

In the method for preparing the flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing, the modifier is a surfactant, an unsaturated organic acid, an organic oligomer or a coupling agent.

The method for preparing the flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing is characterized in that a modifier is span series surfactant, tween series surfactant, stearic acid, sodium stearate, titanate, sodium laurate, lauroyl chloride, silicone oil or polyacrylic acid, preferably the modifier is span60, tween80, titanate, sodium stearate or lauroyl chloride, wherein span/tween type surfactant is used as a common safe, stable and nontoxic surfactant, span is the trade name of sorbitan fatty acid ester surfactant and belongs to nonionic surfactant, and different series of products are obtained according to the difference of different fatty acid chains, and comprises span20, span40, span60, span80 and the like; tween is the trade name of polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid vinegar surfactant, is mainly prepared by addition polymerization of span surfactant and ethylene oxide, and has the corresponding products of tween20, tween40, tween60, tween80 and the like; according to the difference of the chain length of fatty acid during synthesis, the hydrophily and the hydrophobicity of the synthesized surfactant are also different, due to the introduction of ethylene oxide, the proportion of hydrophilic groups is improved, and higher hydrophilicity is shown. The surface of the inorganic flame retardant b is modified by selecting a proper modifier to obtain the modified inorganic flame retardant b with the optimal hydrophilic-hydrophobic ratio.

The method for preparing the flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing comprises the following pretreatment processes: firstly dispersing an inorganic flame retardant b in a solvent II to obtain a dispersion liquid, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20-30 min, heating to 60-70 ℃, then adding a modifier into the dispersion liquid to react for 30-90 min with stirring, and finally carrying out post-treatment to obtain a modified inorganic flame retardant b, wherein the mass of the solvent II is 30-80 times that of the inorganic flame retardant b, the mass of the modifier is 2-6% of that of the inorganic flame retardant b, and the modifying effect of the inorganic flame retardant b is not ideal due to insufficient use amount of the modifier; the inorganic flame retardant b can generate agglomeration phenomenon when the dosage of the modifier is too large.

According to the method for preparing the flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing, the solvent I is water, and the components and the content thereof in the system are as follows according to mass concentration: 100-150 g/L of modified inorganic flame retardant b, 1.5-5 g/L of foaming agent, 5-10 g/L of hydrophilic softening agent, 2-5 g/L of dispersing agent and the balance of water.

The method for preparing the flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing is characterized in that the foaming agent is an anionic surfactant or a mixture of the anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant, the hydrophilic softening agent is a hydrophilic silicone oil softening agent BN-481 or an organic silicone softening agent CS-501, and the dispersing agent is Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); the foaming adopts a stirring mode, and the specific process is as follows: firstly, stirring at a stirring speed of 300-500 r/min for 1-2 min (the low-speed stirring is used for preventing liquid from splashing), and then stirring at a stirring speed of 1000-1500 r/min until the foaming ratio is 3-4; the viscosity of the foam was 5X 10^-3～20×10^-3Pa·s；

Wherein, the foaming ratio is also called blowing rate and foaming multiplying power, which is one of the most important characteristic marks of the foam, and the foaming ratio is the ratio of the weight of the stock solution before foaming to the weight of the foam with the same volume after foaming; the method for measuring the foaming ratio comprises the following steps: adopting a direct weighing method, namely, after the plastic cup with known volume and weight is filled with foam, quickly weighing the plastic cup with the foam by using a balance, and calculating to obtain the foaming ratio, wherein the foaming ratio is as follows: when a plastic cup weighs 50g, the weight of the finishing liquid filled in the plastic cup weighs 550g, the weight of the finishing liquid weighs 500g, the weight of the plastic cup filled in the foam weighs 100g, and the weight of the foam weighs 50g, the foaming ratio is (550-50)/(100-50) ═ 500/50 ═ 10.

According to the method for preparing the flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing, the coating amount of the surface foam of the flame-retardant polyester fabric is 100-300 g/m²And the drying temperature is 80-150 ℃.

Has the advantages that:

(1) the method for preparing the flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing is simple and easy to implement, low in cost and wide in application range;

(2) according to the method for preparing the flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing, the inorganic flame retardant b is modified, so that the modifier is adsorbed on the surface of the inorganic flame retardant b to form an ordered mixture, the surface of the inorganic flame retardant b has the property similar to that of a surfactant, the inorganic flame retardant b can be coated on a fabric, the foam finishing of the fabric can be realized, and the formed foam is dense, is easy to wet the fabric and has certain stability;

(3) according to the method for preparing the flame-retardant curtain through inorganic foaming finishing, the particle size distribution of the inorganic flame retardant a is controlled in a wide range, so that the inorganic flame retardant a with larger particle size and the inorganic flame retardant a with smaller particle size coexist in the fiber, and the curtain can be endowed with excellent flame retardant property.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.