阅读说明：本技术 铝合金材质、耐磨件及制备方法和涡旋压缩机 (Aluminum alloy material, wear-resistant part, preparation method and scroll compressor ) 是由 陈晓晓 史正良 李业林 康小丽 于 2019-10-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种铝合金材质、耐磨件及制备方法和涡旋压缩机。该铝合金材质由α-Al基体、初晶硅、共晶硅和强化相组成,所述初晶硅和所述共晶硅都弥散分布在所述α-Al基体中；所述强化相包括抑制剂,所述抑制剂用于抑制所述初晶硅的长大。采用初晶硅和共晶硅均弥散分布在α-Al基体中,组织分布均匀,相比4032材质强度提升了28.9％左右,硬度提升了32.9％左右。(The invention provides aluminum alloy materials, a wear-resistant part, a preparation method and a scroll compressor, wherein the aluminum alloy materials comprise a α -Al matrix, primary crystal silicon, eutectic silicon and a strengthening phase, the primary crystal silicon and the eutectic silicon are all distributed in the α -Al matrix in a dispersion mode, the strengthening phase comprises an inhibitor, the inhibitor is used for inhibiting the growth of the primary crystal silicon, the primary crystal silicon and the eutectic silicon are distributed in the α -Al matrix in a dispersion mode, the structure distribution is uniform, the strength is improved by about 28.9% compared with the 4032 material, and the hardness is improved by about 32.9%.)

The aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising a α -Al matrix, primary crystal silicon, eutectic silicon and a strengthening phase, wherein the primary crystal silicon and the eutectic silicon are distributed in the α -Al matrix in a dispersing mode, and the strengthening phase comprises an inhibitor which is used for inhibiting growth of the primary crystal silicon.

2. The aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein the primary silicon and the eutectic silicon are both in the form of particles.

3. The aluminum alloy material according to claim 2, wherein the particles have a particle size of more than 0 μm and not more than 10 μm.

4. The aluminum alloy material of claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein the inhibitor comprises Al5 FeSi.

5. The aluminum alloy material as recited in claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy material is composed of the following elements in mass fraction: 5-25% of silicon, 0.8-4.5% of copper, 0.5-1.5% of magnesium, 2-7% of iron, 0-0.5% of nickel, 2-4% of manganese and the balance of aluminum.

6. The aluminum alloy material as recited in claim 5, wherein the aluminum alloy material comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 8-20% of silicon, 3-5% of copper, 1% of magnesium, 5% of iron, 3% of manganese and the balance of aluminum.

7, wear-resistant member, characterized in that the friction layer or body of the wear-resistant member is made of the aluminum alloy material according to any of claims 1-6 and .

8. A wear part in accordance with claim 7, characterized in that the wear part is a scroll, an Oldham ring, a piston, a slide or a roller.

9, a method of manufacturing a wear part as claimed in claim 7 or 8, characterized in that it comprises obtaining a deposited blank by means of a spray forming process;

in the injection molding procedure, the melt temperature is 720-850 ℃, the diameter of the liquid guide pipe is 2-5mm, the upper atomization pressure is 0.5-3MPa, the lower atomization pressure is 0.7-3.5MPa, and the deposition distance is 200-800 mm; the inclination angle of the deposition disc is 25-60 degrees, the diameter of the deposition disc is 100-300mm, the rotation angle is 45-80 degrees, the downward moving speed is 0.2-1mm/s, the horizontal speed is 0.1-0.5mm/s, and the eccentricity is 20-100 mm.

10. The method of manufacturing according to claim 9, further comprising: the deposition blank is densified through a hot extrusion process; in the hot extrusion process, the extrusion temperature is 300-500 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 1-3 mm/s; keeping the pressure for 5-40min at 100-500 MPa.

11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the hot extrusion process comprises the steps of forging at 200-500 deg.C, preheating at 200-400 deg.C, and extruding at 8-16 deg.C.

A scroll compressor of , comprising an aluminium alloy as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 to or a wear part as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 8 to .

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of scroll compressors, and particularly relates to aluminum alloy materials, wear-resistant parts, a preparation method of the wear-resistant parts and a scroll compressor.

Background

The new energy automobile air conditioner is required to be small in size and light in weight and can work under severe working conditions, and the scroll compressor has the advantages of high efficiency, small size, light weight, low noise, small overall vibration, good low-temperature performance, high efficiency, energy conservation and the like due to the performance of the scroll compressor, has obvious advantages in the application of the new energy automobile air conditioner, and is increasingly applied.

When the eccentric shaft drives the center of the movable scroll to make circular orbit motion around the center of the fixed scroll, the enclosed volume chambers are correspondingly enlarged or reduced, thereby realizing the purposes of gas suction, compression and exhaust.

The material of the existing scroll plate is basically ADC12 die-casting aluminum alloy or 4032 deformed aluminum alloy, the scroll plate made of ADC12 is formed by a die-casting process, the distribution of microstructures is uneven, and because ADC12 has a large suction tendency, the formed part is not compact, and the hardness and the strength are very low, the strength and the hardness cannot be improved by a heat treatment mode.

The number of new energy vehicles applied in the north increases year by year, but the traditional R134a refrigerant has insufficient low-temperature heating performance, and needs to adopt a refrigerant with a lower boiling point, such as R407C or R410A or CO₂For example, since the refrigerant pressure is much higher than that of R134a, the material of the scroll (ADC12, 4032) is obviously not satisfactory, and it is therefore necessary to develop types of scroll material suitable for high-pressure refrigerant.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide aluminum alloy materials, wear-resistant parts, a preparation method and a scroll compressor, and the strength and hardness of the aluminum alloy materials can be improved.

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides aluminum alloy materials, which comprise a α -Al matrix, primary crystal silicon, eutectic silicon and a strengthening phase, wherein the primary crystal silicon and the eutectic silicon are dispersed and distributed in the α -Al matrix, and the strengthening phase comprises an inhibitor for inhibiting the growth of the primary crystal silicon.

Preferably, the primary silicon and the eutectic silicon are both granular.

Preferably, the particle size of the particles is greater than 0 μm and not greater than 10 μm.

Preferably, the inhibitor comprises Al5 FeSi.

Preferably, the aluminum alloy material is composed of the following elements in percentage by mass: 5-25% of silicon, 0.8-4.5% of copper, 0.5-1.5% of magnesium, 2-7% of iron, 0-0.5% of nickel, 2-4% of manganese and the balance of aluminum.

Preferably, the mass fractions of the elements in the aluminum alloy material are as follows: 8-20% of silicon, 3-5% of copper, 1% of magnesium, 5% of iron, 3% of manganese and the balance of aluminum.

According to another aspect of the invention, wear-resistant pieces are provided, and the friction layer or the body of each wear-resistant piece is made of the aluminum alloy material.

Preferably, the wear part is a scroll, a oldham ring, a piston, a slide or a roller.

According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided methods of making a wear part as described above, the method comprising obtaining a deposited blank using a spray forming process;

in the injection molding procedure, the melt temperature is 720-850 ℃, the diameter of the liquid guide pipe is 2-5mm, the upper atomization pressure is 0.5-3MPa, the lower atomization pressure is 0.7-3.5MPa, and the deposition distance is 200-800 mm; the inclination angle of the deposition disc is 25-60 degrees, the diameter of the deposition disc is 100-300mm, the rotation angle is 45-80 degrees, the downward moving speed is 0.2-1mm/s, the horizontal speed is 0.1-0.5mm/s, and the eccentricity is 20-100 mm.

Preferably, the preparation method further comprises: the deposition blank is densified through a hot extrusion process; in the hot extrusion process, the extrusion temperature is 300-500 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 1-3 mm/s; keeping the pressure for 5-40min at 100-500 MPa.

Preferably, in the hot extrusion process, the initial forging temperature is 200-500 ℃, the mold preheating temperature is 200-400 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 8-16.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a scroll compressor including an aluminum alloy material as described above or wear parts as described above.

The aluminum alloy materials provided by the invention comprise a α -Al matrix, primary crystal silicon, eutectic silicon and a strengthening phase, wherein the primary crystal silicon and the eutectic silicon are dispersed and distributed in the α -Al matrix, the strengthening phase comprises an inhibitor, and the inhibitor is used for inhibiting the growth of the primary crystal silicon.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a scroll compressor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an external view of a movable scroll according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a fiber texture map of the scroll material of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an oxide layer on the surface of a scroll plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 shows an oxide layer on a surface of a conventional 4032 material;

FIG. 6 is an external view of a Oldham ring according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an external view of a piston according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an external view of a slider according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 9 is an external view of a roller according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The reference numerals are represented as:

1. a housing upper cover; 2. a fixed scroll; 3. a compression chamber; 4. a movable scroll; 5. a lower cover of the housing; 6. an upper bracket; 7. a crankshaft.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1 to 9 in combination, according to an embodiment of the present invention, aluminum alloy materials are composed of a α -Al matrix, primary crystal silicon, eutectic silicon and a strengthening phase, the primary crystal silicon and the eutectic silicon are distributed in the α -Al matrix in a dispersed manner, and the strengthening phase includes an inhibitor for inhibiting growth of the primary crystal silicon.

The aluminum alloy material is an isometric crystal structure, stress concentration is effectively eliminated by primary crystal silicon without obvious sharp corners on the primary crystal silicon phase, the resistance of crack source initiation is large, the crack propagation rate is slow, and therefore the wear-resistant performance is excellent, and the mechanical performance is better. During the aging process, a large amount of fine high-hardness eutectic silicon is separated out from the matrix, and a good precipitation strengthening effect is achieved on the material.

Wherein the primary crystal silicon and the eutectic silicon are both granular, and especially the grain diameter of the granules is more than 0 μm and not more than 10 μm.

The inhibitor comprises Al5FeSi, and a stable iron-rich phase can be formed after the Fe element is added, is attached to the periphery of primary crystal silicon to block and divide a diffusion channel of Si atoms, so that the high-temperature coarsening capability of the aluminum alloy matrix and the primary crystal silicon is reduced.

When the friction material is matched with a friction material subjected to surface treatment, round and blunt primary silicon corners distributed on an α -Al matrix in a dispersion manner are round, the ploughing effect on friction pieces subjected to surface treatment is small, the friction mechanism is an ideal friction material with a large number of fine high-hardness second phase particles distributed on a soft aluminum matrix, pits are generated after the soft matrix is worn in the friction and wear process to play a role in oil storage, the protruding hard points play a role in supporting and wear resistance, and the friction resistance is relatively reduced even in an oil-deficient or rare state.

The aluminum alloy material is composed of the following elements in percentage by mass: 5-25% of silicon, 0.8-4.5% of copper, 0.5-1.5% of magnesium, 2-7% of iron, 0-0.5% of nickel, 2-4% of manganese and the balance of aluminum. Preferably, the mass fractions of the elements in the aluminum alloy material are as follows: 8-20% of silicon, 3-5% of copper, 1% of magnesium, 5% of iron, 3% of manganese and the balance of aluminum.

Through a large number of experiments, when w (Si) is more than 25%, the Si content is continuously increased, and the alloy strength is reduced; when w (Si) is less than 25 percent, the content of Si is continuously increased, and the alloy strength is increased; when w (Si) is less than 30%, the Si content is continuously increased, and the wear resistance of the alloy is increased along with the increase of the silicon content; when w (Si) > 30%, continuing to increase the Si content, the wear resistance of the alloy decreases with increasing silicon content; in combination with the strength and wear resistance of the parts made of the aluminum alloy material, the Si content is preferably less than 25%, preferably 5-25%.

According to the embodiment of the invention, wear-resistant pieces are made of the aluminum alloy material, and the application mode comprises coating the aluminum alloy material layer on other base materials to improve the wear-resistant performance, or directly using the aluminum alloy material to make the whole wear-resistant piece.

When the aluminum alloy material is used for manufacturing a wear-resistant part, Al-50Si, Al-20Fe, Al-40Cu and Al-10Mn are selected as raw materials of Si, Fe, Cu and Mn elements in alloy components to be added, and Mg with a low melting point is added in a simple substance form. The manufacturing process adopts a spray forming procedure to obtain a deposition blank; in the injection molding process, the melt temperature is 720-; the inclination angle of the deposition disc is 25-60 degrees, the diameter of the deposition disc is 100-300mm, the rotation angle is 45-80 degrees, the downward moving speed is 0.2-1mm/s, the horizontal speed is 0.1-0.5mm/s, and the eccentricity is 20-100 mm.

Although the density of the sprayed deposition blank is high, theoretically, the density can reach more than 98%, in the process of atomizing the melt to reach the deposition substrate, droplets with the critical size smaller than are solidified into solid particles, the larger size of the droplets is still liquid, and droplets with the middle size are semi-solidified particles containing proportion of liquid phase.

In order to eliminate holes in the spray deposition blank and improve the density of the spray deposition blank, the deposition blank is subjected to an extrusion treatment process to reduce and eliminate the holes. The preparation method also comprises the following steps: the deposition blank is densified through a hot extrusion process; in the hot extrusion process, the extrusion temperature is 300-; keeping the pressure for 5-40min at 100-500 MPa. Preferably, in the hot extrusion process, the initial forging temperature is 200-500 ℃, the mold preheating temperature is 200-400 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 8-16.

In order to realize the strengthening effect of solid solution aging on the spray-formed high-silicon aluminum alloy after densification treatment, various second phase particles in the alloy should be ensured to be dissolved into a matrix to the greatest extent in the process of solid solution treatment, and simultaneously, the phenomenon that the alloy structure is coarsened due to overhigh solid solution temperature is prevented. Especially, the granular primary crystal silicon phase in the alloy can cause the obvious growth of the primary crystal silicon after long-time heat preservation at the temperature of more than 400 ℃, and in addition, the recrystallization of the alloy is strictly controlled to avoid the phenomenon of overburning the material. During aging, alloy elements in the supersaturated solid solution obtained by solution quenching can be fully precipitated.

The high-silicon aluminum alloy blank is subjected to solution treatment at 400-550 ℃ for 1-3 hours and artificial aging at 200 ℃ for 7 hours.