阅读说明：本技术 一种植物油饼粕的利用方法 (Utilization method of vegetable oil cake meal ) 是由 邹学满 邹凌 邹远飞 于 2019-07-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种植物油饼粕的利用方法,包括以下步骤：步骤(1)：将饼粕研磨加水成浆状物,加入蛋白酶,得到酶解产物,过滤后得到滤液和滤渣；步骤(2)：将滤渣加入水、纤维素酶和/或半纤维素酶进行酶解,得到酶解液,再经灭菌处理得到灭菌处理液,再将灭菌处理液作为微生物发酵的有机碳源加入可分泌水解纤维素或半纤维素酶蛋白质的微生物菌种进行发酵,得到微生物发酵液。本发明能够完全的利用植物油饼粕,将含有毒素和抗营养因子的棉籽饼粕、菜籽饼粕、蓖麻饼粕、胡麻饼粕、油茶籽饼粕、枹桐籽饼粕等饼粕,经过一系列步骤,将植物油饼粕中的蛋白质以及纤维素转化、制备得到蛋白质产品或者氨基酸产品,可用作动物饲料。(The invention discloses a utilization method of vegetable oil cake meal, which comprises the following steps: step (1): grinding the cake, adding water to form slurry, adding protease to obtain an enzymolysis product, and filtering to obtain a filtrate and filter residue; step (2): adding water, cellulase and/or hemicellulase into filter residue for enzymolysis to obtain enzymolysis liquid, sterilizing to obtain sterilized liquid, and adding microorganism strain capable of secreting hydrolysis cellulose or hemicellulase protein into the sterilized liquid as organic carbon source for microorganism fermentation to obtain microorganism fermentation liquid. The invention can completely utilize the vegetable oil cake, and converts the protein and cellulose in the vegetable oil cake to prepare the protein product or amino acid product through a series of steps on the cakes such as cottonseed cake, rapeseed cake, castor cake, flax cake, camellia seed cake and oakenia seed cake containing toxin and anti-nutritional factors, and can be used as animal feed.)

1. A utilization method of vegetable oil cake dregs is characterized by comprising the following steps:

Step (1): grinding the cake, adding water to form slurry, adding protease to obtain an enzymolysis product, and filtering to obtain a filtrate and filter residue;

Step (2): adding water, cellulase and/or hemicellulase into filter residue for enzymolysis to obtain enzymolysis liquid, sterilizing to obtain sterilized liquid, and adding microbial strain capable of secreting enzyme protein capable of hydrolyzing cellulose or hemicellulose into the sterilized liquid as organic carbon source for microbial fermentation to obtain microbial fermentation liquid.

2. The utilization method of the plant oil cake meal according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), cellulase is firstly added for enzymolysis to obtain cellulase enzymolysis liquid, and hemicellulase is then added for enzymolysis to obtain mixed enzymolysis liquid of the cellulase enzymolysis liquid and the hemicellulase enzymolysis liquid; the temperature required by enzymolysis is 40-50 ℃ and the time is 1-3 hours.

3. The method of utilizing plant oil cake as claimed in claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of cellulase to hemicellulase is (1-5): (1-5).

4. the method for utilizing the plant oil cake pulp according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the temperature range of enzymolysis is 38-43 ℃ and the time is 1-6 hours; in the step (1), the filtrate passes through a cation resin exchange column, the cation resin exchange column is eluted by ammonia water, and the eluent is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a concentrated solution containing amino acid; or, in the step (1), the filtrate is subjected to spray drying to obtain the amino acid product.

5. The utilization method of the plant oil cake pulp as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), protease is added into the microbial fermentation liquor, protein in microbial mycelium is hydrolyzed, then the protein passes through a cation resin exchange column, the cation resin exchange column is eluted by ammonia water, and then the eluate is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain amino acid-containing concentrated solution; or, in the step (2), the protein product is obtained by spray drying the microbial fermentation liquor.

6. The method for utilizing the vegetable oil cake pulp as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein the ammonia water is 0.5-1.2 mol/L.

7. The method for utilizing the plant oil cake as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cake comprises one or more of cottonseed cake, rapeseed cake, castor cake, sesame cake, camellia seed cake and oarthia seed cake.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the microbial species include but are not limited to one or more of geotrichum candidum, candida, trichoderma, shiitake and mushroom; preferably, the microbial strains comprise one or two of geotrichum candidum and candida.

9. The method for utilizing the plant oil cake pulp according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the fermentation temperature is 30-35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 20-40 hours; preferably, the fermentation time is 25-32 hours.

10. The method for utilizing the plant oil cake pulp according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), a nitrogen source is added into the sterilization treatment solution before fermentation; the nitrogen source comprises inorganic ammonium salt; the inorganic ammonium salt comprises ammonium bicarbonate and/or urea.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of microbial fermentation and resource regeneration, in particular to a utilization method of plant oil cakes.

Background

The protein feed refers to beans, vegetable oil cakes and the like with natural water content of less than 45%, crude fiber of dry matter of less than 18% and crude protein content of 20% or more in dry matter. Protein feeds can be classified into four major types, i.e., vegetable protein feeds, animal protein feeds, single-cell protein feeds, and non-protein ammonia feeds, according to the source. The plant protein feed comprises cakes, leguminous seeds, starch industrial byproducts and the like, wherein the cakes are mainly used in the compound feed in China, and the plant protein is a main source of the protein feed in China, so that the plant protein feed has the advantages of multiple varieties, wide source, low price and the like. How to strengthen the reasonable development and utilization of the existing plant protein feed resources is an important research content. Except soybean meal, peanut meal and sunflower meal, other vegetable oil cakes contain different types of toxins and anti-nutritional factors, the use of protein feed is severely restricted, and the total amount of dry and solid substances reaches more than ten million tons.

Although there are many researches on how to remove cake toxins and improve the utilization rate of cake proteins, the processes are complicated, the utilization rate maximization cannot be realized, and many proteins cannot be utilized. For example, patent publication No. CN101897383A discloses a method for removing toxic substances from cotton and rapeseed meal and improving nutritive value by fermentation, which is based on the principle that the content of harmful components can be reduced by mixing cotton and rapeseed meal to make them complementary and diluting effect. By reducing cellulose, amino acid digestibility is improved. However, the preparation method has the following disadvantages: 1. the complementarity can be realized only by mixing the cottonseed meal and the rapeseed meal, and the method is not suitable for other cakes; 2. in the method, the fermentation of the microorganisms utilizes the protein of the cake, so that the waste of the protein of the cake is large.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a utilization method of vegetable oil cake dregs, which can effectively and comprehensively utilize the vegetable oil cake dregs containing toxin and anti-nutritional factors to process and obtain amino acid or protein products, wherein cellulose, toxic substances and anti-nutritional factors are also completely utilized.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a utilization method of vegetable oil cake meal comprises the following steps:

Step (1): grinding the cake, adding water to form slurry, adding protease to obtain an enzymolysis product, and filtering to obtain a filtrate and filter residue;

Step (2): adding water, cellulase and/or hemicellulase into filter residue for enzymolysis to obtain enzymolysis liquid, sterilizing to obtain sterilized liquid, and adding microbial strain capable of secreting enzyme protein capable of hydrolyzing cellulose or hemicellulose into the sterilized liquid as organic carbon source for microbial fermentation to obtain microbial fermentation liquid.

The cake is firstly subjected to enzymolysis by protease, and the mixture of the amino acid and the peptide substance is water-soluble substance, so that the mixture of the amino acid and the peptide substance exists in the filtrate after filtration. The method can realize extraction of more than 95% of protein content in the cake. The residual protein, cellulose, hemicellulose and toxic substances or anti-nutritional factors exist in the filter residue, the filter residue is soaked in water, cellulase and/or hemicellulase are added for enzymolysis, and then the treatment solution is used as an organic carbon source for microbial fermentation and added with microbial strains for fermentation. Toxic substances and anti-nutritional factors in the cakes are used as organic carbon sources for microbial culture and are completely absorbed and utilized by microbes, and then cell proteins of the microbes are directly used as protein supply sources, so that the protein sources are greatly enriched, and subsequently prepared feed products can be effectively absorbed by the animals.

Preferably, in the step (2), cellulase is firstly added for enzymolysis to obtain cellulase enzymolysis liquid, and hemicellulase is then added for enzymolysis to obtain mixed enzymolysis liquid of the cellulase enzymolysis liquid and the hemicellulase enzymolysis liquid. The weight ratio of the cellulase to the hemicellulase is (1-5): (1-5); the temperature required by enzymolysis is 40-50 ℃ and the time is 1-3 hours.

In the step (1), the temperature range of enzymolysis is 38-43 ℃, and the time is 1-6 hours;

By another approach, the filtrate in step (1) can be utilized, in particular: in the step (1), the filtrate passes through a cation resin exchange column, the cation resin exchange column is eluted by ammonia water, and the eluent is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a concentrated solution containing amino acid; or, in the step (1), the filtrate is subjected to spray drying to obtain the amino acid product. Through this step, can accomplish the comprehensive utilization of vegetable oil cake dregs: carrying out enzymolysis on protein in the cake, separating and purifying to obtain an amino acid product; the organic carbon source required by the fermentation of microbial strains is obtained after the fibers in the cakes are subjected to enzymolysis, and the fermentation of the microorganisms can be completed only by adding a certain amount of inorganic nitrogen source (the nitrogen source can be added before the fermentation, can also be added in the fermentation process, and can also be added in batches in two time periods), so that the microbial fermentation liquor (a large amount of protein exists in the microbial fermentation liquor and can be directly used as a protein supply source) is obtained. Therefore, compared with the traditional cake processing method, the cake can be deeply and comprehensively utilized, and the method is efficient and environment-friendly.

In the step (2), adding protease into the microbial fermentation liquor of the microbial fermentation liquor, hydrolyzing proteins in microbial mycelia, passing through a cation resin exchange column, eluting the cation resin exchange column with ammonia water, and concentrating the eluent under reduced pressure to obtain a concentrated solution containing amino acid; or, in the step (2), the protein product is obtained by spray drying the microbial fermentation liquor.

The concentration of ammonia water eluted by the cation resin exchange column is 0.5-1.2 mol/L.

The cake comprises one or more of cottonseed cake, rapeseed cake, castor cake, sesame cake, camellia seed cake, and linkage wood seed cake. Or other cake for squeezing vegetable oil. The cakes contain a large amount of protein, cellulose and toxic substances, cannot be directly eaten by animals, and can be used as an organic carbon source required by the growth of microorganisms to provide microbial fermentation.

The microbial strains include but are not limited to one or more of geotrichum candidum, candida, trichoderma, shiitake and mushroom; the strain can secrete enzyme protein for hydrolyzing cellulose and hemicellulose.

Preferably, the microbial strains comprise one or two of geotrichum candidum and candida.

In the step (2), the fermentation temperature is 30-35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 20-40 hours;

Preferably, the fermentation time is 25-32 hours.

In the step (2), adding a nitrogen source into the sterilization treatment solution before fermentation; the nitrogen source comprises inorganic ammonium salt; the inorganic ammonium salt comprises ammonium bicarbonate and/or urea.

the amino acid-containing concentrated solution obtained by the utilization method of the vegetable oil cake meal is applied to preparing amino acid-containing animal feed.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

The invention utilizes protein and cellulose in vegetable oil cake dregs containing toxin completely through two ways of a set of process, can prepare amino acid products or protein products (the products do not contain toxin), and can further produce animal feed. The method has the advantages of simple process, loose process conditions and almost no waste discharge, is suitable for equipment of microbial fermentation plants at the present stage, and can be popularized quickly.

Detailed Description

The following examples are provided to further illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but the technical solutions of the present invention are not limited by the following examples.

The protein content test method adopts a Kjeldahl method in GB 5009.5-2010.

The following experiments are laboratory experiments, and the used amount of protease, cellulase and the like is high, but the proportion used in actual production is reduced. However, other temperatures and times may be adjusted within ranges to scale up to actual production conditions.