阅读说明：本技术 基于三维多孔过渡金属碳化物Ti3C2MXene复合纳米结构及其通用制备方法 (Based on three-dimensional porous transition metal carbide Ti3C2MXene composite nano structure and general preparation method thereof ) 是由 王治宇 修陆洋 邱介山 于 2019-10-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种基于三维多孔过渡金属碳化物Ti_3C_2 MXene复合纳米结构及其通用制备方法,属于纳米材料领域。该三维复合结构由三维多孔MXene负载无机纳米结构组成,具有蜂窝状分级多孔结构,将二维的过渡金属碳化物和金属有机骨架化合物前驱体,在惰性或反应性气氛下经高温热解或化学反应制备尺寸可控的复合纳米结构。本发明抑制了MXene自身的堆叠,增大了其活性表面积、孔隙率与离子透过性,使其表界面得到高效利用,同时金属有机骨架化合物的引入实现了三维多孔MXene与无机纳米材料的均匀稳定复合,解决了困扰无机纳米材料性能发挥与应用的基础性难题,在催化、能源、光电、空间技术、军工等领域具有广泛的应用前景。(Three-dimensional porous transition metal carbide-based Ti 3 C 2 MXene composite nano structure and its general preparation method, belonging to the field of nano material. The three-dimensional composite structure is composed of a three-dimensional porous MXene loaded inorganic nano structure and has a honeycomb hierarchical porous structure, and the two-dimensional transition metal carbide and a metal organic framework compound precursor are subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis or chemical reaction in an inert or reactive atmosphere to prepare the composite nano structure with controllable size. The invention inhibits the self-stacking of MXene, increases the active surface area, porosity and ion permeability of MXene, efficiently utilizes the surface interface of MXene and simultaneously realizes the metal organic reactionThe introduction of the framework compound realizes the uniform and stable compounding of the three-dimensional porous MXene and the inorganic nano material, solves the fundamental problems which disturb the performance exertion and the application of the inorganic nano material, and has wide application prospect in the fields of catalysis, energy, photoelectricity, space technology, military industry and the like.)

1. Three-dimensional porous transition metal carbide-based Ti₃C₂The general synthesis method of the MXene composite nanostructure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) the concentration is 0.5-20mg mL^-1Ti of (A)₃C₂Ultrasonic dispersing MXene solution and metal organic framework compound for 10-60min to obtain precursor solutionLiquid; metal organic framework compound and Ti₃C₂MXene in the weight ratio of 0.01-100;

(2) atomizing the precursor solution obtained in the step (1) into aerosol micro-droplets by using an ultrasonic atomizer; using inert gas as carrier gas, blowing the obtained aerosol micro-droplets into a high-temperature furnace with preset temperature, and quickly drying to obtain three-dimensional Ti₃C₂MXene coats the metal organic framework compound nanoparticles; wherein the preset temperature of the high-temperature furnace is 300-800 ℃, and the high-temperature pyrolysis time is 1-6 h;

(3) under the atmosphere of reactive gas and inert gas, the three-dimensional Ti obtained in the step (2) is treated₃C₂Placing MXene-coated metal organic framework compound nanoparticles in a high-temperature furnace for calcination treatment at the temperature of 300-800 ℃ for 1-6h to obtain three-dimensional porous Ti₃C₂Nanoparticles of an MXene complex metal compound; the volume ratio of the reactive gas to the inert gas is 0.1-10, and the flow rate of the carrier gas is 0.1-5.0L h^-1。

2. Three-dimensional porous transition metal carbide-based Ti₃C₂The general synthesis method of the MXene composite nanostructure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) the concentration is 0.5-20mg mL^-1Ti of (A)₃C₂Ultrasonically dispersing the MXene solution and a metal organic framework compound for 10-60min to obtain a precursor solution; wherein, Ti₃C₂The solvent of the MXene solution is at least one of water or alcohol containing 1-11 carbon atoms; the metal organic framework compound is at least one of compounds containing cobalt, iron and nickel; metal organic framework compound and Ti₃C₂MXene in the weight ratio of 0.01-100;

(2) atomizing the precursor solution obtained in the step (1) into aerosol micro-droplets by using an ultrasonic atomizer; taking inert gas as carrier gas, blowing aerosol micro-droplets into a high-temperature furnace with preset temperature, and quickly drying to obtain three-dimensional Ti₃C₂MXene coats the metal organic framework compound nanoparticles; wherein the preset temperature of the high-temperature furnace is 300-8 DEG CThe high-temperature pyrolysis time is 1-6h at 00 ℃;

(3) subjecting the three-dimensional Ti obtained in the step (2)₃C₂Respectively placing MXene-coated metal organic framework compound nanoparticles in iron, cobalt and nickel metal salt solutions, reacting at normal temperature for 1-5h to obtain three-dimensional porous Ti, wherein the solvent is a mixed solvent of alcohol containing 1-11 carbon atoms and water₃C₂MXene compounds nano-structured particles corresponding to metal hydroxides of iron, cobalt and nickel.

3. A three-dimensional porous transition metal carbide-based Ti according to claim 1 or 2₃C₂The general synthesis method of the MXene composite nano structure is characterized in that the Ti is₃C₂The solvent of MXene solution is at least one of water and alcohol containing 1-11 carbon atoms.

4. A three-dimensional porous transition metal carbide-based Ti according to claim 1 or 2₃C₂The general synthesis method of the MXene composite nanostructure is characterized in that the metal organic framework compound is at least one of compounds containing cobalt, iron and nickel.

5. A three-dimensional porous transition metal carbide-based Ti according to claim 1 or 2₃C₂The general synthesis method of the MXene composite nanostructure is characterized in that the inert gas is at least one of nitrogen, argon or helium, and the flow rate of the carrier gas is 0.1-5.0L h^-1。

6. Three-dimensional porous transition metal carbide-based Ti prepared by the general preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5₃C₂The MXene composite nano structure is characterized in that the composite nano structure is composed of three-dimensional porous MXene loaded inorganic nano materials, the size is 0.2-50 mu m, the composite nano structure is internally provided with abundant mutually communicated porous structures, the pore structures are uniform and stable, and the size of the composite nano structure can be changed by changing the size of a metal organic framework compoundThe size of the partial aperture; the loading amount of the nanostructure loaded on the three-dimensional porous MXene is 5-70 wt.%, and the composite nanostructure comprises one or more than two of metal phosphide, metal sulfide and metal hydroxide, wherein the metal comprises cobalt, iron and nickel.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of nano materials, and relates to a three-dimensional-based nano materialPorous transition metal carbide Ti₃C₂MXene composite nano-structure and general preparation method thereof.

Background

Due to the unique size effect, the nano material has physical and chemical properties far superior to those of a macroscopic material, so that the nano material is widely concerned in various fields. The excellent physical and chemical properties of the functional nano material mainly come from the nanometer composition, the crystal phase structure and the size effect, the microstructure of the functional nano material is finely regulated, and the realization of the controllable design of the composition structure on the nanometer scale becomes a hot point of the scientific research of the nano material in recent years.

On one hand, the nano material brings excellent physical and chemical properties due to the size effect, and on the other hand, after the nano material is subjected to nanocrystallization, serious agglomeration and stacking are easily caused due to extremely high surface free energy of the surface, so that the wide application of the nano material in actual production and processing is greatly influenced. The problem of stacking and agglomeration of the nano material is solved, and the method has important significance for realizing industrial application of the nano material.

MXene is a novel nano material composed of transition metal carbide or nitride and having a two-dimensional sheet structure, and is obtained by acid etching of a MAX phase of a layered ceramic material. Having the chemical formula M_n+1X_n(n is 1, 2, 3, M is a transition metal element, and X is carbon or nitrogen). Wherein Ti₃C₂MXene has excellent conductivity and electrochemical reaction activity, and can be used as a matrix material to realize uniform and stable loading on other nano materials, so that a novel high-performance nano composite material is constructed. However, as a two-dimensional nano material, MXene itself is irreversibly stacked due to van der waals force, which greatly limits uniform growth and recombination of inorganic nano materials at the surface interface thereof, and limits efficient application of the surface interface thereof. The inhibition of the self-stacking of MXene to realize the uniform and stable loading of the nano material on the surface interface of the nano material has great significance for realizing the wide application of MXene in the field of nano composite materials.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a composite nano structure based on three-dimensional porous transition metal carbide and a general purpose thereofPreparation method, and the prepared product is prepared from two-dimensional Ti₃C₂The MXene three-dimensional porous structure can uniformly and stably load different inorganic substance nano structures, overcomes the problems of agglomeration of inorganic nano material particles, poor conductivity and stacking of two-dimensional MXene, greatly improves the specific surface area and pore structure of MXene, efficiently utilizes the surface interface of the nano material, and solves the fundamental problem which puzzles performance and application of the inorganic nano material. The synthesis method is environment-friendly, low in energy consumption, easy to control and universal, can be used for large-scale production, and has important significance for realizing the wide application of MXene in the field of nano composite materials.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

three-dimensional porous transition metal carbide-based Ti₃C₂MXene composite nanostructure, the three-dimensional porous Ti₃C₂The MXene composite nano structure has a honeycomb hierarchical porous structure, the size is 0.2-50 μm, and the internal pore diameter of the MXene composite nano structure can be adjusted by changing the size of the metal organic framework compound template; the loading capacity of the loaded nano structure on the three-dimensional porous MXene is adjustable, the loading capacity is between 5 and 70 wt.%, and the size is about several nanometers to tens of nanometers; the composite nano structure comprises one or more than two of metal phosphide, metal sulfide and metal hydroxide, wherein the metal comprises cobalt, iron and nickel. Three-dimensional porous Ti can be obtained by calcination treatment in reactive gas and protective gas₃C₂Nanoparticles of MXene composite metal sulfide and phosphide or preparation of three-dimensional porous Ti through ion exchange reaction with corresponding metal salt solution₃C₂Nanoparticles of MXene composite metal hydroxide.

Three-dimensional porous transition metal carbide-based Ti₃C₂The general synthesis method of the MXene composite nanostructure comprises the following three schemes, wherein the steps of each scheme are as follows:

the first scheme is as follows:

(1) the concentration is 0.5-20mg mL^-1Ti of (A)₃C₂And ultrasonically dispersing the MXene solution and the metal organic framework compound for 10-60min to obtain a precursor solution. Wherein, Ti₃C₂The solvent of the MXene solution is at least one of water or alcohol containing 1-11 carbon atoms; the metal organic framework compound is at least one of compounds containing cobalt, iron and nickel; metal organic framework compound and Ti₃C₂MXene in the weight ratio of 0.01-100.

(2) And (3) atomizing the precursor solution obtained in the step (1) into aerosol micro-droplets with the size of about several microns by using an ultrasonic atomizer. Using inert gas as carrier gas, blowing the obtained aerosol micro-droplets into a high-temperature furnace with preset temperature, and quickly drying after high-temperature pyrolysis to obtain three-dimensional Ti₃C₂MXene coats the metal organic framework compound nanoparticles. Wherein the preset temperature of the high-temperature furnace is 300-800 ℃, and the high-temperature pyrolysis time is 1-6 h; the inert gas is at least one of nitrogen, argon or helium, and the flow rate of the carrier gas is 0.1-5.0L h^-1。

(3) Under the atmosphere of reactive gas and inert gas, the three-dimensional Ti obtained in the step (2) is treated₃C₂Placing MXene-coated metal organic framework compound nanoparticles in a high-temperature furnace for calcination treatment at the temperature of 300-800 ℃ for 1-6h to obtain three-dimensional porous Ti₃C₂Nanoparticles of MXene complex metal compounds. The reactive gas is hydrogen sulfide gas or phosphine gas, and when the reactive gas is the hydrogen sulfide gas, three-dimensional porous Ti is obtained₃C₂The nano structure of MXene composite metal sulfide can obtain three-dimensional porous Ti when the nano structure is phosphine gas₃C₂Nanostructured particles of MXene composite metal phosphide. The inert gas is at least one of nitrogen, argon and helium, the volume ratio of the reactive gas to the inert gas is 0.1-10, and the flow rate of the carrier gas is 0.1-5.0L h^-1。

Scheme II:

(1) the concentration is 0.5-20mg mL^-1Ti of (A)₃C₂And ultrasonically dispersing the MXene solution and the metal organic framework compound for 10-60min to obtain a precursor solution. Wherein, Ti₃C₂ MThe solvent of the Xene solution is at least one of water or alcohol containing 1-11 carbon atoms; the metal organic framework compound is at least one of cobalt, iron, nickel and compounds; metal organic framework compound and Ti₃C₂MXene in the weight ratio of 0.01-100.

(2) And (3) atomizing the precursor solution obtained in the step (1) into aerosol micro-droplets with the size of about several microns by using an ultrasonic atomizer. Taking inert gas as carrier gas, blowing aerosol micro-droplets into a high-temperature furnace with preset temperature, and quickly drying to obtain three-dimensional Ti₃C₂MXene coats the metal organic framework compound nanoparticles. Wherein the preset temperature of the high-temperature furnace is 300-800 ℃, and the high-temperature pyrolysis time is 1-6 h; the inert gas is at least one of nitrogen, argon or helium, and the flow rate of the carrier gas is 0.1-5.0L h^-1。

(3) Subjecting the three-dimensional Ti obtained in the step (2)₃C₂Respectively placing MXene-coated metal organic framework compound nanoparticles in iron, cobalt and nickel metal salt solutions, reacting at normal temperature for 1-5h to obtain three-dimensional porous Ti, wherein the solvent is a mixed solvent of alcohol containing 1-11 carbon atoms and water₃C₂MXene compounds nano-structured particles corresponding to metal hydroxides of iron, cobalt and nickel.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention solves the problems of preparation, processing and application of the composite structure based on the three-dimensional porous MXene, and specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) inside the structure, three-dimensionally porous Ti₃C₂The MXene has abundant pore structures inside, and the MXene is mutually crosslinked to form a three-dimensional network structure, so that Ti can be efficiently inhibited₃C₂Stacking and agglomeration between MXene due to van der waals interactions.

(2) Preparing the obtained three-dimensional porous Ti₃C₂The MXene nano composite structure has a very high electrochemical activity area and excellent conductivity, and nano metal sulfide, phosphide and hydroxide particles loaded by the MXene nano composite structure can be uniformly dispersed, so that excellent structural stability is shown.

(3) The invention canTo realize three-dimensional porous Ti₃C₂The MXene structure matrix is subjected to fine operations on nanometer scales such as uniform loading, size regulation and control and the like of various different nanometer composite structures, the process is simple, the process is green and environment-friendly, and the large-scale production is easy to realize; has wide application prospect in the fields of energy, catalysis, biological medicine, electromagnetic shielding, photoelectric materials and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional porous Ti prepared at 400 ℃ in example 1 of the present invention₃C₂Scanning electron microscope images of MXene loaded cobalt sulfide nanoparticles with a ruler of 1 μm;

FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional porous Ti prepared at 400 ℃ in example 1 of the present invention₃C₂A transmission electron microscope photo of MXene loaded cobalt sulfide nano particles with a ruler of 500 nm;

FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional porous Ti prepared at 400 ℃ in example 1 of the present invention₃C₂A transmission electron microscope photo of MXene loaded cobalt sulfide nano particles with a ruler of 100 nm;

FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional porous Ti prepared at 600 ℃ in example 2 of the present invention₃C₂A scanning electron microscope image of MXene loaded cobalt phosphide nano-particles with a ruler of 2 μm;

FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional porous Ti prepared at 600 ℃ in example 2 of the present invention₃C₂A transmission electron microscope photo of MXene loaded cobalt phosphide nano-particles with a ruler of 500 nm;

FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional porous Ti prepared at 600 ℃ in example 2 of the present invention₃C₂A transmission electron microscope photo of MXene loaded cobalt phosphide nano-particles with a ruler of 100 nm;

FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional porous Ti prepared at 800 ℃ in example 3 of the present invention₃C₂A scanning electron microscope image of the MXene-loaded cobalt hydroxide nanosheet with a ruler of 1 μm;

FIG. 8 is a three-dimensional porous Ti prepared at 800 ℃ in example 3 of the present invention₃C₂A transmission electron microscope photo of MXene loaded cobalt hydroxide nanosheets, with a ruler of 500 nm;

FIG. 9 is a 800 ℃ solution of tris produced in example 3 of the present inventionVitamin porous Ti₃C₂And (3) a transmission electron microscope photo of the MXene-supported cobalt hydroxide nanosheet with a ruler of 100 nm.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is proposed to overcome the defects of the prior art, and the technical solution, the implementation process and the principle thereof will be further explained as follows. However, it should be understood that the above-described technical features of the present invention and those specifically described in the embodiments may be combined with each other to constitute a new or preferred technical solution within the scope of the present invention.

Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.