阅读说明：本技术 一种螺环化合物及其制备方法和应用 (Spiro compound and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 阎珣 邴国祥 于 2020-05-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种螺环化合物及其制备方法和应用,所述螺环化合物其结构通式如式(I)所示：其中,R-(1)和R-(2)各自独立地选自H或C-(1)-C-(6)的直链或支链烷基。本发明中的螺环化合物以双螺环结构作为骨架中心,将原本单一小分子的结构复合成为—双聚体结构,作为蓝光吸收剂用于光学高分子材料领域,热稳定性和吸光效率同时大大提高,能够广泛应用于需要高透明度的光学高分子材料中；本发明中螺环化合物的制备方法,工艺简单,安全环保,便于实现工业化生产。(The invention discloses a spiro compound and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the structural general formula of the spiro compound is shown as the formula (I): wherein R is 1 And R 2 Each independently selected from H or C 1 ‑C 6 Linear or branched alkyl. The spiro compound takes a double-spiro structure as a skeleton center, and compounds the original single micromolecule structure into a dimer structure, and the dimer structure is used as a blue light absorbent in the field of optical polymer materials, so that the thermal stability and the light absorption efficiency are greatly improved at the same time, and the spiro compound can be widely applied to optical polymer materials needing high transparency; the preparation method of the spiro compound has the advantages of simple process, safety, environmental protection and convenience for realizing industrial production.)

1. A spiro compound is characterized in that the structural general formula is shown as the formula (I):

wherein R is₁And R₂Each independently selected from H or C₁-C₆Linear or branched alkyl.

2. The spiro compound according to claim 1, wherein R in the general formula (I)₁And R₂Each independently is C₁-C₆Linear or branched alkyl.

3. A process for the preparation of a spiro compound according to any one of claims 1 to 2 comprising the steps of:

s1, adding the initial raw materials of spiroglycol and methyl cyanoacetate into a reaction bottle, and then adding an organic solvent A and an ester exchange catalyst to perform an ester exchange reaction to obtain an intermediate; the reaction formula is as follows:

s2, adding the intermediate prepared in the step S1 and a compound with a structural general formula shown in a formula (II) into a reaction bottle, taking ammonium acetate as a catalyst and an organic solvent B as a solvent, heating to reflux for reaction, and obtaining a target product, namely a spiro compound;

the reaction formula is as follows:

4. a process for the preparation of a spiro compound according to claim 3, comprising the steps of:

s1, adding initial raw materials of spiroglycol and methyl cyanoacetate into a reaction bottle at room temperature, adding an organic solvent A and an ester exchange catalyst, heating to reflux for reaction, tracking the reaction process through a gas chromatograph, extracting with water to neutrality after the reaction is finished, cooling for crystallization, filtering to remove the organic solvent A, and drying to obtain an intermediate;

s2, adding the intermediate prepared in the step S1 and a compound with a structural general formula shown in a formula (II) into a reaction bottle, heating to reflux for reaction by taking ammonium acetate as a catalyst and an organic solvent B as a solvent, tracking the reaction process by using a high-performance liquid chromatography, cooling to room temperature for crystallization after the reaction is finished, filtering, and drying to obtain the target product spiro compound.

5. The method for preparing spiro compound according to claim 4, wherein in step S1, the reaction progress is followed by gas chromatography, and when the mass percentage of spiroglycol detected by gas chromatography is less than one, the reaction is terminated;

in the step S2, the reaction progress is tracked by the high performance liquid chromatography, and when the mass percentage of the compound having the general structural formula shown in formula (ii) detected by the high performance liquid chromatography is less than one, the reaction is ended.

6. The process for preparing a spiro compound according to claim 3, wherein the organic solvent A is selected from any one of benzene, toluene and xylene;

the organic solvent B is any one of benzene, toluene and xylene.

7. The process for preparing a spiro compound according to claim 6, wherein the organic solvent A and the organic solvent B are each toluene.

8. The process for preparing a spiro compound according to claim 3, wherein said transesterification catalyst is sodium methoxide.

9. The method for preparing a spiro compound according to claim 3, wherein the molar ratio of the spiroglycol, methyl cyanoacetate, the transesterification catalyst, ammonium acetate, the compound of the general structural formula (ii) is 1: 2-2.5: 0.15-0.25: 0.75-0.8: 2 to 2.2.

10. Use of a spiro compound according to any of claims 1 to 9 as blue light absorber in the field of optical polymer materials.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of blue light absorption, and particularly relates to a spiro compound and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The visible light is an electromagnetic wave with the wavelength of 400-700 nm, the infrared light with the wavelength of more than 700nm and the ultraviolet light with the wavelength of less than 400nm can be filtered by the cornea and the crystal of human eyes, the influence on the retina is less, and the real influence is the blue light wave band with the wavelength of 400-500 nm. In recent years, the semiconductor technology is developed vigorously, so that a large number of 3C products such as flat panel displays, mobile phone screens, LED displays and the like are driven to be applied, the display technologies can generate high-energy blue light, and according to research findings, long-term exposure can affect retina, especially increase pathological changes of macula lutea, so that the market is more important for absorbing blue light absorbers in 400-500 nm wave bands in recent years.

At present, the national standard for blue light prevention in China officially provides technical requirements for light health and safety application of blue light protective films (GB/T38120-2019), and the requirements for the transmittance of the blue light protective films of optical lens products in each spectral range are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 light transmittance requirements for blue light protection films

Spectral range lambda/nm	Light transmittance requirement
		385≤λ<415	<75％
415≤λ<445	≤80％
		445≤λ<475	>80％
475≤λ<505	>80％

In the development process of the prior art, the compound can be used as a red-shift type ultraviolet absorbent, and is mostly a derivative of cyanocinnamate, wherein the structural general formula is shown as formula (III):

patent US4284621 discloses that the structure of cyano-p-methoxycinnamate is mainly applied to an absorbent in cosmetics for absorbing ultraviolet light of UV-a band; in the patent US4284621, the maximum absorption wavelength (. lamda.max), the molar absorption coefficient (. epsilon.) and the light aging stability of the polymer are compared for different para-functional groups R of the benzene ring. Wherein, when R is methoxy (OCH)₃) R1 is methyl (CH)₃) When the maximum absorption wavelength of the derivative of the cyanocinnamate represented by the general formula (III) is 340nm, if R is replaced by a stronger electron-donating group, such as R is hydroxyl (OH), R₁Is methyl (CH)₃) When the absorption maximum wavelength of the derivative of cyanocinnamate represented by the general structural formula (III) is 348 nm; r is N, N-dimethylamino (N (CH)₃)₂)、R₁Is methyl (CH)₃) The maximum absorption wavelength of the cyanocinnamate derivative represented by the general structural formula (III) is shifted to 421nm in a large red-shift manner. Therefore, the cyano cinnamate derivative can be used in different fields by changing the substituent R to regulate and control the absorption band.

WO2004/041935 discloses two cyano-p-methoxy cinnamate derivatives, which have the structural formulas shown as formulas (IV) and (V):

the cyano-p-methoxy cinnamate derivatives with the structural general formulas shown in the patent WO2004/041935 are applied to amber polyester compositions with the wavelengths of 360-430 nm and 460-550 nm, and finished products are applied to material containers which can be degraded due to the irradiation of the light with the wavelength less than 550nm, such as bottles for beer packaging.

Patent CN 109384878A discloses three cyanocinnamate derivatives, whose structural general formulas are shown as formula (vi), formula (vii), and formula (viii):

the cyano cinnamate derivative disclosed in patent CN 109384878A has a structural general formula shown in formula (VI), formula (VII) and formula (VIII) and is applied to absorbing all-band blue light (380-450 nm) and applied to blue light prevention optical applications such as optical lenses, goggles and other glass or high polymer materials.

The cyano cinnamate derivatives disclosed in US4284621, WO2004/041935 and CN 109384878A have absorption range covering 380-450 nm blue light range, but are limited by the relation of small molecular structure, and the thermal cracking temperature is not high; for example, the compound disclosed in patent CN 109384878A and having the general structural formulas shown in formula (vi) and formula (vii) have thermal cracking temperatures (TGA, 10% thermal weight loss, and oxygen environment) of 195 ℃ and 206 ℃ respectively, and when the compound is used in plastics with high processing temperature, such as dimethyl terephthalate (PET) about 260-300 ℃ and Polycarbonate (PC) about 260-280 ℃, cracking often occurs during high temperature, screw shear force addition, and film stretching, which directly results in reduction of effective components, even color deepening, and finally affects the performance and appearance color expression of the finished product; the patent WO2004/041935 discloses that a compound with blue light absorption function is copolymerized with plastics to achieve the effect of adding a blue light absorbent, and the patent does not mention the relevant thermal stability result and the color of the finished product is close to amber, and the compound is not suitable for being applied to optical high molecular materials requiring high transparency.

The compound disclosed in patent CN 109384878A and having a structural general formula shown in (VIII) has a thermal cracking temperature (TGA, 10% thermal weight loss and oxygen environment) of 273 ℃, and is suitable for high processing temperature adjustment compared with the compounds having the structural general formulas shown in formula (VI) and formula (VII), but the compound center containing a double nitrogen ring structure belongs to a fluorescent whitening agent type, has a shorter light life, and generates partial fluorescence after being added into an optical product and irradiated to influence the optical performance of the finished product.

Therefore, there is a need to design a new compound as a blue light absorber for use in the field of optical polymer materials, which can solve the problem that the prior art cannot simultaneously solve the thermal stability and the light absorption efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects, provides a spiro compound, and further provides a preparation method and application of the spiro compound.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a spiro compound having a general structural formula as shown in formula (I):

wherein R is₁And R₂Each independently selected from H or C₁-C₆Linear or branched alkyl.

Preferably, R in the formula (I)₁And R₂Each independently is C₁-C₆Linear or branched alkyl.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above spiro compound, comprising the following steps:

s1, adding the initial raw materials of spiroglycol and methyl cyanoacetate into a reaction bottle, and then adding an organic solvent A and an ester exchange catalyst to perform an ester exchange reaction to obtain an intermediate; the reaction formula is as follows:

s2, adding the intermediate prepared in the step S1 and a compound with a structural general formula shown in a formula (II) into a reaction bottle, taking ammonium acetate as a catalyst and an organic solvent B as a solvent, heating to reflux for reaction, and obtaining a target product, namely a spiro compound;

the reaction formula is as follows:

preferably, the preparation method of the spiro compound comprises the following steps:

s1, adding initial raw materials of spiroglycol and methyl cyanoacetate into a reaction bottle at room temperature, adding an organic solvent A and an ester exchange catalyst, heating to reflux for reaction, tracking the reaction process through a gas chromatograph, extracting with water to neutrality after the reaction is finished, cooling for crystallization, filtering to remove the organic solvent A, and drying to obtain an intermediate;

s2, adding the intermediate prepared in the step S1 and a compound with a structural general formula shown in a formula (II) into a reaction bottle, heating to reflux for reaction by taking ammonium acetate as a catalyst and an organic solvent B as a solvent, tracking the reaction process by using a high-performance liquid chromatography, cooling to room temperature for crystallization after the reaction is finished, filtering, and drying to obtain the target product spiro compound.

Preferably, in the step S1, the reaction progress is tracked by a gas chromatograph, and when the mass percentage of the spiroglycol detected by the gas chromatograph is less than one percent, the reaction is ended;

in the step S2, the reaction progress is tracked by the high performance liquid chromatography, and when the mass percentage of the compound having the general structural formula shown in formula (ii) detected by the high performance liquid chromatography is less than one, the reaction is ended.

Preferably, the organic solvent A is selected from any one of benzene, toluene and xylene; the organic solvent B is any one of benzene, toluene and xylene.

Preferably, the organic solvent A and the organic solvent B are both toluene.

Preferably, the transesterification catalyst is sodium methoxide.

Preferably, the mole ratio of the spiroglycol, the methyl cyanoacetate, the ester exchange catalyst, the ammonium acetate and the compound with the structural general formula shown in the formula (II) is 1: 2-2.5: 0.15-0.25: 0.75-0.8: 2 to 2.2.

The third aspect of the present invention provides an application of the above spiro compound as a blue light absorber in the field of optical polymer materials.

Further, the application of the spiro compound in the invention is as follows: a polymer added as a blue light absorber under high temperature processing conditions.

Further, the polymer under the high-temperature processing condition is any one of polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, poly-p-xylylene terephthalate, poly-p-dibutylphthalate, nylon and cellulose triacetate.

Further, when the spiro compound of the present invention is added to a polymer under high temperature processing conditions as a blue-light absorber, the proportion of the spiro compound added is 0.01% to 10%.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the spiro compound takes a double-spiro structure as a skeleton center, and compounds the original single micromolecule structure into a dimer structure, and the dimer structure is used as a blue light absorbent in the field of optical polymer materials, so that the thermal stability and the light absorption efficiency are greatly improved at the same time, and the spiro compound can be widely applied to optical polymer materials needing high transparency; the preparation method of the spiro compound has the advantages of simple process, safety, environmental protection and convenience for realizing industrial production.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph of transmittance before irradiation of sample 1 and sample 2 in the test example;

FIG. 2 is a graph of the transmittance of samples 1 and 2 after 336 hours and 504 hours of QUV light irradiation, respectively;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the transmittance after 504 hours of general sunlight irradiation of sample 1 and sample 2 in the test examples.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the characteristics, the purposes and the functions of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with reference to the specific drawings.

Example 1

The present embodiment provides a spiro compound, which has a structural general formula shown in formula (I):

wherein R is₁And R₂Each independently is methyl (CH)₃)。

The preparation method of the spiro compound in the embodiment comprises the following steps:

s1, a 1000mL three-necked flask was charged with 61.22g of spiroglycol and 81.83g of methyl cyanoacetate at room temperature, 200g of toluene was used as an organic solvent A, and 2g of sodium methoxide was added as a transesterification catalyst, and the mixture was heated to reflux to carry out the reaction. Sampling for 4 hours of reaction, carrying out reaction tracking by a Gas Chromatography (GC) until the spiroglycol is detected to react until the mass percentage content is less than one percent, ending the reaction, closing heating, adding purified water for extraction to remove the transesterification catalyst, cooling for crystallization after extraction is carried out to neutrality, filtering to remove toluene, and drying to obtain a white solid, namely an intermediate with the following structural formula:

wherein the mass of the obtained intermediate is 79g, the yield is 89.95%, and the melting point is 136-142 ℃.

S2, taking a 500mL three-necked bottle, adding 44g of the intermediate prepared in the step S1, adding 32.73g of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, taking 300g of toluene as an organic solvent B, taking 6g of ammonium acetate as a catalyst, heating to reflux for reaction, sampling after 6 hours of reaction, tracking the reaction process by a high-efficiency liquid phase chromatography (HPLC) until the mass percentage of the p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde is less than one percent, finishing the reaction, cooling to room temperature for crystallization, filtering and drying to obtain 66g of orange solid, namely the target product spiro compound, wherein the yield is 94.2%, the HPLC purity is 99.67%, and UV-VIS (dichloromethane, lambda max)423 nm.

The spiro compound obtained in this example by the above production method was analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), melting point and thermogravimetric loss (TGA), and the results were as follows:

nuclear magnetic resonance analysis:¹H NMR(500MHz,CDCl₃)：8.06(s，2H)，7.90(d,2H,J＝8.5MHz)，6.70(d，2H，J＝8.5MHz)，4.52(d,2H，J＝11.5MHz)，4.37(s，2H)，4.12-4.06(m，4H)，3.59-3.55(m，4H),3.35(d，2H，J＝11.5MHz)，3.11(s，12H)，1.03(s，6H)，1.02(s，6H)。

¹³C NMR(500MHz,CDCl₃)：164.11，154.48，153.54，133.99，119.36，117.35，111.46，104.66，93.89，70.67，70.60，70.11，39.95，38.74，32.54，19.37，19.26。

melting point; 221-228 ℃.

Thermogravimetric loss (TGA, oxygen environment, 10%): 381 deg.C.

Example 2

The present embodiment provides a spiro compound, which has a structural general formula shown in formula (I):

wherein R is₁And R₂Each independently is ethyl (C)₂H₅)。

The preparation method of the spiro compound in the embodiment comprises the following steps:

s1, a 1000mL three-necked flask was charged with 61.22g of spiroglycol and 81.83g of methyl cyanoacetate at room temperature, 200g of toluene was used as an organic solvent A, and 2g of sodium methoxide was added as a transesterification catalyst, and the mixture was heated to reflux to carry out the reaction. Sampling for 4 hours of reaction, carrying out reaction tracking by a Gas Chromatography (GC) until the spiroglycol is detected to react until the mass percentage content is less than one percent, ending the reaction, closing heating, adding purified water for extraction to remove the transesterification catalyst, cooling for crystallization after extraction is carried out to neutrality, filtering to remove toluene, and drying to obtain a white solid, namely an intermediate with the following structural formula:

wherein the mass of the obtained intermediate is 79g, the yield is 89.95%, and the melting point is 136-142 ℃.

S2, taking a 500mL three-necked bottle, adding 18.5g of the intermediate prepared in the step S1, adding 15g of p-diethylaminobenzaldehyde, taking 100g of toluene as an organic solvent B and 2.5g of ammonium acetate as a catalyst, heating to reflux for reaction, sampling after 6 hours of reaction, tracking the reaction process by using a high-efficiency liquid phase chromatography (HPLC) until the mass percentage content of the p-diethylaminobenzaldehyde is less than one percent, finishing the reaction, cooling to room temperature for crystallization, filtering and drying to obtain 25.5g of an orange solid, namely the target product spiro compound, wherein the yield is 90%, the HPLC purity is 98.03%, and the UV-VIS (dichloromethane, lambda max) is 424 nm.

The spiro compound obtained in this example by the above production method was analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), melting point and thermogravimetric loss (TGA), and the results were as follows:

nuclear magnetic resonance analysis:¹H NMR(500MHz,CDCl₃)：8.06(s,2H),7.90(d,2H,J＝8.5MHz),6.70(d,2H,J＝8.5MHz),4.52(d,2H,J＝11.5MHz),4.37(s,2H),4.12-4.06(m,4H),3.59-3.55(m,4H),3.35(d,2H,J＝11.5MHz),3.30(quat,J＝15MHz,8H),1.13(t,J＝15.3MHz,12H),1.03(s,6H),1.02(s,6H)

¹³C NMR(500MHz,CDCl₃)：164.11,154.48,153.54,133.99,119.36,117.35,111.46,104.66,93.89,70.67,70.60,70.11,44.7,38.74,32.54,19.37,19.26,13.

melting point; 162-170 ℃.

Thermogravimetric loss (TGA, oxygen environment, 10%): 355 ℃.

Comparative example 1

The compound represented by the formula (VII) is prepared by a preparation method disclosed in patent CN 109384878A.

Test examples

The spiro compound prepared in example 1 was designated as sample 1, and the compound having the structural formula shown in (VII) prepared in comparative example 1 was designated as sample 2.

The samples 1 and 2 were subjected to a film drawing test and an aging test.

The preparation method of the film-drawing test piece in the film-drawing test comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that chemical fiber PET FG600 particles are characterized by using petrochemical instruments, a film drawing machine is a casting extrusion machine (model: Guangzhou common CTE-20), the addition amount of spiro compounds is 1200ppm, and the thickness of a drawn PET film is 30 um.

Wherein, the aging resistance test comprises the following steps: the aging was carried out using a QUV ultraviolet light accelerated aging tester, QLAB, USA, with an irradiation wavelength of 340nm and a period of 168 hours, the irradiation conditions being as per ASTM G154.

The test results are shown in table 2, table 3, fig. 1 and fig. 2.

Wherein, the results of QUV light irradiation of sample 2 for 336 hours and sample 1 for 504 hours are shown in Table 2, FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.

Wherein, table 3 and fig. 3 show the aging data of sample 1 and sample 2 under normal sunlight irradiation.

Table 2 results of QUV light exposure for 336 hours for sample 2 and 504 hours for sample 1.

TABLE 3 ageing data for samples 1 and 2 under normal daylight exposure

As shown in Table 2, FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, before the irradiation of light, the sample 1 can cover the whole blue light absorption range of 400-450 nm, the sample 2 has a penetration value of about 58.91% at 450nm, and the sample 2 can still meet the specification in comparison with GB/T38120-2019. However, after 168 hours of QUV irradiation, it is clear that sample 2 decayed very rapidly, had almost all cracked, and had no blue light absorption effect; relative sample 1 (i.e., the spiro compound designed in this patent) maintained about half of its initial absorption capacity even after 504 hours.

The general sunlight irradiation is relatively moderate aging condition, and the photoaging life of the actual optical material in daily application can be simulated. The surprising results shown in table 3 and fig. 3 show that sample 2 decays very rapidly over 168 hours, with the relative sample 1 (i.e., the spiro compound designed by this patent) remaining nearly unchanged. Comparing QUV with general daylight conditions, it can be seen that sample 2, which is a Pyrazoline system (Pyrazoline) commonly found in optical brighteners due to its double nitrogen ring structure, has a relatively short lifetime and does not meet the long-term protection requirements if used in optical applications.

In conclusion, the spiro compound takes a double-spiro structure as a skeleton center, and compounds the original structure of single micromolecule into a dimer structure, and is used as a blue light absorber in the field of optical polymer materials, so that the thermal stability and the light absorption efficiency are greatly improved at the same time, and the spiro compound can be widely applied to optical polymer materials needing high transparency; the preparation method of the spiro compound has the advantages of simple process, safety, environmental protection and convenience for realizing industrial production.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.